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Here is an AI response to the question. I hope it allays any uncertainties. When in doubt, consult the references. The genetic history of the British Isles is complex, with multiple waves

Al, Rather than thinking in terms of proportion of ?males I prefer to think in terms of proportion of y-chromosomes because that is less ambiguous. I also find it easier to talk about what

Not separate, just below the salt. [email protected]> wrote:

So it's a separate table for me then. I think. [email protected]> wrote:

Al, ??? I'd be happy to sit at the separate table, if I could establish Norman ancestry. Barring more useful archaic DNA, I don't see any way to distinguish between Norman, Anglo-Saxon, or some

Some 12 years ago, when I and some friends first started discussing this stuff down the pub, and then started getting ourselves tested - first with National Geographic (said I'm Danish and mum's

Can I trust my haplogroup assignment from 23andme? I was given R1b-u106-z156. from what I've read that's a very old subclade, and a test from FTDNA would just narrow it down to a more recent subclade

Peraps not - I am a rubbish shot. In my first career I had a go with an M60 out the back of a Chinook. The Loady said 'Christ, Sir, that's the first time I've seen anyone miss a desert'. Cheers, Al

Bertram & Iain, My apologies, Bertram. I understand your reply better now. It is confusing when labs do not agree on SNPs. I still don’t understand why YFull doesn’t include FGC17460. I believe it

Thanks Bertram. I think I understand. Let’s see if the Block Tree gets reorganized to reflect what you’re saying. So far they still have me and the four others separate from BY122236. I really

Hi Shane, Iain, Sorry, Shane, maybe I was not clear. I don't think that Y340824 is the same SNP than BY122236, but now, on Yfull tree Y340824 is the name for BY122236 haplogroup in FTDNA tree. And I

Hi Jason, ? I find the best way to visualise these ancient connections is via Discover's Time Tree <https://discover.familytreedna.com/y-dna/R-FTE23068/tree> . However, if you do this, you will see

Hi Shane, ? Thanks for the update. This is the first time I've seen FTG as a SNP prefix - they're certainly racing through them. I was looking at R-FGC17460 for unrelated purposes today and note you

Iain, I got an email from Bertram a few days ago in which he let me know that YFull confirms that Y340824 and BY122236 are the same. Also, FTDNA has some new developments regarding FGC17460+. I am

Nature discussion: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-00089-0 <https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-00089-0> Article: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08531-5

Researchers zero in on original Indo-Europeans Ancient DNA and archaeology studies zero in on a population living 6,000 years ago between the Caucasus and the lower Volga River as origin of the

As others have said, Iain, thank you very much for the time and effort you’ve put into this. I’m one of the three closely related Polish-origin testers under R-FT60052. I, too, get the sense

Re., Slovakian testers - the evidence for exactly when these individual families arrived in Slovakia is very scarce. We simple don't have enough testers to make this clear in most cases. Some could

Thank you very much Ian for this update. Re R-Z18 in Slovakia the testers might be descendants of the German settlers from Middle Ages.

Thank you for this incredible work, Iain