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As requested. I've been running RTLSDR_Airband from the day I found out about it. I was trying to write code for a multi-channel FM receiver and it was proving quite difficult, and I dropped the effort once I found out about it. It uses a very efficient algorithm mix and filter multiple frequencies to baseband RF, where AM and FM demodulation can be applied. FM demodulation is very efficient as well. On my Raspberry Pi I'm running 10 channels at present, with 4 recording audio from repeater outputs, 4 recording baseband RF from repeater inputs, and 2 FM audio channels piped into Direwolf. This consumes about 10% of one of the 4 processor cores on a Raspberry Pi 4. It is supposed to work on a Raspberry Pi 2 and Pi 3, using the on-board GPU to accelerate computation, but I've never tried it. It is also quite reliable, and I've had it running over a month at a time on the Pi. The reason I was doing this was to hunt a repeater jammer in the area, and APRS was an afterthought. The jammer is now gone but new ones come from time to time so I record 4 repeaters 24 hours/day. The audio recordings are used for evidence, and the IQ recordings for analysis, especially experimentally with transmitter profiling. Experience using Direwolf made it obvious it would be a good fit - and it almost was. I now have about 40 GB of recordings. I also encouraged some fellow club members to run similar setups and devised a method by which they could upload their recordings to my system, making them all available for review or analysis. It still has some rough edges but basically works. The most difficult thing is managing security. I called the system Dragnet, which if you look at the files you'll see this as the user account for the programs. The biggest issue I had, which I was dealing with today, was that Airband emits 32-bit floating point samples and Direwolf wants 8 bit unsigned or 16 bit signed integers. There are programs that would do the conversion but they are rather complex, so I decided to write one for the purpose to act as an intermediary between Airband and Direwolf. Initially I tried reading from Airband using an Internet socket, and writing to a socket for Direwolf to read but I ran into difficulties and just wrote the output to stdout and piped it into Direwolf. That worked well for APRS traffic on 144.390 and a couple of weeks ago I added the ISS APRS RS0ISS as a second channel. Yesterday I checked the logs and found that I was receiving the ISS about once per day with several transmissions during the pass and was pleased. I started thinking that because I had two instances of Direwolf I would have 2 igate connections and thought that wasteful, so I decided to pursue the socket to socket sample format conversion again. This time I used Microsoft Copilot which sped things up a lot. The last thing I asked Copilot to do was add GPL V3 terms and conditions to make the code open source. After much back and forth I now have a version which will forward samples to another socket or to stdin based on the command line options. I wrote simple system services for airband, the two instances of the format converter (Terrestrial and ISS APRS) and one instance of Direwolf. It's all running nicely as I write. The main components are Configuration files for airband and Direwolf Systemctl .service files for the 4 system services. The sample converter code, which I called f32_i16.c due to lack of imagination (maybe I should call it AirWolf) I'm happy to share all of it and will post some stuff in the replies. Use at your own risk of course.

Compilation is: gcc f32_i16.c -o f32_i16 -lm You can find the code at https://github.com/SullivanChrisJ/AirWolf.git I run it as a system service with the following .service file (installed in /etc/systemd/system, with $ sudo systemctl enable --now f32_i16_1.service. One of these is needed for each of the channels. Service file would be something like. It could probably be improved. [Unit] Description=Sample conversion for Direwolf Instance #1 Wants=network.target After=network.target [Service] Type=simple ExecStart=/bin/sh -c '/usr/local/bin/f32_i16 7355 7455' WorkingDirectory=/home/dragnet Restart=no User=dragnet [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target Sample for airband.service [Unit] Description=SDR AM/NFM demodulator Documentation=https://github.com/charlie-foxtrot/RTLSDR-Airband/wiki Wants=network.target After=network.target # Dependencies: # RTLSDR-Airband binary is assumed to be in /usr/local/bin # The configuration file is assumed to be in /usr/local/etc/rtl_airband.conf [Service] Type=simple ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/rtl_airband -Fe -c /usr/local/etc/rtl_airband.conf WorkingDirectory=/mnt/sftp/ve3nrt # Bumping the dongle sometimes causes a read failure which will cause the program # to exit. Tell it to restart, with a small delay in case of presistent failure. Restart=always RestartSec=60 User=ve3nrt [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target Sample for aprs.service (direwolf). You will need to create the airband directory in /var/log with permissions the program can access, or put the file somewhere else. [Unit] Description=AX.25 APRS Packet Monitor on port 7455 & 7456 Wants=network.target After=network.target [Service] Type=simple ExecStart=/bin/sh -c '/usr/local/bin/direwolf -t 0 -c /usr/local/etc/aprs.conf >> /var/log/airband/aprs.log' WorkingDirectory=/home/dragnet Restart=no User=dragnet [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target

I've been using RTLSDR_Airband with Direwolf for APRS for some time now. Originally I tried converting the socket output from Airband from f32 to i16 and sending the output to another socket for Direwolf to read, but couldn't get it to work. I abandoned that idea and sent the converted output to stdout instead and it worked perfectly. Recently though, I added the ISS to my receive list in Airband, and that worked nicely as well, and I pick it up every day or so. I I though it would be nice to use 1 Direwolf instance to handle both APRS sources, so I have resumed work on socket output from the conversion program and socket input to Direwolf. I now have it to the point where the Direwolf opens the socket successfully and says it is listening. The problem is no decodes. However, if I listen to the socket with netcat and pipe the output to Direwolf stdin, it works. This uses 7358 as the output port from the converter. When I run Direwolf like this: direwolf -a 10 -r 16000 -n 1 -b 16 -B1200 -t 0 UDP:7358 I get. Dire Wolf version 1.7 Includes optional support for: hamlib cm108-ptt dns-sd Reading config file /home/dragnet/direwolf.conf Audio input device for receive: UDP:7358 (channel 0) Audio out device for transmit: default (channel 0) Channel 0: 1200 baud, AFSK 1200 & 2200 Hz, A+, 16000 sample rate, DTMF decoder enabled. Note: PTT not configured for channel 0. (Ignore this if using VOX.) Disabled AGW network client port. DNS-SD: Avahi: Announcing KISS TCP on port 0 as 'Dire Wolf on airband' DNS-SD: Avahi: Service name collision, renaming service to 'Dire Wolf on airband #2' DNS-SD: Avahi: Announcing KISS TCP on port 0 as 'Dire Wolf on airband #2' DNS-SD: Avahi: Service 'Dire Wolf on airband #2' successfully registered. ADEVICE0: Sample rate approx. 8.0 k, 0 errors, receive audio level CH0 34 Note the last line. It doesn't matter which sample rate I choose, it always says 8.0k, and doesn't decode. I have also tried 1.8A & 1.8D, which are no different. This is what I get when I use netcat as an intermediary. netcat -u -l -p 7358 | direwolf -r 16000 -a 10 -n 1 -b 16 -B1200 -t 0 - Dire Wolf version 1.7 Includes optional support for: hamlib cm108-ptt dns-sd Reading config file /home/dragnet/direwolf.conf Audio input device for receive: stdin (channel 0) Audio out device for transmit: default (channel 0) Channel 0: 1200 baud, AFSK 1200 & 2200 Hz, A+, 16000 sample rate, DTMF decoder enabled. Note: PTT not configured for channel 0. (Ignore this if using VOX.) Disabled AGW network client port. DNS-SD: Avahi: Announcing KISS TCP on port 0 as 'Dire Wolf on airband' DNS-SD: Avahi: Service name collision, renaming service to 'Dire Wolf on airband #2' DNS-SD: Avahi: Announcing KISS TCP on port 0 as 'Dire Wolf on airband #2' DNS-SD: Avahi: Service 'Dire Wolf on airband #2' successfully registered. Digipeater VA3BAL-4 audio level = 35(10/8) |||||_|__ [0.2] VE3GIF-2>APDW17,VA3BAL-4*,DISCVR:}VA3VWX-13>APRS,TCPIP,VE3GIF-2*:@091753z4337.37N/07929.87W_288/008g015t033r000p000P000h76b10204.DsVP Weather Report, WEATHER Station (blue) Use of "APRS" in the destination field is obsolete. You can help to improve the quality of APRS signals. Tell the sender (VA3VWX-13) to use the proper product identifier from https://github.com/aprsorg/aprs-deviceid N 43 37.3700, W 079 29.8700 wind 9.2 mph, direction 288, gust 15, temperature 33, rain 0.00 in last hour, rain 0.00 in last 24 hours, rain 0.00 since midnight, humidity 76, barometer 30.14, ".DsVP" Opening log file "2025-02-09.log". Digipeater VA3BAL-4 audio level = 35(10/8) _|||||___ [0.3] VE3GIF>APK102,VA3BAL-4*,DISCVR:=4345.72N/07911.10W_234/011g t031r000p000P h82b10195KDvs<0x0d> Weather Report, WEATHER Station (blue), Kenwood D710 N 43 45.7200, W 079 11.1000 wind 12.7 mph, direction 234, temperature 31, rain 0.00 in last hour, rain 0.00 in last 24 hours, humidity 82, barometer 30.11, "KDvs" ADEVICE0: Sample rate approx. 16.0 k, 0 errors, receive audio level CH0 52 That is, not only does it report the correct sample rate, it decodes just fine. Any ideas? Or is it time for a bug report? 73, Chris

I have an RTL-SDR receiver I use for monitoring ACARS, and APRS. I am interested in monitoring just for fun other signals on the uhf/vhf bands. I have an OMNI X scanner antenna up pretty high so I get decent reception. I live close to a large metropolitan area. There is an industrial area where there are ships and barges. APRS is kind of boring, but ACARS is interesting. I have used in the past my dongle with DSD plus and SDR Trunk for monitoring the state communication system. DSD Plus is too unwieldy to use. But I like SDR Trunk. Anyway what other entities are possible to configure to listen to? i use MX Linux.

Does anyone know if it is possible to add a JSON Post output to Direwolf. In addition to saving the GPS data to a logfile I would like to also send the data to a website. The preferred delivery to the website is JSON POST. Jakob

Hello again to the group! I start Direwolf via cron with dw-start.sh. I’d like to add -dgt to the startup command. My question is, which line (number) do I add -dgt to? Thanks in advance for any replies. Doug AE9DM

Where is ISOTIME derived from in the Direwolf logfile? Is this time info received from APRS messages or is it a timestamp added to the log derived from the local time on the PC running Direwolf?

Hello, I get the the error "Timeout waiting for input from audio device 0. Terminating after audio input failure." immediately upon transmitting a connection request to a pbbs. The FTM-500 locks up in transmit, and I need to disconnect the digirig cable from the laptop and restart Direwolf/Paracon to recover. Yes, it looks like RFI, but this hardware combination works fine with VaraFM and Soundmodem. I've also added additional ferrite beads to the digirig cable. I've noticed that I don't get the same error (and transmit lockup) when I set the audio output device to a different soundcard, while keeping the audio input on the digirig lite. I am able to transmit on the digirig lite without lockup. Direwolf also works fine while just listening on 144.39. The audio levels look good and most packets are decoded. Any help will be appreciated! Thanks, Eric KG7ASX Direwolf config follows: ADEVICE 1 2 CHANNEL 0 MYCALL KG7ASX MODEM 1200 PTT CM108 AGWPORT 8000 KISSPORT 8001 IGTXLIMIT 6 10 RETRY 5 FRACK 4 MAXFRAME 7 EMAXFRAME 63 PACLEN 128 DWAIT 64 TXDELAY 30 TXTAIL 15 Startup Text: PS C:\Program Files\direwolf-1.7.0-9807304_x86_64> .\direwolf.exe Dire Wolf version 1.7 Includes optional support for: cm108-ptt Reading config file direwolf.conf Available audio input devices for receive (*=selected): 0: FTdx-10 Input (USB AUDIO CODEC * 1: Digirig Lite Input (2- USB Audi (channel 0) 2: Microphone Array (Intel? Smart Available audio output devices for transmit (*=selected): 0: FTdx-10 Output (USB AUDIO CODE 1: Speaker (Realtek(R) Audio) * 2: Digirig Lite Output (2- USB Aud (channel 0) Channel 0: 1200 baud, AFSK 1200 & 2200 Hz, A+, 44100 sample rate. Using \\?\hid#vid_0d8c&pid_0012&mi_03#7&38439e45&0&0000#{4d1e55b2-f16f-11cf-88cb-001111000030} GPIO 3 for channel 0 PTT control. Ready to accept AGW client application 0 on port 8000 ... Ready to accept KISS TCP client application 0 on port 8001 ...

Hi, I am trying to set up an IGat. Everything seems to be working. Packets are being decoded. The connection to the gate servers is the only thing that isn't working. Connect to IGate server noam.aprs2.net (192.104.234.219) failed. It's been running for a couple of hours now and has tried half a dozen IP addresses so far. I've got a good internet connection and can ping those servers. One thing that I am not too sure about is the APRS-IS password. Should I get a password for my call sign or should my call sign be appended with the SSID? Aside from the password, everything else seems fine in the config file. Any help or tips would be appreciated. Sepehr N6IRN

Morning from a cold, wet and windy Scotland.... I've built an iGate with Pi3+ and and Icom RX but I can't get my location on show on aprs.fi properly... I've tried Lat/ Long and UTM. My Pbeacon statement is: PBEACON sendto=igate every=30 overlay=R symbol="igate" lat=42^55.94539 long=071^3.39273E via=WIDE1-1,WIDE2-1 This locates me in Eastern Europe near Tapaz..... My lat/long is 55.945526, -3.392573 What am I doing wrong?? (what do the 42^ and 071^ mean/do???) Bob

Looking to understand some obscure things about APRS messaging. In Understanding-APRS-Packets.pdf on John's aprsspec github site. (Tnx John!) RF to RF on same channel, well understood. Also understood is that the delivery will be retried until timed out, an ack is received or send cancelled. RF to RF via an IGate says can be done, but how does one know the recipients current RF location? Is it just automatic when WIDE hops are used? Also could the recipients closest RF TX site be explicitly defined in the digi path? The WHOIS server example is a bit confusing, but in essence appears to be a robot data response. My main question though is how does one poll for a message "being held not deliverable" in IS? (Mainly I think in VK as Inet>RF messaging seems disabled) I use Xastir to only display/list the RF channel and usually leave the Internet Server interface down, but now wonder if up and the filter parameter t/m/VK* will work? (I have TX disabled on this interface too.) I know too there is a facility to send messages from the CLI, but is there a method to pull down "held" messages? Tnxs Bob VK2YQA

Hi all, I've been building an APRS tracker for Raspberry Pi and other small SBCs, and (mainly because I've been doing this for a whole bunch of ADSB/ACARS/AIS-related software as well), I have created a containerized version of this. The Docker container includes GPSD (to capture GPS data from a USB-based GPS dongle), Chrony (to set the system time based on the GPS data), and (of course) DireWolf configured as a tracker. The advantage of Docker is that it creates a (sort-of) VM environment that is easy to configure, deploy, and maintain/update. My idea was to automate the configuration as much as possible. For "normal" deployments: the container figures out the soundcard config you can (in most cases) set the TX and RX audio levels with an environment parameter as simple %full-scale. This takes away the need to do much sleuthing with `alsamixer` and the like. it detects which USB2Serial port the GPS is using it monitors the serial port as I found that my GPS randomly disconnects and reconnects to a different /dev/ttyACMx port it abstracts several of the necessary APRS tracker parameters into the `docker-compose.yml` config file I've set it up so all data is written to a minimal set of directories that can easily be mapped to `tmpfs` (RAM), so we can lock down the rest of the OS to protect the SD card when the SBC goes down because the car power goes away. I've tested it (a bit) on Raspi3B+, Raspi4B, LePotato, and OrangePi boards, using Raspberry Pi OS (32 and 64 bits), DietPi (arm64), and "pure" minimalist Debian (on the LePotato board). They all work more or less the same. So far so good and the basics work fine. There are a few things I still want to tackle: I need to figure out what is causing these random disconnects/reconnects of the GPS. Maybe it's just because it's a cheap dongle? My soundcard dongle will only work in RX sampling rate of 48k. The only way I get DireWolf to decode is by adding `-r 48000` to the command line. I have not been able to figure out how to lower the sampling rate of the audio device Right now, only an `armhf`, `arm64`, and `amd64` image is available. Specifically, there's no `armel` image which makes the container incompatible with some of the older/lower-end Raspi's. This has nothing to do with DireWolf, it's related to something else that I simply haven't prioritized to solve (specifically, I use S6 version 3 which doesn't work by default on `armel` or `i386`) I need to pay some attention to my hardware. The Baofeng UV-5R I'm using with APRS-K2 cable and Vox for PTT control is obviously nowhere close to ideal Need to "harden" the OS so it's safe with hard power-downs If you are interested, feel free to take a look here: https://github.com/sdr-enthusiasts/docker-aprs-tracker 73, Ramon KX1T

I have 2 sites - my home and my bunker. I own both buildings and they are about 10 miles apart and in 2m contact. The bunker is NOT residential it is commercial. I would like to run packet radio from both sites. Right now there are only 2 other packet sites in the area, and I can reach them from both locations. I know I cant use the same "-1 -2 -3 postfixes from both sites. I have had both sites talking with different "nodenames". Having two sites (and access to both sites at the same time) would allow me to better understand and experiment with packet routing setups - as well as to try out different pieces of kit (inc direwolf!) from home. Are there any opinions about the "best" way to do this - or the pitfalls and what I have to be careful with?? Iain MM7IRM

I know this is a busy group so thank you for reading this. It's been quite some time since I've played with packet radio so I've probably overlooked something obvious. When I last used my Yaesu radio ADEVICE plughw:1,0 (in the direwolf config file) worked perfectly. Now I want to use SDRconnect instead, just to receive. arecord -l **** List of CAPTURE Hardware Devices **** card 0: sofhdadsp [sof-hda-dsp], device 0: HDA Analog (*) [] Subdevices: 0/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: sofhdadsp [sof-hda-dsp], device 6: DMIC (*) [] Subdevices: 0/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: sofhdadsp [sof-hda-dsp], device 7: DMIC16kHz (*) [] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0 and device 0 look like the correct device (ADEVICE plughw:0,0) but direwolf returns: Reading config file /home/phil/direwolf.conf Audio device for both receive and transmit: plughw:0,0 (channel 0) Could not open audio device plughw:0,0 for input Device or resource busy This is what the audio mixer reports under the playback tab: ALSA plugin [SDRconnect]: ALSA Playback on What setting should I be using to have direwolf listen to the output (the speaker) from SDRconnect? -- Regards, Phil

I am at my witts end. I have been trying to use my Nooelec SDR with direwolf and direwolf does not "see" it and place it in the list. I have teied all releases from 1.5 to 1.7 to see if there is a difference.

Hi, I think I just successfully built and installed Direwolf on my Mac, following the instructions in the user guide. According to the guide, to run direwolf, I just need to run /usr/local/bin/direwolf from my home directory. I do that but nothing seems to start running since direwolf does not seem to exist in /usr/local/bin. I do see dw-start.sh in my home directory but running that, I get the following Direwolf in GUI mode start up DISPLAY=:0 Did not find an X terminal emulator. Reverting to CLI mode ----------------------- Direwolf in CLI mode start up No Sockets found in /var/folders/t9/g9sttp414nl_hx76sr642l000000gn/T/.screen. I'm stuck now. Any help and tips would be appreciated. Thank you, Sepehr N6IRN