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Re: Missing Feed Gear Bolt

 

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??? ??? I'm not sure how the banjo is set up on a Craftsman but can't ya use a standard bolt & just grind down the head til it fits in the depression/slot on the banjo?

??? ??? animal

On 1/28/2019 10:11 AM, Jody wrote:

My feed rate gearing is set at 0.0035" and I comfirmed that last night.? I was turning some stainless with a carbide index cutter and the finish was awful.? As a novice I'm still learning my metals and cutting rates, so it is an experiment half them time.? But I'm learning to pay attention to the cutting rate tables.? Anywhoo.

I wanted to reduce the feed to the slowest rate (Is it 0.00187?) and pulled out the MOLO and looked at the gear chart.? This would've been the first time I've changed gears since getting the rebuild done last year or so.? The figure of the gear arrangement showed 3 gears on the banjo.? Well I only have 2 bolts to hold the gear on.

I put the gears back in the position they were in when I first got the lathe from my dad, so never noticed I'm missing a gear bolt till last night.

The gear bolts have a thicker head on them versus a carriage bolt, will I be OK using a carriage bolt??
I don't see why not since there isn't tension on the fastener.

Just want to see if you guys thought that was OK.? I don't even know if you can find a bolt like the one on the lathe.
Thanks,
Jody
_._,_._,_



Re: Missing Feed Gear Bolt

 

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Hi Jody ,

There are a couple of factors to take into account when cutting stainless . .?

> It work hardens easily

> One needs to CUT , not rub . . .

> The cutting speed must be such that it doesn’t get hot . . .

> It needs to be liberally lubricated . . .

Not nice stuff to practice with :>( !

?

Take care ,

?

Carvel

?

From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Jody
Sent: 28 January 2019 08:12 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: [atlas-craftsman IO] Missing Feed Gear Bolt

?

My feed rate gearing is set at 0.0035" and I comfirmed that last night.? I was turning some stainless with a carbide index cutter and the finish was awful.? As a novice I'm still learning my metals and cutting rates, so it is an experiment half them time.? But I'm learning to pay attention to the cutting rate tables.? Anywhoo.

I wanted to reduce the feed to the slowest rate (Is it 0.00187?) and pulled out the MOLO and looked at the gear chart.? This would've been the first time I've changed gears since getting the rebuild done last year or so.? The figure of the gear arrangement showed 3 gears on the banjo.? Well I only have 2 bolts to hold the gear on.

I put the gears back in the position they were in when I first got the lathe from my dad, so never noticed I'm missing a gear bolt till last night.

The gear bolts have a thicker head on them versus a carriage bolt, will I be OK using a carriage bolt??
I don't see why not since there isn't tension on the fastener.

Just want to see if you guys thought that was OK.? I don't even know if you can find a bolt like the one on the lathe.
Thanks,
Jody


Re: Concern with my Spindle

 

Robert,
I think it is all coming out of the front dust cover.? Which makes sense because the riding bearing surface is angled towards the chuck so you would expect it to follow the bearing and bearing surface.
I'm wondering if I had a burr on the dust cover when I reinstalled it and it has a little gap for the oil to flow through.

it's weird that without the felt, the oil runs out immediately but with the felt it runs out 3x slower than the rear oil cup with felt.?
-Jody


Re: Concern with my Spindle

 

Jon,
The oil is that really lightweight thin oil that several recommended on here for the Timkem bearings. ? As far as "immediately"....I mean immediately.? I can't fill the cup up because it runs out so fast.
I would assume the OEM would've had some sort of wick in the oil cups to slowly drip the oil.? I agree with you on the total loss system and the purpose of applying oil each time it is used.
-Jody


Missing Feed Gear Bolt

 

My feed rate gearing is set at 0.0035" and I comfirmed that last night.? I was turning some stainless with a carbide index cutter and the finish was awful.? As a novice I'm still learning my metals and cutting rates, so it is an experiment half them time.? But I'm learning to pay attention to the cutting rate tables.? Anywhoo.

I wanted to reduce the feed to the slowest rate (Is it 0.00187?) and pulled out the MOLO and looked at the gear chart.? This would've been the first time I've changed gears since getting the rebuild done last year or so.? The figure of the gear arrangement showed 3 gears on the banjo.? Well I only have 2 bolts to hold the gear on.

I put the gears back in the position they were in when I first got the lathe from my dad, so never noticed I'm missing a gear bolt till last night.

The gear bolts have a thicker head on them versus a carriage bolt, will I be OK using a carriage bolt??
I don't see why not since there isn't tension on the fastener.

Just want to see if you guys thought that was OK.? I don't even know if you can find a bolt like the one on the lathe.
Thanks,
Jody


Re: Experience, was Re: Feed rate increase and crazy thread milling, just for fun

 

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Guys, please keep your medical advice off the list.?

People are free to take or avoid medical treatment, as they please. Consequences go with those choices; live or die, get better or not.?

The only time medical advice belongs on this list is if you can machine those meds into something different.

There is WebMD and some others for medical research, if you need it.?


From: [email protected] <[email protected]> on behalf of Leon Robinson <leon-robinson@...>
Sent: Monday, January 28, 2019 12:32 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [atlas-craftsman IO] Experience, was Re: Feed rate increase and crazy thread milling, just for fun
?
Now the other side of the Levaquin coin.

I took it as prescribed for 3 days, got up during the night to go to
the bathroom, didn't get 1 step and slid into the floor ripping a toenail
off OUCH.

My wife got the instruction sheet and started reading off the side effects.
I had every one listed to some degree.

I will never take it again.


Leon Robinson ?? K5JLR

Political Correctness is a Political Disease.

Politicians and Diapers should be changed
often and for the same reasons.


On Monday, January 28, 2019, 10:56:08 AM CST, Jon Elson <elson@...> wrote:


On 01/27/2019 10:33 PM, Jody wrote:
Bill,
That is great news about your wife.? I'm glad to hear it isn't cancer and I can imagine you guys are super glad.
Hope the infection susides.

Yes!? I just wanted to comment that the warnings on the antibiotics may be scary, but the flouroqinolone group of antibiotics (Cipro and Levaquin are some of the top ones) are TRULY wonder drugs.? I had pneumonia a decade ago, and was heading slowly toward serious system-wide damage when I finally got my doctor to tell me I should go to the ER.? I had been feeling incredibly bad for a week, barely getting out of bed or eating, but wasn't out of breath,
even when walking around.? Within HOURS of getting Levaquin, my appetite was back, and then it took a couple days for the fever, etc. to finally go away.? So, if she needs antibiotics, GET THEM!
Some of these infections can REALLY kill you in an insidious way!? You won't realize how sick you were until the antibiotic wipes out the bug and you start to recover.

Jon


Re: Experience, was Re: Feed rate increase and crazy thread milling, just for fun

 

Now the other side of the Levaquin coin.

I took it as prescribed for 3 days, got up during the night to go to
the bathroom, didn't get 1 step and slid into the floor ripping a toenail
off OUCH.

My wife got the instruction sheet and started reading off the side effects.
I had every one listed to some degree.

I will never take it again.


Leon Robinson ?? K5JLR

Political Correctness is a Political Disease.

Politicians and Diapers should be changed
often and for the same reasons.


On Monday, January 28, 2019, 10:56:08 AM CST, Jon Elson <elson@...> wrote:


On 01/27/2019 10:33 PM, Jody wrote:
Bill,
That is great news about your wife.? I'm glad to hear it isn't cancer and I can imagine you guys are super glad.
Hope the infection susides.

Yes!? I just wanted to comment that the warnings on the antibiotics may be scary, but the flouroqinolone group of antibiotics (Cipro and Levaquin are some of the top ones) are TRULY wonder drugs.? I had pneumonia a decade ago, and was heading slowly toward serious system-wide damage when I finally got my doctor to tell me I should go to the ER.? I had been feeling incredibly bad for a week, barely getting out of bed or eating, but wasn't out of breath,
even when walking around.? Within HOURS of getting Levaquin, my appetite was back, and then it took a couple days for the fever, etc. to finally go away.? So, if she needs antibiotics, GET THEM!
Some of these infections can REALLY kill you in an insidious way!? You won't realize how sick you were until the antibiotic wipes out the bug and you start to recover.

Jon


Re: Welcome to [email protected]

Don Newbold
 

It is 023653.

Don


On 1/27/2019 12:50 AM, Robert Downs via Groups.Io wrote:
Is the 618’s serial number 023653 or 028653?

Robert Downs

*From:*[email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] *On
Behalf Of *Don Newbold
*Sent:* Wednesday, January 23, 2019 11:14
*To:* [email protected]
*Subject:* Re: [atlas-craftsman IO] Welcome to [email protected]

Thanks for the warm welcome.

Here are a couple photos of their current condition.
The Atlas is complete and well oiled.
The Sears is covered in saw dust as it had been sitting in a wood shop
for years. There is no id plate, neither on the end nor the back. It is
complete except for a motor.
Both are sitting covered as I try to convert a 50x6 room along the front
of my house from a greenhouse to shop space.

Don


,_._,_



<>
Virus-free. www.avg.com
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Re: Concern with my Spindle

 

开云体育

Probably, but that doesn’t necessarily mean that it does the same out of a 10” or early 12”.? However, although no one has ever commented on this, I can’t see how it wouldn’t.

?

There are two dust covers around each bearing.? Can you see whether or not some oil also comes out of the rear one on the front bearing?? It would be down between the bull gear and the headstock casting.

?

?

Robert Downs

?

From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Jody
Sent: Sunday, January 27, 2019 22:26
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [atlas-craftsman IO] Concern with my Spindle

?

Robert,

So you are correct on dust covers not sealing much. Otherwise the total loss oiling system wouldn't work.

?

So I took the felt out of the front oil cup.? Normally my front oil cup takes 3 to 4 time longer before it empties versus the rear cup.

?

Today I took the.felt out of front cup, filled it with.oil and it immediately emptied.? I did this a few times to see where it goes and it is streaming out of the bottom of the dust cap.

?

Should it empty immediately like that?

-Jody



-------- Original message --------
From: "Robert Downs via Groups.Io" <wa5cab@...>
Date: 1/27/19 2:14 AM (GMT-06:00)
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [atlas-craftsman IO] Concern with my Spindle


I seriously doubt that how well the dust covers seal around the spindle has anything to do with oil flow rate.? In the first place, the dust covers don’t come anywhere close to actually sealing to the spindle.? However, they could be blocking the hole in the top of the headstock.? I have suspected for years that that is the reason for the large imbalance on my 3996.?

?

Are the felts in your oil cups factory or not?? If not, then none of us have any basis for comparison.? I don’t mean to imply that there is automatically something wrong in using locally procured felt.? Just that there would be no basis for comparison.

?

Robert Downs

?

From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Jody
Sent: Wednesday, January 23, 2019 17:36
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [atlas-craftsman IO] Concern with my Spindle

?

?

I'm guessing the oil loss differential from the front to back bearings has to do with the metal dust caps sealing better on one end.

I'm curious if other's oil cups are empty on the spindle each time they use it?
Thanks,
Jody


Re: Welcome to [email protected]

 

开云体育


On 1/28/19 1:16 AM, Robert Downs via Groups.Io wrote:
Yeah. But instead of today someone going to the trouble to convert a
babbit headstock to some automotive split rod bearings, it would be
quicker and cheaper to pick up a Timken bearing headstock and spindle
and transfer the rest of the parts to it.

Yes, I did this, as the Babbit bearings in my first Atlas 10" F-series lathe were REALLY badly worn oval.? You could take shims out, but you couldn't get rid of the oval issue.? Oil would run out of the bearing as fast as you could put it in.? And, at that time, I was not skilled enough to know how to scrape in the bearings for alignment.? (I could do that now, of course, and I have the instruments to do it with.)

Going to a Timken headstock fixed a BUNCH of problems on the lathe, such as chatter and turning tapers when you didn't want to.

Jon


Re: Experience, was Re: Feed rate increase and crazy thread milling, just for fun

 

开云体育

On 01/27/2019 10:33 PM, Jody wrote:
Bill,
That is great news about your wife.? I'm glad to hear it isn't cancer and I can imagine you guys are super glad.
Hope the infection susides.

Yes!? I just wanted to comment that the warnings on the antibiotics may be scary, but the flouroqinolone group of antibiotics (Cipro and Levaquin are some of the top ones) are TRULY wonder drugs.? I had pneumonia a decade ago, and was heading slowly toward serious system-wide damage when I finally got my doctor to tell me I should go to the ER.? I had been feeling incredibly bad for a week, barely getting out of bed or eating, but wasn't out of breath,
even when walking around.? Within HOURS of getting Levaquin, my appetite was back, and then it took a couple days for the fever, etc. to finally go away.? So, if she needs antibiotics, GET THEM!
Some of these infections can REALLY kill you in an insidious way!? You won't realize how sick you were until the antibiotic wipes out the bug and you start to recover.

Jon


Re: Concern with my Spindle

 

开云体育

On 01/27/2019 10:26 PM, Jody wrote:
Robert,
So you are correct on dust covers not sealing much. Otherwise the total loss oiling system wouldn't work.

So I took the felt out of the front oil cup.? Normally my front oil cup takes 3 to 4 time longer before it empties versus the rear cup.

Today I took the.felt out of front cup, filled it with.oil and it immediately emptied.? I did this a few times to see where it goes and it is streaming out of the bottom of the dust cap.

Should it empty immediately like that?

Well, what weight oil, and exactly how fast is "immediately"?? This would be in indication of badly worn bearings in a Babbit bearing lathe.? But, the Timken bearings are exactly supposed to do this.? There is really no reason to provide continuous oil drip on the Timken bearings.? The spacer that keeps the rollers evenly spaced has lots of little nooks that retain a film of oil.

The felts may be more to trap chips and dirt from entering the bearings more than a flow control mechanism.? The frequent application of oil is not to provide lubrication so much as to flush out any dirt that gets in past the dust caps.? Or, at least that's my take on it.

Jon


Re: Welcome to [email protected]

 

Or you could do as I did and buy a Timken headstock, thick way,
QC lathe from the Git-Go! The advantage postulated for a conversion to
thinwall bearings was the larger spindle bore! Bill in Boulder CO USA


On 1/28/19 1:16 AM, Robert Downs via Groups.Io wrote:
Yeah. But instead of today someone going to the trouble to convert a
babbit headstock to some automotive split rod bearings, it would be
quicker and cheaper to pick up a Timken bearing headstock and spindle
and transfer the rest of the parts to it.


Re: new guy - old 618

 

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??? ??? Robert, based on the number of articles in Popular Mechanics from the 30's and early 40's there would have been some number of hobbyists using lathes in that period. During WWII there was a government effort to enlist these people into taking on war effort subcontracts making parts.?? Bill in Boulder CO USA

On 1/28/19 12:29 AM, Robert Downs via Groups.Io wrote:

Also, the 9”, 10” and 6” were not originally intended for hobbyists.? Although they cost less than the Clausing and South Bend lathes, they still cost more than a weeks pay for most US residents.? The hobby market didn’t take off until after WW-II when people began to have a little extra cash each week.? The only private individuals who could afford one during the Depression were rich ones primarily in the North East.? And during WW-II, even they couldn’t buy one unless they bribed some official.

?


Re: Welcome to [email protected]

 

开云体育

Or make your own . . . .

My first Atlas lathe was a well used 10D , and the shop it came from had had phosphor bronze bearing shells made for it , and it was surprisingly accurate . . . . served me well until replaced by the TH42 with QCGB which I inherited from my late Dad . . .

Regards,

?

Carvel

?

From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Robert Downs via Groups.Io
Sent: 28 January 2019 10:17 AM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [atlas-craftsman IO] Welcome to [email protected]

?

Yeah.? But instead of today someone going to the trouble to convert a babbit headstock to some automotive split rod bearings, it would be quicker and cheaper to pick up a Timken bearing headstock and spindle and transfer the rest of the parts to it.

?

Robert Downs

?

From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Bill Williams
Sent: Saturday, January 26, 2019 13:49
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [atlas-craftsman IO] Welcome to [email protected]

?

Robert, you pose a very interesting question here. Other than
basic conservationism on the part of customers and producers I do not
see why! But then the basic design of our lathes was done in an era when
Chevrolet still had poured babbitt connecting rod bearings! This would
be a thought for upgrading an older poured babbitt headstock with a
larger spindle, bigger through hole and trimetal insert bearings! Bill
in Boulder

On 1/26/19 11:57 AM, Robert Downs via Groups.Io wrote:

They are similar to the bearings used in most automotive and aircraft
engines except that most of those built since sometime between 1900
and 1920 have replaceable steel backed bearing halves.? Why Atlas,
South Bend and many other makers didn’t do that, I don’t know.


Re: Welcome to [email protected]

 

开云体育

There is a photo of the Atlas factory line boring setup in the Copyright 1937 MOLO’s.

?

Robert Downs

?

From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Charles
Sent: Saturday, January 26, 2019 20:55
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [atlas-craftsman IO] Welcome to [email protected]

?

I have one of those in my 53 Chevy Advance Design truck. ? A marvel of Rube Goldberg style engineering. ? There is another intermediate style of shell bearing as used on my 47 Allis Chalmers tractor. ?It has a very thick babbitt layer. ?You have to shim them. As they wear you remove shims. ?

?

As regards machine companies sticking with poured Babbitt bearings until rolling bearings replaced them rather than using inserts, it makes sense. ?Inserts allowed unskilled mechanics to swap out a bearing rather than have a machinist pour and scrape in a bearing. ?If the machine was in a machine shop, not much advantage, since pouring and scraping Babbitt bearings was a standard service. ?I have never heard of a babbitt bearing being line bored before but it makes sense. ?How I learned was wedging the caps, building a dam, smoking and blocking the shaft up and pouring the Babbitt, then scraping it in, shimming the cap then your done. ?Have never done it for a lathe, just power hammers. ?

?

Charles


On Jan 26, 2019, at 7:19 PM, Bill Williams <BWMSBLDR1@...> wrote:

??? ??? True but not the old Chevrolet "Splash and Hope" rod bearings! Pressure feed to them came only with the 235 CID "Powerglide" motor in the 50's.?? Bill in Boulder CO USA

On 1/26/19 2:42 PM, Dave Matticks wrote:

Automotive and aircraft plain bearings also have pressurized lubrication.?

Dave?

?

?

?

Sent from my T-Mobile 4G LTE Device

?

-------- Original message --------

From: Bill Williams <BWMSBLDR1@...>

Date: 1/26/19 13:49 (GMT-06:00)

Subject: Re: [atlas-craftsman IO] Welcome to [email protected]

?

Robert, you pose a very interesting question here. Other than
basic conservationism on the part of customers and producers I do not
see why! But then the basic design of our lathes was done in an era when
Chevrolet still had poured babbitt connecting rod bearings! This would
be a thought for upgrading an older poured babbitt headstock with a
larger spindle, bigger through hole and trimetal insert bearings! Bill
in Boulder

On 1/26/19 11:57 AM, Robert Downs via Groups.Io wrote:

They are similar to the bearings used in most automotive and aircraft
engines except that most of those built since sometime between 1900
and 1920 have replaceable steel backed bearing halves.? Why Atlas,
South Bend and many other makers didn’t do that, I don’t know.


Re: Welcome to [email protected]

 

开云体育

Most lawnmower engines don’t.

?

Robert Downs

?

From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Dave Matticks
Sent: Saturday, January 26, 2019 15:43
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [atlas-craftsman IO] Welcome to [email protected]

?

Automotive and aircraft plain bearings also have pressurized lubrication.?

Dave?

?

?

?

Sent from my T-Mobile 4G LTE Device

?

-------- Original message --------

From: Bill Williams <BWMSBLDR1@...>

Date: 1/26/19 13:49 (GMT-06:00)

Subject: Re: [atlas-craftsman IO] Welcome to [email protected]

?

Robert, you pose a very interesting question here. Other than
basic conservationism on the part of customers and producers I do not
see why! But then the basic design of our lathes was done in an era when
Chevrolet still had poured babbitt connecting rod bearings! This would
be a thought for upgrading an older poured babbitt headstock with a
larger spindle, bigger through hole and trimetal insert bearings! Bill
in Boulder

On 1/26/19 11:57 AM, Robert Downs via Groups.Io wrote:

They are similar to the bearings used in most automotive and aircraft
engines except that most of those built since sometime between 1900
and 1920 have replaceable steel backed bearing halves.? Why Atlas,
South Bend and many other makers didn’t do that, I don’t know.


Re: Welcome to [email protected]

 

开云体育

Yeah.? But instead of today someone going to the trouble to convert a babbit headstock to some automotive split rod bearings, it would be quicker and cheaper to pick up a Timken bearing headstock and spindle and transfer the rest of the parts to it.

?

Robert Downs

?

From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Bill Williams
Sent: Saturday, January 26, 2019 13:49
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [atlas-craftsman IO] Welcome to [email protected]

?

Robert, you pose a very interesting question here. Other than
basic conservationism on the part of customers and producers I do not
see why! But then the basic design of our lathes was done in an era when
Chevrolet still had poured babbitt connecting rod bearings! This would
be a thought for upgrading an older poured babbitt headstock with a
larger spindle, bigger through hole and trimetal insert bearings! Bill
in Boulder

On 1/26/19 11:57 AM, Robert Downs via Groups.Io wrote:

They are similar to the bearings used in most automotive and aircraft
engines except that most of those built since sometime between 1900
and 1920 have replaceable steel backed bearing halves.? Why Atlas,
South Bend and many other makers didn’t do that, I don’t know.


Re: new guy - old 618

 

开云体育

The M6-114 collar should not be removed from the lead screw.? If push comes to shove, you can remove the L2-682 Collar and M6-16 right lead screw bearing, remove the other gears from the M6-25 Bracket, remove the two bolts holding the Mt-27 left lead screw bearing,, and pull the lead screw assembly through the half nuts to the left and off of the lathe.? Loosen the M6-88 Nut.? I think that you already removed the hex cap screw and spacer from the left end of the lead screw.? You can then put the remaining parts in a hydraulic press and push the lead screw through the gear until the single Woodruff key touches the left bearing.? That should be enough to break the gear loose.? If not, work it back and forth until it loosens up enough to come off.

?

Robert Downs

?

From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of David Beierl
Sent: Friday, January 25, 2019 22:38
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [atlas-craftsman IO] new guy - old 618

?

Thank you all. Can anyone who is familiar advise how the leadscrew drive gear is removed? It appears as though it should slide off, yet doesn't. there is a collar between the gear and the bearing, which I've recently discovered has a pin in it, but I can't imagine that the pin would need to be driven out for a routine gear change.
Maybe it's time for some mild persuasion like a propane torch??

?

It's supposed to be a very close hand fit, but some of mine are (were) quite tight and needed a light touch with abrasive paper not to stick.? Suggest gentle prying with a screwdriver using the collar as a fulcrum? If you use any heat remember the gears are Zamak (zinc alloy) and soften with comparatively little heat.

?

Yrs,

d

?


Re: new guy - old 618

 

开云体育

No, that isn’t true.? Atlas designed and built the 9” Compound Drive lathe with babbit bearings and then in 1932 worked a deal for Sears to also sell them with some minor changes that Sears apparently requested.? The 9” does not appear to have ever been offered with Timken bearings.

?

Also, the 9”, 10” and 6” were not originally intended for hobbyists.? Although they cost less than the Clausing and South Bend lathes, they still cost more than a weeks pay for most US residents.? The hobby market didn’t take off until after WW-II when people began to have a little extra cash each week.? The only private individuals who could afford one during the Depression were rich ones primarily in the North East.? And during WW-II, even they couldn’t buy one unless they bribed some official.

?

Robert Downs

?

From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of brokenwrench1 .
Sent: Friday, January 25, 2019 15:33
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [atlas-craftsman IO] new guy - old 618

?

?from what i read? the atlas came out with timkens first and sears wanted to keep the price down and stuck with bushings unless ordered with timkens... the 618 was prmarily a hobby lathe but also was marketed to service repair shops to re surface armatures in starters and generators..