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Does the radio work?
The value for BFO should be around 999850 (near 10mhz), not zero.

Some update: I flashed Sunils code again which was sent to me over email.
However, this time, I flushed the EEPROM of the MCU before flashing his code


Frequency defaulted to 14Mhz, Default BFO was 0Hz
Now the BFO is independent of VFO!

now the VFO and BFO are indepentendt...Looks like some wrong values in EEPROM were probably screwing things up.
Heres the code to nullify the EEPROM for the people who can not nullify the MCU with ICSP.
NOTE: IF YOU BRICK YOUR BOOTLOADER THEN ICSP FLASHING IS ESSENTIAL.

#include <EEPROM.h>
void setup()
{
// write a 0 to all 4096 bytes of the EEPROM
for (int i = 0; i < 4096; i++)
EEPROM.write(i, 0);

delay(9999999);
}

void loop()
{
}

The Ungar desoldering iron also works well

Gerry

Sent by the Thunderbird

Try this on your Easy Bitx.

Unzip the attached project directory.
Navigate to that project in the Arduino IDE, compile and download to your Nano.
I believe it will just work.

No need to install the appropriate Si5351 library or Rotary library, they are included in the project directory.
The ino file from Sunil does not have "Earnest" in it.
It compiles on my linux host computer, but I have no Easy Bitx to test it on.
I assume the local Si5351.cpp file from 2015 in the work directory will have precedence
over any more current Si5351 library you already have installed.
There is no revision control on changes in the Rotary library on github, I'm hoping the current version just works.

My best guess is that you saw the BFO moving because you had the wrong version of the Si5351 library.

Best Regards,
Jerry, KE7ER

Jerry,

I have tried both the stand-alone tool like that as well as one built into a soldering iron.? I have better luck with the bulb.? It seems to always take more than one pass, and the bulb is a simple pump clear over the box and then press and apply.? Quicker than the reloading of the spring pump each time.

Your experience differed, and that is OK. To each his own.
73
Evan
AC9TU

All,

If you're serious about desoldering things, the tool to have is the
"Edsyn Soldapult". You heat the joint with your soldering iron - when it
melts, you plop the tip of the soldapult right on it, push the button, and
*WHAM* - clean joint.

I have desoldered thousands of joints with those things, and IMHO there is
nothing better. Get the real one, not a knockoff.

- Jerry KF6VB

HI, I can not find the link of sketches uploaded here.

Can you please share the CRC value so that I can compare with the one I have over email sent by Sunil?

Sure, I will be uploading that code. However i am getting done with a few glitches...May be you can help?
/**
?? Raduino_v2.04 for BITX40 - Allard Munters PE1NWL (pe1nwl@...)

?? This source file is under General Public License version 3.

?? Most source code are meant to be understood by the compilers and the computers.
?? Code that has to be hackable needs to be well understood and properly documented.
?? Donald Knuth coined the term Literate Programming to indicate code that is written be
?? easily read and understood.

?? The Raduino is a small board that includes the Arduino Nano, a 16x2 LCD display and
?? an Si5351a frequency synthesizer. This board is manufactured by Paradigm Ecomm Pvt Ltd.

?? To learn more about Arduino you may visit www.arduino.cc.

?? The Arduino works by first executing the code in a routine called setup() and then it
?? repeatedly keeps calling loop() forever. All the initialization code is kept in setup()
?? and code to continuously sense the tuning knob, the function button, transmit/receive,
?? etc is all in the loop() routine. If you wish to study the code top down, then scroll
?? to the bottom of this file and read your way up.

?? First we define all user parameters. The parameter values can be changed by the user
?? via SETTINGS menu, and are stored in EEPROM.
?? The parameters values will be set to initial 'factory' settings after each
?? version upgrade, or when the Function Button is kept pressed during power on.
?? It is also possible to manually edit the values below. After that, initialize the
?? settings to the new values by keeping the F-Button pressed during power on.
*/

// *** USER PARAMETERS ***
#define MY_CALLSIGN ""??????????? // callsign here will display on line 2 when otherwise blank (tks Richard, VE3YSH)
#define FAST_TUNE_DELAY 300?????? // fast tuning step delay in ms (when tuning pot is at the upper or lower limit)(tks Bob, N4FV)

// tuning range parameters
#define MIN_FREQ 14000000UL??????? // absolute minimum tuning frequency in Hz //SIMRAN: SET YOUR RANGE HERE//
#define MAX_FREQ 14300000UL??????? // absolute maximum tuning frequency in Hz// SIMRAN: SET YOUR FINAL MAX FREQ RANGE HERE//

#define TUNING_POT_SPAN 50??????? // tuning pot span in kHz [accepted range 10-500 kHz]
// recommended pot span for a 1-turn pot: 50kHz, for a 10-turn pot: 100 to 200kHz
// recommended pot span when radio is used mainly for CW: 10 to 25 kHz

// USB/LSB parameters
#define CAL_VALUE 1575??????????? // Initial VFO calibration value: 180 ppm
#define BFO_OFFSET_USB -2200????? // BFO offset for USB in Hz [accepted range -3500Hz to -1250Hz]
#define BFO_OFFSET_CWL -130?????? // BFO offset for CWL in Hz [accepted range -750 Hz to 0Hz]
#define BFO_OFFSET_CWU -2070????? // BFO offset for CWU in Hz [accepted range -3500Hz to -500Hz]

// CW parameters
#define CW_SHIFT 800????????????? // RX shift in CW mode in Hz, equal to sidetone pitch [accepted range 200-1200 Hz]
#define SEMI_QSK true???????????? // whether we use semi-QSK (true) or manual PTT (false)
#define CW_TIMEOUT 350??????????? // time delay in ms before radio goes back to receive [accepted range 10-1000 ms]

// CW keyer parameters
#define CW_KEY_TYPE 0???????????? // type of CW-key (0:straight, 1:paddle, 2:rev. paddle, 3:bug, 4:rev. bug)
#define CW_SPEED 16?????????????? // CW keyer speed in words per minute [accepted range 1-50 WPM]
#define AUTOSPACE false?????????? // whether or not auto-space is enabled [accepted values: true or false]
#define DIT_DELAY 5?????????????? // debounce delay (ms) for DIT contact (affects the DIT paddle sensitivity)
#define DAH_DELAY 15????????????? // debounce delay (ms) for DAH contact (affects the DAH paddle sensitivity)

// Capacitive touch keyer
#define CAP_SENSITIVITY 0???????? // capacitive touch keyer sensitivity 0 (OFF) [accepted range 0-25]

// frequency scanning parameters
#define SCAN_START 1400?????????? // Scan start frequency in kHz [accepted range MIN_FREQ - MAX_FREQ, see above]
#define SCAN_STOP 14300??????????? // Scan stop frequency in kHz [accepted range SCAN_START - MAX_FREQ, see above]
#define SCAN_STEP 1000??????????? // Scan step size in Hz [accepted range 50Hz to 10000Hz]
#define SCAN_STEP_DELAY 500?????? // Scan step delay in ms [accepted range 0-2000 ms]

// Function Button
#define CLICK_DELAY 1500????????? // max time (in ms) between function button clicks

// RX-TX burst prevention
#define TX_DELAY 65?????????????? // delay (ms) to prevent spurious burst that is emitted when switching from RX to TX

// digital BFO
#define BFOFREQ (9997469UL)????? // initial (uncalibrated) BFO frequency (Hz)// SIMRAN: SET SUNIL BFO for 20mt

// all variables that will be stored in EEPROM are contained in this 'struct':
struct userparameters {
? byte raduino_version;??????????????????????????? // version identifier
? int cal = CAL_VALUE;???????????????????????????? // VFO calibration value
? unsigned long bfo_freq = BFOFREQ;??????????????? // BFO frequency (Hz) for LSB mode
? int bfo_offset_usb = BFO_OFFSET_USB;???????????? // BFO offset in Hz for USB mode
? int bfo_offset_cwl = BFO_OFFSET_CWL;???????????? // BFO offset in Hz for CWL mode
? int bfo_offset_cwu = BFO_OFFSET_CWU;???????????? // BFO offset in Hz for CWU mode
? bool PBT_enabled = false;??????????????????????? // whether or not the PBT pot is installed
? byte wpm = CW_SPEED;???????????????????????????? // CW keyer speed (words per minute)
? bool semiQSK = SEMI_QSK;???????????????????????? // whether semi QSK is ON or OFF
? unsigned int POT_SPAN = TUNING_POT_SPAN;???????? // tuning pot span (kHz)
? unsigned int CW_OFFSET = CW_SHIFT;?????????????? // RX shift (Hz) in CW mode, equal to side tone pitch
? unsigned long vfoA = 7125000UL;????????????????? // frequency of VFO A
? unsigned long vfoB = 7125000UL;????????????????? // frequency of VFO B
? byte mode_A = 0;???????????????????????????????? // operating mode of VFO A
? byte mode_B = 0;???????????????????????????????? // operating mode of VFO B
? bool vfoActive = false;????????????????????????? // currently active VFO (A = false, B = true)
? bool splitOn = false;??????????????????????????? // whether SPLIT is ON or OFF
? unsigned int scan_start_freq = SCAN_START;?????? // scan start frequency (kHz)
? unsigned int scan_stop_freq = SCAN_STOP;???????? // scan stop frequency (kHz)
? unsigned int scan_step_freq = SCAN_STEP;???????? // scan step size (Hz)
? unsigned int scan_step_delay = SCAN_STEP_DELAY;? // scan step delay (ms)
? unsigned int QSK_DELAY = CW_TIMEOUT;???????????? // word [accepted range 10-1000 ms]
? byte key_type = CW_KEY_TYPE;???????????????????? // CW key type (0:straight, 1:paddle, 2:rev. paddle, 3:bug, 4:rev. bug)
? unsigned long LOWEST_FREQ = MIN_FREQ;??????????? // absolute minimum dial frequency (Hz)
? unsigned long HIGHEST_FREQ = MAX_FREQ;?????????? // absolute maximum dial frequency (Hz)
? bool autospace = AUTOSPACE;????????????????????? // whether auto character space is ON or OFF
? byte cap_sens = CAP_SENSITIVITY;???????????????? // sensitivity of the touch keyer sensors
? bool vfo_high = true;??????????????????????????? // whether the VFO is on the high side (true) or on the low side (false) of the IF
};

// we can access each of the variables inside the above struct by "u.variablename"
struct userparameters u;

/**
?? Below are the libraries to be included for building the Raduino
?? The EEPROM library is used to store settings like the frequency memory, calibration data, etc.
*/

#include <EEPROM.h>

/**
??? The Wire.h library is used to talk to the Si5351 and we also declare an instance of
??? Si5351 object to control the clocks.
*/
#include <Wire.h>

/**
??? The PinChangeInterrupt.h library is used for handling interrupts
*/
#include <PinChangeInterrupt.h> // https://github.com/NicoHood/PinChangeInterrupt

/**
??? The main chip which generates upto three oscillators of various frequencies in the
??? Raduino is the Si5351a. To learn more about Si5351a you can download the datasheet
??? from www.silabs.com although, strictly speaking it is not a requirement to understand this code.

??? We no longer use the standard SI5351 library because of its huge overhead due to many unused
??? features consuming a lot of program space. Instead of depending on an external library we now use
??? Jerry Gaffke's, KE7ER, lightweight standalone mimimalist "si5351bx" routines (see further down the
??? code). Here are some defines and declarations used by Jerry's routines:
*/

#define BB0(x) ((uint8_t)x)???????????? // Bust int32 into Bytes
#define BB1(x) ((uint8_t)(x>>8))
#define BB2(x) ((uint8_t)(x>>16))

#define SI5351BX_ADDR 0x60????????????? // I2C address of Si5351?? (typical)
#define SI5351BX_XTALPF 2?????????????? // 1:6pf? 2:8pf? 3:10pf

// If using 27mhz crystal, set XTAL=27000000, MSA=33.? Then vco=891mhz
#define SI5351BX_XTAL 25000000????????? // Crystal freq in Hz
#define SI5351BX_MSA? 35??????????????? // VCOA is at 25mhz*35 = 875mhz

// User program may have reason to poke new values into these 3 RAM variables
uint32_t si5351bx_vcoa = (SI5351BX_XTAL*SI5351BX_MSA);? // 25mhzXtal calibrate
uint8_t? si5351bx_rdiv = 0;???????????? // 0-7, CLK pin sees fout/(2**rdiv)
uint8_t? si5351bx_drive[3] = {1, 1, 1}; // 0=2ma 1=4ma 2=6ma 3=8ma for CLK 0,1,2
uint8_t? si5351bx_clken = 0xFF;???????? // Private, all CLK output drivers off

/**
?? The Raduino board is the size of a standard 16x2 LCD panel. It has three connectors:

?? First, is an 8 pin connector that provides +5v, GND and six analog input pins that can also be
?? configured to be used as digital input or output pins. These are referred to as A0,A1,A2,
?? A3,A6 and A7 pins. The A4 and A5 pins are missing from this connector as they are used to
?? talk to the Si5351 over I2C protocol.

??? A0???? A1?? A2?? A3??? GND??? +5V?? A6?? A7
?? BLACK BROWN RED ORANGE YELLOW GREEN BLUE VIOLET? (same color coding as used for resistors)

?? Second is a 16 pin LCD connector. This connector is meant specifically for the standard 16x2
?? LCD display in 4 bit mode. The 4 bit mode requires 4 data lines and two control lines to work:
?? Lines used are : RESET, ENABLE, D4, D5, D6, D7
?? We include the library and declare the configuration of the LCD panel too
*/

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(5,6,7,8,9,10); //SIMRAN:SUNILS LCD INTERFACE PINOUT IS 5,6,7,8,9,10

/**
?? The Arduino, unlike C/C++ on a regular computer with gigabytes of RAM, has very little memory.
?? We have to be very careful with variables that are declared inside the functions as they are
?? created in a memory region called the stack. The stack has just a few bytes of space on the Arduino
?? if you declare large strings inside functions, they can easily exceed the capacity of the stack
?? and mess up your programs.
?? We circumvent this by declaring a few global buffers as? kitchen counters where we can
?? slice and dice our strings. These strings are mostly used to control the display or handle
?? the input and output from the USB port. We must keep a count of the bytes used while reading
?? the serial port as we can easily run out of buffer space. This is done in the serial_in_count variable.
*/

char c[17], b[10], printBuff[2][17];

/**
?? We need to carefully pick assignment of pin for various purposes.
?? There are two sets of completely programmable pins on the Raduino.
?? First, on the top of the board, in line with the LCD connector is an 8-pin connector
?? that is largely meant for analog inputs and front-panel control. It has a regulated 5v output,
?? ground and six pins. Each of these six pins can be individually programmed
?? either as an analog input, a digital input or a digital output.
?? The pins are assigned as follows:
????????? A0,?? A1,? A2,? A3,?? GND,?? +5V,? A6,? A7
?????? pin 8???? 7??? 6??? 5???? 4?????? 3??? 2??? 1 (connector P1)
??????? BLACK BROWN RED ORANGE YELLW? GREEN? BLUE VIOLET
??????? (while holding the board up so that back of the board faces you)

?? Though, this can be assigned anyway, for this application of the Arduino, we will make the following
?? assignment:

?? A0 (digital input) for sensing the PTT. Connect to the output of U3 (LM7805) of the BITX40.
????? This way the A0 input will see 0V (LOW) when PTT is not pressed, +5V (HIGH) when PTT is pressed.
?? A1 (digital input) is to connect to a straight key, or to the 'Dit' contact of a paddle keyer. Open (HIGH) during key up, switch to ground (LOW) during key down.
?? A2 not currently used
?? A3 (digital input) is connected to a push button that can momentarily ground this line. This Function Button will be used to switch between different modes, etc.
?? A4 (already in use for talking to the SI5351)
?? A5 (already in use for talking to the SI5351)
?? A6 (analog input) iis connected to a center pin of good quality 100K or 10K linear potentiometer with the two other ends connected to
?????? ground and +5v lines available on the connector. This implements the PBT mechanism.
?? A7 (analog input) is connected to a center pin of good quality 100K or 10K linear (preferably 10-turn) potentiometer with the two other ends connected to
?????? ground and +5v lines available on the connector. This implements the TUNING mechanism.
*/

#define PTT_SENSE (A0)
#define KEY (A1)
#define FBUTTON (A3)
#define PBT (A6)
#define ANALOG_TUNING (A7)

/**
??? The second set of 16 pins on the bottom connector P3 have the three clock outputs and the digital lines to control the rig.
??? This assignment is as follows :
????? Pin?? 1?? 2??? 3??? 4??? 5??? 6??? 7??? 8??? 9??? 10?? 11?? 12?? 13?? 14?? 15?? 16? (connector P3)
???????? +12V +12V CLK2? GND? GND CLK1? GND? GND? CLK0? GND? D2?? D3?? D4?? D5?? D6?? D7
??? These too are flexible with what you may do with them, for the Raduino, we use them to :

??? output D2 - PULSE : is used for the capacitive touch keyer
??? input D3? - DAH : is connected to the 'Dah' contact of an paddle keyer (switch to ground).
??? input D4? - SPOT : is connected to a push button that can momentarily ground this line. When the SPOT button is pressed a sidetone will be generated for zero beat tuning.
??? output D5 - CW_TONE : Side tone output
??? output D6 - CW_CARRIER line : turns on the carrier for CW
??? output D7 - TX_RX line : Switches between Transmit and Receive in CW mode
*/

#define PULSE (2)
#define DAH (3)
#define SPOT (4)
#define CW_TONE (5)
#define CW_CARRIER (6)
#define TX_RX (7)

bool TXRX_installed = true; // whether or not the TX_RX mod (PTT bypass transistor) is installed (set automatically at startup)

/**
?? The Raduino supports two VFOs : A and B and receiver incremental tuning (RIT).
?? we define a variables to hold the frequency of the two VFOs, RIT, SPLIT
?? the rit offset as well as status of the RIT

?? To use this facility, wire up push button on A3 line of the control connector (Function Button)
*/

bool ritOn = false;???????????? // whether or not the RIT is on
int RIToffset = 0;????????????? // RIT offset (Hz)
int RIT = 0;??????????????????? // actual RIT offset that is applied during RX when RIT is on
int RIT_old;

bool firstrun = true;
char clicks;??????????????????? // counter for function button clicks
bool locked = false;??????????? // whether or not the dial is locked
byte param;

/**
? Raduino has 4 modes of operation:
*/

#define LSB (0)
#define USB (1)
#define CWL (2)
#define CWU (3)

/**
?? Raduino needs to keep track of current state of the transceiver. These are a few variables that do it
*/
unsigned long vfoA;?????????????? // the frequency (Hz) of VFO A
unsigned long vfoB;?????????????? // the frequency (Hz) of VFO B
byte mode = LSB;????????????????? // mode of the currently active VFO
unsigned long bfo_freq;?????????? // the frequency (Hz) of the BFO
bool vfo_high;??????????????????? // whether the VFO is on the low or on the high side of the IF
int PBT_offset = 0;?????????????? // the offset applied to the BFO by the PBT pot
int PBT_offset_old = 0;
bool inTx = false;??????????????? // whether or not we are in transmit mode
bool keyDown = false;???????????? // whether we have a key up or key down
unsigned long TimeOut = 0;??????? // time in ms since last key down
volatile bool TXstart = false;??? // this flag will be set by the ISR as soon as the PTT is keyed

//some variables used for the autokeyer function:

bool keyeron = false;??????? // will be true while auto-keying
unsigned long released = 0;
bool ditlatch = false;
bool dahlatch = false;
byte gap = 1;??????????????? // space between elements (1) or characters (3)
unsigned long dit;
unsigned long dah;
unsigned long space = 0;

// some variable used by the capacitive touch keyer:

bool CapTouch_installed = true;? // whether or not the capacitive touch modification is installed (detected automatically during startup)
byte base_sens_KEY;????????????? // base delay (in us) when DIT pad is NOT touched (measured automatically by touch sensor calibration routine)
byte base_sens_DAH;????????????? // base delay (in us) when DAH pad is NOT touched (measured automatically by touch sensor calibration routine)
bool capaKEY = false;??????????? // true when DIT pad is touched
bool capaDAH = false;??????????? // true when DAH pad is touched

/**
??? Tks Pavel CO7WT:
??? Use pointers for reversing the behaviour of the dit/dah paddles, this way we can simply
??? refer to them as two paddles regardless it's normal or reversed
??? Macros don't like pointers, so we create two byte vars to hold the values
**/

byte _key = KEY;
byte _dah = DAH;
byte *paddleDIT = &_key;???????? // Paddle DIT bind to KEY
byte *paddleDAH = &_dah;???????? // Paddle DAH bind to DAH

/** Tuning Mechanism of the Raduino
??? We use a linear pot that has two ends connected to +5 and the ground. the middle wiper
??? is connected to ANALOG_TUNNING pin. Depending upon the position of the wiper, the
??? reading can be anywhere from 0 to 1023.
??? If we want to use a multi-turn potentiometer covering 500 kHz and a step
??? size of 50 Hz we need 10,000 steps which is about 10x more than the steps that the ADC
??? provides. Arduino's ADC has 10 bits which results in 1024 steps only.
??? We can artificially expand the number of steps by a factor 10 by oversampling 100 times.
??? As a result we get 10240 steps.
??? The tuning control works in steps of 50Hz each for every increment between 0 and 10000.
??? Hence the turning the pot fully from one end to the other will cover 50 x 10000 = 500 KHz.
??? But if we use the standard 1-turn pot, then a tuning range of 500 kHz would be too much.
??? (tuning would become very touchy). In the SETTINGS menu we can limit the pot span
??? depending on the potentiometer used and the band section of interest. Tuning beyond the
??? limits is still possible by the fast 'scan-up' and 'scan-down' mode at the end of the pot.
??? At the two ends, that is, the tuning starts stepping up or down in 10 KHz steps.
??? To stop the scanning the pot is moved back from the edge.
*/

unsigned long baseTune = 14000000UL; // frequency (Hz) when tuning pot is at minimum position //SIMRAN: Set your minimum frequency here
int old_knob = 0;
int RXshift = 0;??????????? // the actual frequency shift that is applied during RX depending on the operation mode
unsigned long frequency;??? // the 'dial' frequency as shown on the display
int fine = 0;?????????????? // fine tune offset (Hz)

/**
?? The raduino has multiple RUN-modes:
*/
#define RUN_NORMAL (0)????? // normal operation
#define RUN_CALIBRATE (1)?? // calibrate VFO frequency in LSB mode
#define RUN_TUNERANGE (2)?? // set the range of the tuning pot
#define RUN_CWOFFSET (3)??? // set the CW offset (=sidetone pitch)
#define RUN_SCAN (4)??????? // frequency scanning mode
#define RUN_SCAN_PARAMS (5) // set scan parameters
#define RUN_MONITOR (6)???? // frequency scanning mode
#define RUN_FINETUNING (7)? // fine tuning mode

byte RUNmode = RUN_NORMAL;

/** ***? SI5315 routines - tks Jerry Gaffke, KE7ER?? ***

?? An minimalist standalone set of Si5351 routines.
?? VCOA is fixed at 875mhz, VCOB not used.
?? The output msynth dividers are used to generate 3 independent clocks
?? with 1hz resolution to any frequency between 4khz and 109mhz.

?? Usage:
?? Call si5351bx_init() once at startup with no args;
?? Call si5351bx_setfreq(clknum, freq) each time one of the
?? three output CLK pins is to be updated to a new frequency.
?? A freq of 0 serves to shut down that output clock.

?? The global variable si5351bx_vcoa starts out equal to the nominal VCOA
?? frequency of 25mhz*35 = 875000000 Hz.? To correct for 25mhz crystal errors,
?? the user can adjust this value.? The vco frequency will not change but
?? the number used for the (a+b/c) output msynth calculations is affected.
?? Example:? We call for a 5mhz signal, but it measures to be 5.001mhz.
?? So the actual vcoa frequency is 875mhz*5.001/5.000 = 875175000 Hz,
?? To correct for this error:???? si5351bx_vcoa=875175000;

?? Most users will never need to generate clocks below 500khz.
?? But it is possible to do so by loading a value between 0 and 7 into
?? the global variable si5351bx_rdiv, be sure to return it to a value of 0
?? before setting some other CLK output pin.? The affected clock will be
?? divided down by a power of two defined by? 2**si5351_rdiv
?? A value of zero gives a divide factor of 1, a value of 7 divides by 128.
?? This lightweight method is a reasonable compromise for a seldom used feature.
*/

void si5351bx_init() {????????????????? // Call once at power-up, start PLLA
? uint8_t reg;? uint32_t msxp1;
? Wire.begin();
? i2cWrite(149, 0);???????????????????? // SpreadSpectrum off
? i2cWrite(3, si5351bx_clken);????????? // Disable all CLK output drivers
? i2cWrite(183, ((SI5351BX_XTALPF << 6) | 0x12)); // Set 25mhz crystal load capacitance (tks Daniel KB3MUN)
? msxp1 = 128 * SI5351BX_MSA - 512;???? // and msxp2=0, msxp3=1, not fractional
? uint8_t? vals[8] = {0, 1, BB2(msxp1), BB1(msxp1), BB0(msxp1), 0, 0, 0};
? i2cWriten(26, vals, 8);?????????????? // Write to 8 PLLA msynth regs
? i2cWrite(177, 0x20);????????????????? // Reset PLLA? (0x80 resets PLLB)
? // for (reg=16; reg<=23; reg++) i2cWrite(reg, 0x80);??? // Powerdown CLK's
? // i2cWrite(187, 0);????????????????? // No fannout of clkin, xtal, ms0, ms4
}

void si5351bx_setfreq(uint8_t clknum, uint32_t fout) {? // Set a CLK to fout Hz
? uint32_t? msa, msb, msc, msxp1, msxp2, msxp3p2top;
? if ((fout < 500000) || (fout > 109000000)) // If clock freq out of range
??? si5351bx_clken |= 1 << clknum;????? //? shut down the clock
? else {
??? msa = si5351bx_vcoa / fout;???? // Integer part of vco/fout
??? msb = si5351bx_vcoa % fout;???? // Fractional part of vco/fout
??? msc = fout;???????????? // Divide by 2 till fits in reg
??? while (msc & 0xfff00000) {
????? msb = msb >> 1;
????? msc = msc >> 1;
??? }
??? msxp1 = (128 * msa + 128 * msb / msc - 512) | (((uint32_t)si5351bx_rdiv) << 20);
??? msxp2 = 128 * msb - 128 * msb / msc * msc; // msxp3 == msc;
??? msxp3p2top = (((msc & 0x0F0000) << 4) | msxp2);???? // 2 top nibbles
??? uint8_t vals[8] = { BB1(msc), BB0(msc), BB2(msxp1), BB1(msxp1),
??????????????????????? BB0(msxp1), BB2(msxp3p2top), BB1(msxp2), BB0(msxp2)
????????????????????? };
??? i2cWriten(42 + (clknum * 8), vals, 8); // Write to 8 msynth regs
??? i2cWrite(16 + clknum, 0x0C | si5351bx_drive[clknum]); // use local msynth
??? si5351bx_clken &= ~(1 << clknum);?? // Clear bit to enable clock
? }
? i2cWrite(3, si5351bx_clken);??????? // Enable/disable clock
}

void i2cWrite(uint8_t reg, uint8_t val) {?? // write reg via i2c
? Wire.beginTransmission(SI5351BX_ADDR);
? Wire.write(reg);
? Wire.write(val);
? Wire.endTransmission();
}

void i2cWriten(uint8_t reg, uint8_t *vals, uint8_t vcnt) {? // write array
? Wire.beginTransmission(SI5351BX_ADDR);
? Wire.write(reg);
? while (vcnt--) Wire.write(*vals++);
? Wire.endTransmission();
}

// * End of Jerry's si5315bx routines **

/**
?? Display Routine
?? This display routine prints a line of characters to the upper or lower line of the 16x2 display
?? linenmbr = 0 is the upper line
?? linenmbr = 1 is the lower line
*/

void printLine(char linenmbr, const char * const c) {
? if (strcmp(c, printBuff[linenmbr])) {???? // only refresh the display when there was a change
??? lcd.setCursor(0, linenmbr);???????????? // place the cursor at the beginning of the selected line
??? lcd.print(c);
??? strcpy(printBuff[linenmbr], c);

??? for (byte i = strlen(c); i < 16; i++) { // add white spaces until the end of the 16 characters line is reached
????? lcd.print(' ');
??? }
? }
}

/**
?? Building upon the previous routine,
?? update Display paints the first line as per current state of the radio
*/

void updateDisplay() {
? // tks Jack Purdum W8TEE
? // replaced fsprint commmands by str commands for code size reduction

? memset(c, 0, sizeof(c));
? memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));

? if (locked || RUNmode == RUN_FINETUNING || RUNmode == RUN_CALIBRATE) {
??? ultoa((frequency + fine), b, DEC); // construct the frequency string
??? strcpy(c, "");
? }
? else {
??? ultoa((frequency + 50), b, DEC); // construct the frequency string
??? if (!u.vfoActive)
????? strcpy(c, "A ");??????? // display which VFO is active (A or B)
??? else
????? strcpy(c, "B ");
? }

? byte p = strlen(b);???????? // the length of the frequency string (<10 Mhz: 7, >10 MHz: 8)

? strncat(c, &b[0], p - 6);?? // display the megahertzes
? strcat(c, ".");
? strncat(c, &b[p - 6], 3);?? // display the kilohertzes
? strcat(c, ".");

? if (locked || RUNmode == RUN_FINETUNING || RUNmode == RUN_CALIBRATE)
??? strncat(c, &b[p - 3], 3); // display the frequency at 1 Hz precision
? else
??? strncat(c, &b[p - 3], 1); // display the frequency at 100 Hz precision

? switch (mode) {???????????? // show the operating mode
??? case LSB:
????? strcat(c, " LSB");
????? break;
??? case USB:
????? strcat(c, " USB");
????? break;
??? case CWL:
????? strcat(c, " CWL");
????? break;
??? case CWU:
????? strcat(c, " CWU");
????? break;
? }

? if (inTx)?????????????????? // show the state (TX, SPLIT, or nothing)
??? strcat(c, " TX");
? else if (u.splitOn)
??? strcat(c, " SP");

? c[16] = '\0';?????????????? // cut off any excess characters (string length is max 16 postions)
? printLine(0, c);??????????? // finally print the constructed string to the first line of the display
}

// routine to generate a bleep sound (FB menu)
void bleep(int pitch, int duration, byte repeat) {
? for (byte i = 0; i < repeat; i++) {
??? tone(CW_TONE, pitch);
??? delay(duration);
??? noTone(CW_TONE);
??? delay(duration);
? }
}

/**
? Use another transceiver to generate a carrier at a known frequency (for example exactly 7100.000 kHz)
? (or ask a friend to transmit a carrier at a known frequency)
??? - first set the VFO to exactly 7100.000 kHz in LSB mode (the received signal may not yet be zero beat at this point)
??? - press the Function Button
??? - using the tuning pot, adjust the correction value (ppm) for exactly zero beat
??? - press the Function Button again to save the setting
??? - ask your friend to transmit an LSB signal without changing the frequency
??? - using the tuning pot, adjust the BFO frequency for a natural sound in LSB mode
??? - press the Function Button again to save the setting
??? - the radio will now switch to USB mode. Ask your friend to do the same without changing the frequency.
??? - using the tuning pot, adjust the BFO frequency for a natural sound in USB mode
??? - press the Function Button again to save the setting
*/

int shift, current_setting;
void calibrate() {
? int knob = analogRead(ANALOG_TUNING); // get the current tuning knob position

? if (firstrun) {
??? switch (param) {
????? case 1: // VFO fine tuning
??????? vfo_high = u.vfo_high; // save the original vfo setting
??????? u.vfo_high = false; // temporarily set the vfo to low side during calibration
??????? RXshift = 0;
??????? mode = LSB;
??????? bfo_freq = u.bfo_freq;
??????? si5351bx_setfreq(0, u.bfo_freq);
??????? u.vfoActive = false;?? // switch to VFO A
??????? vfoA = frequency;
??????? shift = knob;
??????? printLine(1, "VFO fine tuning");
??????? break;
????? case 2: // calibrate the VFO
??????? current_setting = u.cal;
??????? shift = current_setting - knob;
??????? break;
????? case 3: // calibrate BFO for LSB
??????? current_setting = u.bfo_freq;
??????? shift = current_setting - BFOFREQ - knob;
??????? break;
????? case 4: // calibrate BFO for CWL
??????? mode = CWL;
??????? bfo_freq = u.bfo_freq;
??????? current_setting = u.bfo_offset_cwl;
??????? shift = current_setting - knob;
??????? break;
????? case 5: // calibrate BFO for USB
??????? mode = USB;
??????? bfo_freq = u.bfo_freq + u.bfo_offset_usb;
??????? current_setting = u.bfo_offset_usb;
??????? shift = current_setting - knob;
??????? break;
????? case 6: // calibrate BFO for CWU
??????? mode = CWU;
??????? bfo_freq = u.bfo_freq + u.bfo_offset_cwu;
??????? current_setting = u.bfo_offset_cwu;
??????? shift = current_setting - knob;
??????? break;
??? }
? }

? switch (param) {
??? case 1: // fine tune the VFO
????? if (knob < 5)
??????? shift = shift + 10;
????? else if (knob > 1020)
??????? shift = shift - 10;
????? break;
??? case 2: // calibrate VFO
????? u.cal = constrain(knob + shift, -10000, 10000);
????? if (knob < 5 && u.cal > -10000)
??????? shift = shift - 10;
????? else if (knob > 1020 && u.cal < 10000)
??????? shift = shift + 10;
????? break;
??? case 3: // calibrate BFO for LSB
????? //generate values 11997.5 - 12000.0 kHz from the tuning pot
????? bfo_freq = constrain(BFOFREQ + knob + shift, 9997450UL, 12000000UL);
????? if (knob < 5 && bfo_freq > 11997500UL)
??????? shift = shift - 10;
????? else if (knob > 1020 && bfo_freq < 12000000UL)
??????? shift = shift + 10;
????? break;
??? case 4: // calibrate BFO for CWL
????? //generate offset values from the tuning pot (offset relative to BFO setting for LSB)
????? u.bfo_offset_cwl = constrain(knob + shift, -750, 0);
????? if (knob < 5 && u.bfo_offset_cwl > -750)
??????? shift = shift - 10;
????? else if (knob > 1020 && u.bfo_offset_cwl < 0)
??????? shift = shift + 10;
????? break;
??? case 5: // calibrate BFO for USB
????? //generate offset values from the tuning pot (offset relative to BFO setting for LSB)
????? u.bfo_offset_usb = constrain(knob + shift, -3500, -1250);
????? if (knob < 5 && u.bfo_offset_usb > -3500)
??????? shift = shift - 10;
????? else if (knob > 1020 && u.bfo_offset_usb < -1250)
??????? shift = shift + 10;
????? break;
??? case 6: // calibrate BFO for CWU
????? //generate offset values from the tuning pot (offset relative to BFO setting for LSB)
????? u.bfo_offset_cwu = constrain(knob + shift, u.bfo_offset_usb, u.bfo_offset_usb + 750);
????? if (knob < 5 && u.bfo_offset_cwu > u.bfo_offset_usb)
??????? shift = shift - 10;
????? else if (knob > 1020 && u.bfo_offset_cwu < u.bfo_offset_usb + 750)
??????? shift = shift + 10;
????? break;
? }

? // if Fbutton is pressed again we save the setting
? if (!digitalRead(FBUTTON)) {
??? switch (param) {
????? case 1: // fine tune the VFO
??????? vfoA = frequency;
????? case 2: // calibrate VFO
??????? bleep(600, 50, 1);
??????? break;
????? case 3: // calibrate BFO for LSB
??????? u.bfo_freq = bfo_freq;
??????? bleep(600, 50, 1);
??????? break;
????? case 4: // calibrate BFO for CWL
??????? digitalWrite(CW_CARRIER, 0);???? // stop carrier
??????? noTone(CW_TONE);???????????????? // stop sidetone
??????? bleep(600, 50, 1);
??????? break;
????? case 5: // calibrate BFO for USB
??????? bleep(600, 50, 1);
??????? break;
????? case 6: // calibrate BFO for CWU
??????? digitalWrite(CW_CARRIER, 0);???? // stop carrier
??????? noTone(CW_TONE);???????????????? // stop sidetone
??????? RUNmode = RUN_NORMAL;
??????? u.vfo_high = vfo_high;?????????? // restore the original vfo setting
??????? mode = LSB;
??????? SetSideBand();
??????? bleep(600, 50, 2);
??????? printLine(1, "--- SETTINGS ---");
??????? shiftBase(); //align the current knob position with the current frequency
??????? break;
??? }
??? param ++;
??? firstrun = true;
? }

? else {
??? RUNmode = RUN_CALIBRATE;
??? firstrun = false;
??? switch (param) {
????? case 1: // fine tune the VFO
??????? frequency = vfoA - shift + knob;
??????? setFrequency();
??????? updateDisplay();
??????? break;
????? case 2: // calibrate VFO
??????? si5351bx_vcoa = (SI5351BX_XTAL * SI5351BX_MSA) + u.cal * 100L;
??????? si5351bx_setfreq(2, u.bfo_freq - frequency);
??????? si5351bx_setfreq(0, u.bfo_freq);
??????? ltoa(u.cal * 100L / 875, b, DEC);
??????? strcpy(c, "VFO cal ");
??????? strcat(c, b);
??????? strcat(c, " ppm");
??????? printLine(1, c);
??????? break;
????? case 3: // calibrate BFO for LSB
??????? break;
????? case 4: // calibrate BFO for CWL
??????? bfo_freq = u.bfo_freq + u.bfo_offset_cwl;
??????? if (u.cap_sens != 0)
????????? touch_key();
??????? if (digitalRead(PTT_SENSE) && (!digitalRead(KEY) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && capaKEY))) {
????????? digitalWrite(CW_CARRIER, 1);???? // start carrier
????????? tone(CW_TONE, u.CW_OFFSET);????? // generate sidetone
??????? }
??????? else {
????????? digitalWrite(CW_CARRIER, 0);???? // stop carrier
????????? noTone(CW_TONE);???????????????? // stop sidetone
??????? }
??????? break;
????? case 5: // calibrate BFO for USB
??????? bfo_freq = u.bfo_freq + u.bfo_offset_usb;
??????? break;
????? case 6: // calibrate BFO for CWU
??????? bfo_freq = u.bfo_freq + u.bfo_offset_cwu;???? ?
??????? if (u.cap_sens != 0)
????????? touch_key();
??????? if (digitalRead(PTT_SENSE) && (!digitalRead(KEY) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && capaKEY))) {
????????? digitalWrite(CW_CARRIER, 1);???? // start carrier
????????? tone(CW_TONE, u.CW_OFFSET);????? // generate sidetone
??????? }
??????? else {
????????? digitalWrite(CW_CARRIER, 0);???? // stop carrier
????????? noTone(CW_TONE);???????????????? // stop sidetone
??????? }
??????? break;
??? }
??? if (param > 2) {
????? si5351bx_setfreq(0, bfo_freq);
????? setFrequency();
????? ultoa(bfo_freq, b, DEC);
????? strcpy(c, "BFO ");
????? strcat(c, b);
????? strcat(c, " Hz");
????? printLine(1, c);
??? }
? }
}

/**
?? The setFrequency is a little tricky routine, it works differently for USB and LSB, depending
?? on whether the VFO is set to the low or to the high side of the IF.

?? By default the VFO is set to the high side of the IF (vfo_high = true). However this can be
?? changed to the low side in the SETTINGS menu.
?? Depending on whether the VFO is on the low or on the high side, we need to either add or substract
?? the BFO frequency.

?? Depending on the mode (LSB,USB) we need to shift the BFO frequency to the correct sideband.

?? An additional frequency offset can be added in RX when RIT is enabled.

?? Furthermore we add/substract the sidetone frequency only when we receive CW, to assure zero beat
?? between the transmitting and receiving station (RXshift)
?? The desired sidetone frequency can be set in the SETTINGS menu.
*/

void setFrequency() {
? if (u.vfo_high) {
??? if (mode & 1)??? // if we are in UPPER side band mode
????? si5351bx_setfreq(2, (bfo_freq + frequency - RXshift + RIT + fine));
??? else???????????? // if we are in LOWER side band mode
????? si5351bx_setfreq(2, (bfo_freq + frequency + RXshift + RIT + fine));
? }
? else {
??? if (mode & 1)??? // if we are in UPPER side band mode
????? si5351bx_setfreq(2, (bfo_freq - frequency + RXshift - RIT - fine));
??? else???????????? // if we are in LOWER side band mode
????? si5351bx_setfreq(2, (bfo_freq - frequency - RXshift - RIT - fine));
? }
? updateDisplay();
}

/**
?? The checkTX toggles the T/R line. If you would like to make use of RIT, etc,
?? you must connect pin A0 (black wire) via a 10K resistor to the output of U3
?? This is a voltage regulator LM7805 which goes on during TX. We use the +5V output
?? as a PTT sense line (to tell the Raduino that we are in TX).
*/

void checkTX() {
? // We don't check for ptt when transmitting cw in semi-QSK mode
? // as long as the TimeOut is non-zero, we will continue to hold the
? // radio in transmit mode
? if (TimeOut > 0 && u.semiQSK)
??? return;

? if (digitalRead(PTT_SENSE) && !inTx) {
??? // go in transmit mode
??? si5351bx_setfreq(2, 0);????? // temporarily disable CLK2 to prevent spurious emission (tks Dave M0WID)
??? inTx = true;
??? RXshift = RIT = RIT_old = 0; // no frequency offset during TX

??? if (u.semiQSK) {
????? mode = mode & B11111101;?? // leave CW mode, return to SSB mode
????? SetSideBand();
??? }

??? delay(TX_DELAY);???????????? // wait till RX-TX burst is over
??? shiftBase();???????????????? // this will enable CLK2 again
??? updateDisplay();
??? if (u.splitOn)?????????????? // when SPLIT is on, swap the VFOs
????? swapVFOs();
? }

? if (!digitalRead(PTT_SENSE) && inTx) {
??? delay(50);
??? if (!digitalRead(PTT_SENSE)) {
????? //go in receive mode
????? inTx = false;
????? updateDisplay();
????? if (u.splitOn) {???????????? // when SPLIT was on, swap the VFOs back to original state
??????? swapVFOs();
????? }
????? if (mode & 2) {????????????? // if we are in CW mode
??????? RXshift = u.CW_OFFSET;???? // apply the frequency offset in RX
??????? shiftBase();
????? }
??? }
? }
}

/* CW is generated by unbalancing the mixer when the key is down.
??? During key down, the output CW_CARRIER is HIGH (+5V).
?? This output is connected via a 10K resistor to the mixer input. The mixer will
?? become unbalanced when CW_CARRIER is HIGH, so a carrier will be transmitted.
?? During key up, the output CW_CARRIER is LOW (0V). The mixer will remain balanced
?? and the carrrier will be suppressed.

?? The radio will go into CW mode automatically as soon as the key goes down, and
?? return to normal LSB/USB mode when the key has been up for some time.

?? There are three variables that track the CW mode
?? inTX???? : true when the radio is in transmit mode
?? keyDown? : true when the CW is keyed down, you maybe in transmit mode (inTX true)
????????????? and yet between dots and dashes and hence keyDown could be true or false
?? TimeOut: Figures out how long to wait between dots and dashes before putting
????????????? the radio back in receive mode

?? When we transmit CW, we need to apply some offset (800Hz) to the TX frequency, in
?? order to keep zero-beat between the transmitting and receiving station. The shift
?? depends on whether upper or lower sideband CW is used:
?? In CW-U (USB) mode we must shift the TX frequency 800Hz up
?? In CW-L (LSB) mode we must shift the TX frequency 800Hz down

?? The default offset (CW_OFFSET) is 800Hz, the default timeout (QSK_DELAY) is 350ms.
?? The user can change these in the SETTINGS menu.

*/

void checkCW() {
? if (!keyDown && ((u.cap_sens == 0 && !digitalRead(KEY)) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && capaKEY) || (u.key_type > 0 && ((u.cap_sens == 0 && !digitalRead(DAH)) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && capaDAH))))) {
??? keyDown = true;

??? if (u.semiQSK) {
????? mode = mode | 2;?????????????????????? // if semiQSK is on, switch to CW
????? SetSideBand();
??? }

??? if (u.key_type > 0 && mode & 2) {??????? // if mode is CW and if keyer is enabled
????? keyeron = true;
????? released = 0;

????? // put the paddles pointers in the correct position
????? if (u.key_type & 1) {
??????? // paddle not reversed
??????? paddleDAH = &_dah;
??????? paddleDIT = &_key;
????? }
????? else {
??????? // paddle reversed
??????? paddleDAH = &_key;
??????? paddleDIT = &_dah;
????? }

????? if ((u.cap_sens == 0 && !digitalRead(*paddleDIT)) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && capaKEY))
??????? dit = millis();
????? if ((u.cap_sens == 0 && !digitalRead(*paddleDAH)) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && capaDAH))
??????? dah = millis();
??? }

??? if (!inTx && u.semiQSK) {????????? // switch to transmit mode if we are not already in it
????? si5351bx_setfreq(2, 0);????????? // temporarily disable CLK2 to prevent spurious emission (tks Dave M0WID)
????? digitalWrite(TX_RX, 1);????????? // key the PTT - go in transmit mode
????? inTx = true;

????? if (!u.vfoActive)??????????????? // if VFO A is active
??????? u.mode_A = mode;
????? else???????????????????????????? // if VFO B is active
??????? u.mode_B = mode;

????? RXshift = RIT = RIT_old = 0;???? // no frequency offset during TX
????? delay(TX_DELAY);???????????????? // wait till RX-TX burst is over

????? if (u.splitOn)?????????????????? // when SPLIT is on, swap the VFOs
??????? swapVFOs();??????????????????? // this will also enable CLK2 again
????? else
??????? shiftBase();?????????????????? // this will also enable CLK2 again

????? dit = dit + TX_DELAY + 7;??????? // delay the initial dit
????? dah = dah + TX_DELAY + 7;??????? // delay the initial dah
??? }
? }

? //keep resetting the timer as long as the key is down
? if (keyDown)
??? TimeOut = millis() + u.QSK_DELAY;

? //if the key goes up again after it's been down
? if (keyDown && ((u.cap_sens == 0 && digitalRead(KEY)) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && !capaKEY))) {
??? keyDown = false;
??? TimeOut = millis() + u.QSK_DELAY;
? }

? // if we are in semi-QSK mode and have a keyup for a "longish" time (QSK_DELAY value in ms)
? // then go back to RX

? if (!keyeron && TimeOut > 0 && inTx && TimeOut < millis() && u.semiQSK) {

??? inTx = false;
??? TimeOut = 0;???????????????????? // reset the CW timeout counter
??? RXshift = u.CW_OFFSET;?????????? // apply the frequency offset in RX
??? shiftBase();

??? if (u.splitOn)?????????????????? // then swap the VFOs back when SPLIT was on
????? swapVFOs();

??? digitalWrite(TX_RX, 0);????????? // release the PTT switch - move the radio back to receive
??? delay(10);?????????????????????? //give the relays a few ms to settle the T/R relays
? }

? if (u.key_type == 0 && keyDown && mode & B00000010) {
??? digitalWrite(CW_CARRIER, 1);???? // generate carrier
??? tone(CW_TONE, u.CW_OFFSET);????? // generate sidetone
? }
? else if (u.key_type == 0 && digitalRead(SPOT) == HIGH) {
??? digitalWrite(CW_CARRIER, 0);???? // stop generating the carrier
??? noTone(CW_TONE);???????????????? // stop generating the sidetone
? }
}

void keyer() {

? static bool FBpressed = false;
? static bool SPOTpressed = false;

? if (!digitalRead(FBUTTON))???????? // Press and release F-Button to increase keyer speed
??? FBpressed = true;
? if (FBpressed && digitalRead(FBUTTON) && u.wpm < 50) {
??? FBpressed = false;
??? u.wpm++;
? }
? if (!digitalRead(SPOT))?????????? // Press and release SPOT button to reduce keyer speed
??? SPOTpressed = true;
? if (SPOTpressed && digitalRead(SPOT) && u.wpm > 1) {
??? SPOTpressed = false;
??? u.wpm--;
? }

? if (u.key_type > 2) {???????????? // bug mode
??? if ((u.cap_sens == 0 && !digitalRead(*paddleDAH)) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && capaDAH))
????? dah = millis();
??? else
????? dah = 0;
? }

? unsigned long element = 1200UL / u.wpm;

? if (space == 0 && (millis() - dit < element || millis() - dah < 3 * element)) {
??? digitalWrite(CW_CARRIER, 1);??? // generate carrier
??? tone(CW_TONE, u.CW_OFFSET);???? // generate sidetone
??? keyDown = true;
? }
? else {
??? digitalWrite(CW_CARRIER, 0);??? // stop generating the carrier
??? noTone(CW_TONE);??????????????? // stop generating the sidetone
??? if (space == 0) {
????? space = millis();
??? }
??? if (millis() - space > gap * element) {
????? if (dit < dah) {
??????? if (ditlatch || (u.cap_sens == 0 && !digitalRead(*paddleDIT)) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && capaKEY)) {
????????? dit = millis();
????????? keyeron = true;
????????? ditlatch = false;
????????? keyDown = true;
????????? gap = 1;????????????????? //standard gap between elements
????????? space = 0;
????????? released = 0;
??????? }
??????? else {
????????? if (dahlatch || (u.cap_sens == 0 && !digitalRead(*paddleDAH)) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && capaDAH)) {
??????????? dah = millis();
??????????? keyeron = true;
??????????? dahlatch = false;
??????????? keyDown = true;
??????????? gap = 1;??????????????? //standard gap between elements
??????????? space = 0;
??????????? released = 0;
????????? }
????????? else {
??????????? if (u.autospace)
????????????? gap = 3;????????????? // autospace - character gap is 3 elements
??????????? keyeron = true;
??????????? keyDown = true;

??????????? if (millis() - space > gap * element) {
????????????? keyeron = false;
????????????? keyDown = false;
????????????? gap = 1;????????????? //standard gap between elements
????????????? space = 0;
????????????? released = 0;
??????????? }
????????? }
??????? }
????? }
????? else {
??????? if (dahlatch || (u.cap_sens == 0 && !digitalRead(*paddleDAH)) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && capaDAH)) {
????????? dah = millis();
????????? keyeron = true;
????????? dahlatch = false;
????????? keyDown = true;
????????? gap = 1;????????????????? //standard gap between elements
????????? space = 0;
????????? released = 0;
??????? }
??????? else {
????????? if (ditlatch || (u.cap_sens == 0 && !digitalRead(*paddleDIT)) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && capaKEY)) {
??????????? dit = millis();
??????????? keyeron = true;
??????????? ditlatch = false;
??????????? keyDown = true;
??????????? gap = 1;??????????????? //standard gap between elements
??????????? space = 0;
??????????? released = 0;
????????? }
????????? else {
??????????? if (u.autospace)
????????????? gap = 3;????????????? // autospace - character gap is 3 elements
??????????? keyeron = true;
??????????? keyDown = true;
??????????? if (millis() - space > gap * element) {
????????????? keyeron = false;
????????????? keyDown = false;
????????????? gap = 1;????????????? //standard gap between elements
????????????? space = 0;
????????????? released = 0;
??????????? }
????????? }
??????? }
????? }
??? }
? }

? if (released == 0) {
??? if (space == 0 && millis() - dit < element && ((u.cap_sens == 0 && digitalRead(*paddleDIT)) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && !capaKEY)))
????? released = millis();
??? if (space == 0 && millis() - dah < 3 * element && ((u.cap_sens == 0 && digitalRead(*paddleDAH)) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && !capaDAH)))
????? released = millis();
??? if (space > 0 && ((u.cap_sens == 0 && digitalRead(*paddleDIT)) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && !capaKEY)) && ((u.cap_sens == 0 && digitalRead(*paddleDAH)) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && !capaDAH)))
????? released = millis();
? }

? if (u.cap_sens == 0) {??? // if standard paddle is used
??? if (released > 0 && millis() - released > DIT_DELAY && !digitalRead(*paddleDIT)) { // DIT_DELAY optimized timing characteristics - tks Hidehiko, JA9MAT
????? ditlatch = true;
????? dahlatch = false;
??? }
??? else if (space > 0 && released > 0 && millis() - released > DAH_DELAY && !digitalRead(*paddleDAH)) { // DAH_DELAY optimized timing characteristics - tks Hidehiko, JA9MAT
????? dahlatch = true;
????? ditlatch = false;
??? }
? }
? else {???????????????????? // if touch keyer is used
??? if (released > 0 && capaKEY) {
????? ditlatch = true;
????? dahlatch = false;
??? }
??? else if (released > 0 && capaDAH) {
????? dahlatch = true;
????? ditlatch = false;
??? }
? }

? if (keyeron) {
??? itoa(u.wpm, b, DEC);
??? strcpy(c, "CW-speed ");
??? strcat(c, b);
??? strcat(c, " WPM");
??? printLine(1, c);
? }
? else if (locked)
??? printLine(1, "dial is locked");
? else if (clicks >= 10)
??? printLine(1, "--- SETTINGS ---");
? else {
??? RIT_old = 0;
??? printLine(1, " ");
? }
}


/**
?? The Function Button is used for several functions
?? NORMAL menu (normal operation):
?? 1 short press: swap VFO A/B
?? 2 short presses: toggle RIT on/off
?? 3 short presses: toggle SPLIT on/off
?? 4 short presses: toggle mode LSB-USB-CWL-CWU
?? 5 short presses: start freq scan mode
?? 5 short presses: start A/B monitor mode
?? long press (>1 Sec): VFO A=B
?? VERY long press (>3 sec): go to SETTINGS menu

?? SETTINGS menu:
?? 1 short press: Set the 4 scan parameters (lower limit, upper limit, step size, step delay)
?? 2 short presses: Set the 6 CW parameters (key type, auto-space, touch sensitivity, semi-QSK on/off, QSK delay, sidetone pitch)
?? 3 short presses: VFO/BFO calibration
?? 4 short presses: toggle VFO setting (high or low side of IF)
?? 5 short presses: Set tuning range parameters (minimum dial frequency, max dial freq, tuning pot span)
?? 6 short presses: enable/disable the PBT function
?? long press: exit SETTINGS menu - go back to NORMAL menu
*/

void checkButton() {

? static byte action;
? static long t1, t2;
? static bool pressed = false;

? if (digitalRead(FBUTTON)) {
??? t2 = millis() - t1; //time elapsed since last button press
??? if (pressed)
????? if (clicks < 10 && t2 > 600 && t2 < 3000) { //detect long press to reset the VFO's
??????? resetVFOs();
??????? delay(700);
??????? clicks = 0;
????? }

??? if (t2 > CLICK_DELAY) { // max time between button clicks (ms)
????? action = clicks;
????? if (clicks >= 10)
??????? clicks = 10;
????? else
??????? clicks = 0;
??? }
??? pressed = false;
? }
? else {
??? delay(10);
??? if (!digitalRead(FBUTTON)) {
????? // button was really pressed, not just some noise

????? if (locked && digitalRead(SPOT)) {
??????? bleep(600, 50, 1);
??????? printLine(1, MY_CALLSIGN);
??????? delay(500);
??????? locked = false;
??????? shiftBase();
??????? clicks = 0;
??????? pressed = false;
??????? return;
????? }

????? else {
??????? if (!digitalRead(SPOT)) {
????????? bleep(1200, 50, 1);
????????? locked = true;
????????? updateDisplay();
????????? printLine(1, "dial is locked");
????????? delay(500);
????????? clicks = 0;
????????? pressed = false;
????????? return;
??????? }
????? }

????? if (ritOn) {
??????? toggleRIT(); // disable the RIT when it was on and the FB is pressed again
??????? old_knob = knob_position();
??????? bleep(600, 50, 1);
??????? delay(100);
??????? return;
????? }
????? if (!pressed) {
??????? pressed = true;
??????? t1 = millis();
??????? bleep(1200, 50, 1);
??????? action = 0;
??????? clicks++;
??????? if (clicks > 16)
????????? clicks = 11;
??????? if (clicks > 6 && clicks < 10)
????????? clicks = 1;

??????? switch (clicks) {
????????? //Normal menu options
????????? case 1:
??????????? printLine(1, "Swap VFOs");
??????????? break;
????????? case 2:
??????????? printLine(1, "RIT ON");
??????????? break;
????????? case 3:
??????????? printLine(1, "SPLIT ON/OFF");
??????????? break;
????????? case 4:
??????????? printLine(1, "Switch mode");
??????????? break;
????????? case 5:
??????????? printLine(1, "Start freq scan");
??????????? break;
????????? case 6:
??????????? printLine(1, "Monitor VFO A/B");
??????????? break;

????????? //SETTINGS menu options
????????? case 11:
??????????? printLine(1, "Set scan params");
??????????? break;
????????? case 12:
??????????? printLine(1, "Set CW params");
??????????? break;
????????? case 13:
??????????? printLine(1, "VFO/BFO calibr.");
??????????? break;
????????? case 14:
??????????? printLine(1, "VFO High/Low");
??????????? break;
????????? case 15:
??????????? printLine(1, "Set tuning range");
??????????? break;
????????? case 16:
??????????? printLine(1, "PBT ON/OFF");
??????????? break;
??????? }
????? }
????? else if ((millis() - t1) > 600 && (millis() - t1) < 800 && clicks < 10) // long press: reset the VFOs
??????? printLine(1, "Reset VFOs");

????? if ((millis() - t1) > 3000 && clicks < 10) { // VERY long press: go to the SETTINGS menu
??????? bleep(1200, 150, 3);
??????? printLine(1, "--- SETTINGS ---");
??????? clicks = 10;
????? }

????? else if ((millis() - t1) > 1500 && clicks > 10) { // long press: return to the NORMAL menu
??????? bleep(1200, 150, 3);
??????? clicks = -1;
??????? pressed = false;
??????? printLine(1, " --- NORMAL ---");
??????? delay(700);
????? }
??? }
? }
? if (action != 0 && action != 10) {
??? bleep(600, 50, 1);
? }
? param = 1;
? switch (action) {
??? // NORMAL menu

??? case 1: // swap the VFOs
????? swapVFOs();
????? break;

??? case 2: // toggle the RIT on/off
????? toggleRIT();
????? break;

??? case 3: // toggle SPLIT on/off
????? toggleSPLIT();
????? break;

??? case 4: // toggle the mode LSB/USB
????? toggleMode();
????? break;

??? case 5: // start scan mode
????? RUNmode = RUN_SCAN;
????? TimeOut = millis() + u.scan_step_delay;
????? frequency = u.scan_start_freq * 1000L;
????? printLine(1, "freq scanning");
????? break;

??? case 6: // Monitor mode
????? RUNmode = RUN_MONITOR;
????? TimeOut = millis() + u.scan_step_delay;
????? printLine(1, "A/B monitoring");
????? break;

??? // SETTINGS MENU

??? case 11: // set the 4 scan parameters
????? scan_params();
????? break;

??? case 12: // set CW parameters (sidetone pitch, QSKdelay, key type, capacitive touch key, auto space)
????? set_CWparams();
????? break;

??? case 13: // calibrate the VFO and the BFO
????? calibrate();
????? break;

??? case 14: // toggle VFO HIGH/LOW
????? u.vfo_high = !u.vfo_high;
????? if (u.vfo_high)
??????? printLine(1, "VFO HIGH");
????? else
??????? printLine(1, "VFO LOW");
????? SetSideBand();
????? delay(700);
????? bleep(600, 50, 2);
????? printLine(1, "--- SETTINGS ---");
????? break;

??? case 15: // set the tuning pot range
????? set_tune_range();
????? break;

??? case 16: // enable/disable PBT
????? u.PBT_enabled = !u.PBT_enabled;
????? if (u.PBT_enabled)
??????? printLine(1, "PBT enabled");
????? else
??????? printLine(1, "PBT disabled");
????? delay(700);
????? bleep(600, 50, 2);
????? printLine(1, "--- SETTINGS ---");
????? break;
? }
}

void swapVFOs() {
? if (u.vfoActive) {?????? // if VFO B is active
??? u.vfoActive = false;?? // switch to VFO A
??? vfoB = frequency;
??? frequency = vfoA;
??? if (!u.splitOn)
????? mode = u.mode_A;???? // don't change the mode when SPLIT is on
? }

? else {?????????????????? //if VFO A is active
??? u.vfoActive = true;??? // switch to VFO B
??? vfoA = frequency;
??? frequency = vfoB;
??? if (!u.splitOn)
????? mode = u.mode_B;???? // don't change the mode when SPLIT is on
? }
? SetSideBand();
? if (!inTx && mode > 1)
??? RXshift = u.CW_OFFSET; // add RX shift when we are receiving in CW mode
? else
??? RXshift = 0;?????????? // no RX shift when we are receiving in SSB mode

? shiftBase();???????????? // align the current knob position with the current frequency
}

void toggleRIT() {

? ritOn = !ritOn;????????? // toggle RIT
? if (!ritOn)
??? RIT = RIT_old = 0;
? shiftBase();???????????? // align the current knob position with the current frequency
? firstrun = true;
? if (u.splitOn) {
??? u.splitOn = false;???? // disable SPLIT when RIT is on
? }
? updateDisplay();
}

void toggleSPLIT() {

? u.splitOn = !u.splitOn;? // toggle SPLIT
? if (ritOn) {
??? ritOn = false;
??? RIT = RIT_old = 0;
??? shiftBase();
? }
? updateDisplay();
}

void toggleMode() {
? if (!u.semiQSK)
??? mode = (mode + 1) & 3; // rotate through LSB-USB-CWL-CWU
? else
??? mode = mode xor 1;???? // switch between LSB and USB (or between CWL and CWU) (tks Michael, VE3WMB)

? if (mode & 2)??????????? // if we are in CW mode
??? RXshift = u.CW_OFFSET;
? else???????????????????? // if we are in SSB mode
??? RXshift = 0;
? SetSideBand();
}

void SetSideBand() {
? if (u.vfo_high) {
??? switch (mode) {
????? case USB:
??????? bfo_freq = u.bfo_freq - PBT_offset;
??????? break;
????? case LSB:
??????? bfo_freq = u.bfo_freq + u.bfo_offset_usb + PBT_offset;
??????? break;
????? case CWU:
??????? bfo_freq = u.bfo_freq + u.bfo_offset_cwl - PBT_offset;
??????? break;
????? case CWL:
??????? bfo_freq = u.bfo_freq + u.bfo_offset_cwu + PBT_offset;
??????? break;
??? }
? }
? else {
??? switch (mode) {
????? case LSB:
??????? bfo_freq = u.bfo_freq - PBT_offset;
??????? break;
????? case USB:
??????? bfo_freq = u.bfo_freq + u.bfo_offset_usb + PBT_offset;
??????? break;
????? case CWL:
??????? bfo_freq = u.bfo_freq + u.bfo_offset_cwl - PBT_offset;
??????? break;
????? case CWU:
??????? bfo_freq = u.bfo_freq + u.bfo_offset_cwu + PBT_offset;
??????? break;
??? }
? }
? si5351bx_setfreq(0, bfo_freq);

? setFrequency();
? if (!u.vfoActive)??????? // if VFO A is active
??? u.mode_A = mode;
? else???????????????????? // if VFO B is active
??? u.mode_B = mode;
}

// resetting the VFO's will set both VFO's to the current frequency and mode
void resetVFOs() {
? printLine(1, "VFO A=B !");
? vfoA = vfoB = frequency;
? u.mode_A = u.mode_B = mode;
? updateDisplay();
? bleep(600, 50, 2);
}

/**
?? this routine allows the user to set the tuning range depending on the type of potentiometer
?? for a standard 1-turn pot, a span of 50 kHz is recommended
?? for a 10-turn pot, a span of 200 kHz is recommended
*/

void set_tune_range() {
? int knob = analogRead(ANALOG_TUNING); // get the current tuning knob position

? if (firstrun) {
??? switch (param) {
????? case 1:
??????? current_setting = u.LOWEST_FREQ / 1000;
??????? break;
????? case 2:
??????? current_setting = u.HIGHEST_FREQ / 1000;
??????? break;
????? case 3:
??????? current_setting = u.POT_SPAN;
??????? break;
??? }
??? shift = current_setting - 10 * knob / 20;
? }
? switch (param) {
??? case 1:
????? //generate values 7000-7500 from the tuning pot
????? u.LOWEST_FREQ = constrain(10 * knob / 20 + shift, 1000UL, 30000UL);
????? if (knob < 5 && u.LOWEST_FREQ > 1000UL)
??????? shift = shift - 10;
????? else if (knob > 1020 && u.LOWEST_FREQ < 30000UL)
??????? shift = shift + 10;
????? break;
??? case 2:
????? //generate values 7000-7500 from the tuning pot
????? u.HIGHEST_FREQ = constrain(10 * knob / 20 + shift, (u.LOWEST_FREQ / 1000 + u.POT_SPAN), 30000UL);
????? if (knob < 5 && u.HIGHEST_FREQ > (u.LOWEST_FREQ / 1000 + u.POT_SPAN))
??????? shift = shift - 10;
????? else if (knob > 1020 && u.HIGHEST_FREQ < 30000UL)
??????? shift = shift + 10;
????? break;
??? case 3:
????? //generate values 10-500 from the tuning pot
????? u.POT_SPAN = constrain(10 * knob / 20 + shift, 10, 500);
????? if (knob < 5 && u.POT_SPAN > 10)
??????? shift = shift - 10;
????? else if (knob > 1020 && u.POT_SPAN < 500)
??????? shift = shift + 10;
????? break;
? }
? // if Fbutton is pressed again, we save the setting
? if (!digitalRead(FBUTTON)) {
??? switch (param) {
????? case 1:
??????? u.LOWEST_FREQ = u.LOWEST_FREQ * 1000UL;
??????? bleep(600, 50, 1);
??????? delay(200);
??????? break;
????? case 2:
??????? u.HIGHEST_FREQ = u.HIGHEST_FREQ * 1000UL;
??????? bleep(600, 50, 1);
??????? delay(200);
??????? break;
????? case 3:
??????? RUNmode = RUN_NORMAL;
??????? bleep(600, 50, 2);
??????? printLine(1, "--- SETTINGS ---");
??????? shiftBase(); //align the current knob position with the current frequency
??????? break;
??? }
??? param ++;
??? firstrun = true;
? }

? else {
??? RUNmode = RUN_TUNERANGE;
??? firstrun = false;
??? switch (param) {
????? case 1:
??????? ultoa(u.LOWEST_FREQ, b, DEC);
??????? strcpy(c, "min ");
??????? strcat(c, b);
??????? strcat(c, " kHz");
??????? printLine(1, c);
??????? break;
????? case 2:
??????? ultoa(u.HIGHEST_FREQ, b, DEC);
??????? strcpy(c, "max ");
??????? strcat(c, b);
??????? strcat(c, " kHz");
??????? printLine(1, c);
??????? break;
????? case 3:
??????? itoa(u.POT_SPAN, b, DEC);
??????? strcpy(c, "pot span ");
??????? strcat(c, b);
??????? strcat(c, " kHz");
??????? printLine(1, c);
??????? break;
??? }
? }
}

/**
?? this routine allows the user to set the six CW related parameters
*/

void set_CWparams() {
? int knob = analogRead(ANALOG_TUNING); // get the current tuning knob position

? if (firstrun) {
??? switch (param) {
????? case 1:
??????? mode = mode | 2; //switch to CW mode
??????? updateDisplay();
??????? current_setting = u.key_type;
??????? shift = knob;
??????? break;
????? case 2:
??????? current_setting = u.autospace;
??????? shift = knob;
??????? break;
????? case 3:
??????? current_setting = u.cap_sens;
??????? shift = knob;
??????? break;
????? case 4:
??????? current_setting = u.semiQSK;
??????? shift = knob;
??????? break;
????? case 5:
??????? current_setting = u.QSK_DELAY;
??????? shift = current_setting - 10 * (knob / 10);
??????? break;
????? case 6:
??????? RXshift = u.CW_OFFSET;
??????? current_setting = u.CW_OFFSET;
??????? shift = current_setting - knob - 200;
??????? break;
??? }
? }

? switch (param) {
??? case 1:
????? //generate values 0-1-2-3-4 from the tuning pot
????? u.key_type = ((((knob - shift) + 4 + current_setting * 26) & 127) / 26);
????? break;
??? case 2:
????? //generate values 0-1-0-1 from the tuning pot
????? u.autospace = ((((knob - shift + 4) & 64) / 64) + current_setting) & 1;
????? break;
??? case 3:
????? //generate values 0-25 from the tuning pot
????? u.cap_sens = constrain((knob - shift) / 40 + current_setting, 0, 25);
????? if (knob < 5 && u.cap_sens > 0)
??????? shift = shift + 10;
????? else if (knob > 1020 && u.cap_sens < 25)
??????? shift = shift - 10;

????? //configure the morse keyer inputs
????? if (u.cap_sens == 0) { // enable the internal pull-ups if capacitive touch keys are NOT used
??????? pinMode(KEY, INPUT_PULLUP);
??????? pinMode(DAH, INPUT_PULLUP);
????? }
????? else { // disable the internal pull-ups if capacitive touch keys are used
??????? pinMode(KEY, INPUT);
??????? pinMode(DAH, INPUT);
????? }
????? break;
??? case 4:
????? //generate values 0-1-0-1 from the tuning pot
????? u.semiQSK = ((((knob - shift + 4) & 64) / 64) + current_setting) & 1;
????? break;
??? case 5:
????? //generate values 10-1000 from the tuning pot
????? u.QSK_DELAY = constrain(10 * (knob / 10) + shift, 10, 1000);
????? if (knob < 5 && u.QSK_DELAY >= 20)
??????? shift = shift - 10;
????? else if (knob > 1020 && u.QSK_DELAY < 1000)
??????? shift = shift + 10;
????? break;
??? case 6:
????? //generate values 500-1000 from the tuning pot
????? u.CW_OFFSET = constrain(knob + 200 + shift, 200, 1200);
????? if (knob < 5 && u.CW_OFFSET > 200)
??????? shift = shift - 10;
????? else if (knob > 1020 && u.CW_OFFSET < 1200)
??????? shift = shift + 10;
????? break;
? }

? // if Fbutton is pressed again, we save the setting
? if (!digitalRead(FBUTTON)) {
??? switch (param) {
????? case 1:? // key type
??????? bleep(600, 50, 1);
??????? delay(200);
??????? if (u.key_type == 0) {
????????? param++;????????????????? // no auto-space when straight key was selected
????????? if (!CapTouch_installed)
??????????? param++;??????????????? // no touch sensitivity setting when touch sensors are not installed
??????? }
??????? break;
????? case 2:?????????????????????? // autospace
??????? bleep(600, 50, 1);
??????? delay(200);
??????? if (!CapTouch_installed)
????????? param++;????????????????? // no touch sensitivity setting when touch sensors are not installed
??????? break;
????? case 3:?????????????????????? // touch keyer sensitivity
??????? calibrate_touch_pads();???? // measure the base capacitance of the touch pads while they're not being touched
??????? bleep(600, 50, 1);
??????? delay(200);
??????? if (!TXRX_installed)
????????? param = param + 2;??????? // no Semi-QSK, QSK-delay settings when RX-TX line is not installed
??????? break;
????? case 4:?????????????????????? // semiQSK on/off
??????? if (!u.semiQSK) {
????????? u.QSK_DELAY = 10;???????? // set QSKdelay to minimum when manual PTT is selected
????????? param++;????????????????? // skip the QSKdelay setting when manual PTT is selected
??????? }
??????? bleep(600, 50, 1);
??????? delay(200);
??????? break;
????? case 5:
??????? bleep(600, 50, 1);
??????? delay(200);
??????? break;
????? case 6:
??????? RUNmode = RUN_NORMAL;
??????? bleep(600, 50, 2);
??????? printLine(1, "--- SETTINGS ---");
??????? shiftBase(); //align the current knob position with the current frequency
??????? break;
??? }
??? param ++;
??? firstrun = true;
? }

? else {
??? RUNmode = RUN_CWOFFSET;
??? firstrun = false;
??? switch (param) {
????? case 1:
??????? strcpy(c, "Key: ");
??????? switch (u.key_type) {
????????? case 0:
??????????? strcat(c, "straight");
??????????? break;
????????? case 1:
??????????? strcat(c, "paddle");
??????????? break;
????????? case 2:
??????????? strcat(c, "rev. paddle");
??????????? break;
????????? case 3:
??????????? strcat(c, "bug");
??????????? break;
????????? case 4:
??????????? strcat(c, "rev. bug");
??????????? break;
??????? }
??????? break;
????? case 2:
??????? strcpy(c, "Auto-space: ");
??????? if (u.autospace)
????????? strcat(c, "ON");
??????? else
????????? strcat(c, "OFF");
??????? break;
????? case 3:
??????? if (u.cap_sens == 0)
????????? strcpy(c, "touch keyer OFF");
??????? else {
????????? printLine(0, "Touch sensor");
????????? itoa((u.cap_sens), b, DEC);
????????? strcpy(c, "sensitivity ");
????????? strcat(c, b);
??????? }
??????? break;
????? case 4:
??????? strcpy(c, "Semi-QSK: ");
??????? if (u.semiQSK)
????????? strcat(c, "ON");
??????? else
????????? strcat(c, "OFF");
??????? break;
????? case 5:
??????? itoa(u.QSK_DELAY, b, DEC);
??????? strcpy(c, "QSK delay ");
??????? strcat(c, b);
??????? strcat(c, "ms");
??????? break;
????? case 6:
??????? itoa(u.CW_OFFSET, b, DEC);
??????? strcpy(c, "sidetone ");
??????? strcat(c, b);
??????? strcat(c, " Hz");
??????? break;
??? }
??? printLine(1, c);
? }
}

/**
?? this routine allows the user to set the 4 scan parameters: lower limit, upper limit, step size and step delay
*/

void scan_params() {

? int knob = analogRead(ANALOG_TUNING); // get the current tuning knob position
? if (firstrun) {
??? switch (param) {

????? case 1: // set the lower scan limit

??????? current_setting = u.scan_start_freq;
??????? shift = current_setting - knob / 2 - u.LOWEST_FREQ / 1000;
??????? break;

????? case 2: // set the upper scan limit

??????? current_setting = u.scan_stop_freq;
??????? shift = current_setting - map(knob, 0, 1024, u.scan_start_freq, u.HIGHEST_FREQ / 1000);
??????? break;

????? case 3: // set the scan step size

??????? current_setting = u.scan_step_freq;
??????? shift = current_setting - 50 * (knob / 5);
??????? break;

????? case 4: // set the scan step delay

??????? current_setting = u.scan_step_delay;
??????? shift = current_setting - 50 * (knob / 25);
??????? break;
??? }
? }

? switch (param) {

??? case 1: // set the lower scan limit

????? //generate values 7000-7500 from the tuning pot
????? u.scan_start_freq = constrain(knob / 2 + 7000 + shift, u.LOWEST_FREQ / 1000, u.HIGHEST_FREQ / 1000);
????? if (knob < 5 && u.scan_start_freq > u.LOWEST_FREQ / 1000)
??????? shift = shift - 1;
????? else if (knob > 1020 && u.scan_start_freq < u.HIGHEST_FREQ / 1000)
??????? shift = shift + 1;
????? break;

??? case 2: // set the upper scan limit

????? //generate values 7000-7500 from the tuning pot
????? u.scan_stop_freq = constrain(map(knob, 0, 1024, u.scan_start_freq, u.HIGHEST_FREQ / 1000) + shift, u.scan_start_freq, u.HIGHEST_FREQ / 1000);
????? if (knob < 5 && u.scan_stop_freq > u.scan_start_freq)
??????? shift = shift - 1;
????? else if (knob > 1020 && u.scan_stop_freq < u.HIGHEST_FREQ / 1000)
??????? shift = shift + 1;
????? break;

??? case 3: // set the scan step size

????? //generate values 50-10000 from the tuning pot
????? u.scan_step_freq = constrain(50 * (knob / 5) + shift, 50, 10000);
????? if (knob < 5 && u.scan_step_freq > 50)
??????? shift = shift - 50;
????? else if (knob > 1020 && u.scan_step_freq < 10000)
??????? shift = shift + 50;
????? break;

??? case 4: // set the scan step delay

????? //generate values 0-2500 from the tuning pot
????? u.scan_step_delay = constrain(50 * (knob / 25) + shift, 0, 2000);
????? if (knob < 5 && u.scan_step_delay > 0)
??????? shift = shift - 50;
????? else if (knob > 1020 && u.scan_step_delay < 2000)
??????? shift = shift + 50;
????? break;
? }

? // if Fbutton is pressed, we save the setting

? if (!digitalRead(FBUTTON)) {
??? switch (param) {

????? case 1: // save the lower scan limit
????? case 2: // save the upper scan limit
????? case 3: // save the scan step size
??????? bleep(600, 50, 1);
??????? break;

????? case 4: // save the scan step delay
??????? RUNmode = RUN_NORMAL;
??????? bleep(600, 50, 2);
??????? printLine(1, "--- SETTINGS ---");
??????? shiftBase(); //align the current knob position with the current frequency
??????? break;
??? }
??? param ++;
??? firstrun = true;
? }

? else {
??? RUNmode = RUN_SCAN_PARAMS;
??? firstrun = false;
??? switch (param) {

????? case 1: // display the lower scan limit

??????? itoa(u.scan_start_freq, b, DEC);
??????? strcpy(c, "lower ");
??????? strcat(c, b);
??????? strcat(c, " kHz");
??????? break;

????? case 2: // display the upper scan limit

??????? itoa(u.scan_stop_freq, b, DEC);
??????? strcpy(c, "upper ");
??????? strcat(c, b);
??????? strcat(c, " kHz");
??????? break;

????? case 3: // display the scan step size

??????? itoa(u.scan_step_freq, b, DEC);
??????? strcpy(c, "step ");
??????? strcat(c, b);
??????? strcat(c, " Hz");
??????? break;

????? case 4: // display the scan step delay

??????? itoa(u.scan_step_delay, b, DEC);
??????? strcpy(c, "delay ");
??????? strcat(c, b);
??????? strcat(c, " ms");
??????? break;
??? }
??? printLine(1, c);
? }
}

/**
?? interrupt service routine
?? When the PTT is keyed (either manually or by the semiQSK function), normal program execution
?? will be interrupted and the interrupt service routine (ISR) will be executed. After that, normal
?? program execution will continue from the point it was interrupted.
?? The only thing this ISR does, is setting the TXstart flag. This flag is frequently polled by the
?? knob_position routine.
?? The knob_position routine takes 100 readings from the tuning pot for extra precision. However
?? this takes more time (about 10ms). Normally this is not a problem, however when we key the PTT
?? we need to quickly turn off the VFO in order to prevent spurious emission. In that case 10ms is
?? too much delay.
?? In order to prevent this delay, the knob-position routine keeps checking the TXstart flag
?? and when it is set it will terminate immediately.
*/

void ISRptt(void) {
? TXstart = true;?????????????????????? // the TXstart flag will be set as soon as the PTT is keyed
}

// routine to read the position of the tuning knob at high precision (Allard, PE1NWL)
int knob_position() {
? unsigned long knob = 0;
? // the knob value normally ranges from 0 through 1023 (10 bit ADC)
? // in order to increase the precision by a factor 10, we need 10^2 = 100x oversampling
? for (byte i = 0; i < 100; i++) { // it takes about 10 ms to run this loop 100 times
??? if (TXstart) {???? // when the PTT was keyed, in order to prevent 10 ms delay:
????? TXstart = false; // reset the TXstart flag that was set by the interrupt service routine
????? return old_knob; // then exit this routine immediately and return the old knob value
??? }
??? else
????? knob = knob + analogRead(ANALOG_TUNING); // take 100 readings from the ADC
? }
? knob = (knob + 5L) / 10L; // take the average of the 100 readings and multiply the result by 10
? //now the knob value ranges from 0 through 10,230 (10x more precision)
? knob = knob * 10000L / 10230L; // scale the knob range down to 0-10,000
? return (int)knob;
}

/**
?? RIT routine
*/

void doRIT() {
? if (millis() - max(dit, dah) < 1000)
??? return;
? int knob = knob_position(); // get the current tuning knob position

? if (firstrun) {
??? current_setting = RIToffset;
??? shift = current_setting - ((knob - 5000) / 2);
??? firstrun = false;
? }

? //generate values -2500 ~ +2500 from the tuning pot
? RIToffset = (knob - 5000) / 2 + shift;
? if (knob < 5 && RIToffset > -2500)
??? shift = shift - 50;
? else if (knob > 10220 && RIToffset < 2500)
??? shift = shift + 50;

? RIT = RIToffset;
? if (RIT != RIT_old) {
??? setFrequency();
??? itoa(RIToffset, b, DEC);
??? strcpy(c, "RIT ");
??? strcat(c, b);
??? strcat(c, " Hz");
??? printLine(1, c);

??? RIT_old = RIT;
??? old_knob = knob_position();
??? delay(30);
? }
}

/**
?? routine to align the current knob position with the current frequency
?? If we switch between VFO's A and B, the frequency will change but the tuning knob
?? is still in the same position. We need to apply some offset so that the new frequency
?? corresponds with the current knob position.
?? This routine reads the current knob position, then it shifts the baseTune value up or down
?? so that the new frequency matches again with the current knob position.
*/

void shiftBase() {
? setFrequency();
? unsigned long knob = knob_position(); // get the current tuning knob position
? baseTune = frequency - (knob * (unsigned long)u.POT_SPAN / 10UL);
}

/**
?? The Tuning mechansim of the Raduino works in a very innovative way. It uses a tuning potentiometer.
?? The tuning potentiometer that a voltage between 0 and 5 volts at ANALOG_TUNING pin of the control connector.
?? This is read as a value between 0 and 1023. By 100x oversampling this range is expanded by a factor 10.
?? Hence, the tuning pot gives you 10,000 steps from one end to the other end of its rotation. Each step is 50 Hz,
?? thus giving maximum 500 Khz of tuning range. The tuning range is scaled down depending on the POT_SPAN value.
?? The standard tuning range (for the standard 1-turn pot) is 50 Khz. But it is also possible to use a 10-turn pot
?? to tune accross the entire 40m band. The desired POT_SPAN can be set via the Function Button in the SETTINGS menu.
?? When the potentiometer is moved to either end of the range, the frequency starts automatically moving
?? up or down in 10 Khz increments, so it is still possible to tune beyond the range set by POT_SPAN.
*/

void doTuning() {
? int knob = analogRead(ANALOG_TUNING) * 100000 / 10230; // get the current tuning knob position

? // tuning is disabled during TX (only when PTT sense line is installed)
? if (inTx && clicks < 10 && abs(knob - old_knob) > 42 && !locked) {
??? printLine(1, "dial is locked");
??? shiftBase();
??? firstrun = true;
??? return;
? }
? else if (inTx || locked)??????????? // no tuning in TX or when dial is locked
??? return;
? else if (abs(knob - old_knob) < 20)
??? save_frequency();???????????????? // only save VFO frequencies to EEPROM when tuning pot is not being turned

? knob = knob_position(); // get the precise tuning knob position
? // the knob is fully on the low end, do fast tune: move down by 10 Khz and wait for 300 msec
? // if the POT_SPAN is very small (less than 25 kHz) then use 1 kHz steps instead

? if (knob == 0 && frequency != u.LOWEST_FREQ) {
??? if (frequency > u.LOWEST_FREQ) {
????? if (u.POT_SPAN < 25)
??????? baseTune = baseTune - 1000UL; // fast tune down in 1 kHz steps
????? else
??????? baseTune = baseTune - 10000UL; // fast tune down in 10 kHz steps
????? frequency = baseTune + (unsigned long)knob * (unsigned long)u.POT_SPAN / 10UL;
????? if (clicks < 10)
??????? printLine(1, "<<<<<<<"); // tks Paul KC8WBK
????? delay(FAST_TUNE_DELAY);
??? }
??? if (frequency < u.LOWEST_FREQ)
????? baseTune = frequency = u.LOWEST_FREQ;
??? setFrequency();
??? old_knob = 0;
? }

? // the knob is full on the high end, do fast tune: move up by 10 Khz and wait for 300 msec
? // if the POT_SPAN is very small (less than 25 kHz) then use 1 kHz steps instead

? else if (knob == 10000 && frequency != u.HIGHEST_FREQ) {
??? if (frequency < u.HIGHEST_FREQ) {
????? if (u.POT_SPAN < 25)
??????? baseTune = baseTune + 1000UL; // fast tune up in 1 kHz steps
????? else
??????? baseTune = baseTune + 10000UL; // fast tune up in 10 kHz steps
????? frequency = baseTune + (unsigned long)knob * (unsigned long)u.POT_SPAN / 10UL;
????? if (clicks < 10)
??????? printLine(1, "???????? >>>>>>>"); // tks Paul KC8WBK
????? delay(FAST_TUNE_DELAY);
??? }
??? if (frequency > u.HIGHEST_FREQ) {
????? baseTune = u.HIGHEST_FREQ - (u.POT_SPAN * 1000UL);
????? frequency = u.HIGHEST_FREQ;
??? }
??? setFrequency();
??? old_knob = 10000;
? }

? // the tuning knob is at neither extremities, tune the signals as usual
? else {
??? if (abs(knob - old_knob) > 4) { // improved "flutter fix": only change frequency when the current knob position is more than 4 steps away from the previous position
????? knob = (knob + old_knob) / 2; // tune to the midpoint between current and previous knob reading
????? old_knob = knob;
????? frequency = constrain(baseTune + (unsigned long)knob * (unsigned long)u.POT_SPAN / 10UL, u.LOWEST_FREQ, u.HIGHEST_FREQ);
????? setFrequency();
????? delay(10);
??? }
? }

? if (!u.vfoActive) // VFO A is active
??? vfoA = frequency;
? else
??? vfoB = frequency;
}

/**
?? "CW SPOT" function: When operating CW it is important that both stations transmit their carriers on the same frequency.
?? When the SPOT button is pressed while the radio is in CW mode, the RIT will be turned off and the sidetone will be generated (but no carrier will be transmitted).
?? The FINETUNE mode is then also enabled (fine tuning +/- 1000Hz). Fine tune the VFO so that the pitch of the received CW signal is equal to the pitch of the CW Spot tone.
?? By aligning the CW Spot tone to match the pitch of an incoming station's signal, you will cause your signal and the other station's signal to be exactly on the same frequency.

?? When the SPOT button is pressed while the radio is in SSB mode, the radio will only be put in FINETUNE mode (no sidetone will be generated).
*/

void checkSPOT() {
? if (digitalRead(SPOT) == LOW && !inTx) {
??? RUNmode = RUN_FINETUNING;
??? TimeOut = millis() - 1000UL;
??? if (ritOn) {
????? toggleRIT(); // disable the RIT if it was on
????? old_knob = knob_position();
??? }
? }
}

void finetune() {

? // for SPOT tuning: in CW mode only, generate short side tone pulses every one second
? if ((mode & 2) && millis() - TimeOut > 1000UL) {
??? tone(CW_TONE, u.CW_OFFSET);
??? if (millis() - TimeOut > 1150UL) {
????? noTone(CW_TONE);
????? TimeOut = millis();
??? }
? }

? int knob = knob_position(); // get the current tuning knob position
? static int fine_old;

? if (digitalRead(SPOT) == LOW && !inTx && !locked) {
??? if (firstrun) {
????? firstrun = false;
????? fine = 0;
????? fine_old = 9999;
????? shift = (5000 - knob) / 5;
??? }

??? //generate values -1000 ~ +1000 from the tuning pot
??? fine = (knob - 5000) / 5 + shift;
??? if (knob < 10 && fine > -1000 && frequency + fine > u.LOWEST_FREQ)
????? shift = shift - 10;
??? else if (knob > 10220 && fine < 1000 && frequency + fine < u.HIGHEST_FREQ)
????? shift = shift + 10;

??? if (fine != fine_old) {
????? setFrequency();????????? // apply the finetuning offset
????? updateDisplay();
??? }

??? if (mode & 2)
????? printLine(1, "SPOT + FINE TUNE");
??? else
????? printLine(1, "FINE TUNE");

??? fine_old = fine;
? }

? else { // return to normal mode when SPOT button is released
??? firstrun = true;
??? TimeOut = 0;
??? noTone(CW_TONE);
??? RUNmode = RUN_NORMAL;
??? frequency = frequency + fine; // apply the finetuning offset
??? fine = 0;
??? shiftBase();
??? old_knob = knob_position();
??? if (clicks == 10)
????? printLine(1, "--- SETTINGS ---");
? }
}

void factory_settings() {

? printLine(0, "loading standard");
? printLine(1, "settings...");

? EEPROM.put(0, u); // save all user parameters to EEPROM
? delay(1000);
}

// routine to save both VFO frequencies when they haven't changed for more than 500Hz in the past 30 seconds

void save_frequency() {
? static unsigned long t3;
? if (abs(vfoA - u.vfoA) > 500UL || abs(vfoB - u.vfoB) > 500UL) {
??? if (millis() - t3 > 30000UL) {
????? u.vfoA = vfoA;
????? u.vfoB = vfoB;
????? t3 = millis();
??? }
? }
? else
??? t3 = millis();
}

void scan() {

? int knob = knob_position();

? if (abs(knob - old_knob) > 8 || digitalRead(PTT_SENSE) || !digitalRead(FBUTTON) || (u.cap_sens == 0 && !digitalRead(KEY)) || (u.cap_sens != 0 && capaKEY) || !digitalRead(SPOT)) {
??? //stop scanning
??? TimeOut = 0; // reset the timeout counter
??? RUNmode = RUN_NORMAL;
??? shiftBase();
??? delay(400);
? }

? else if (TimeOut < millis()) {
??? if (RUNmode == RUN_SCAN) {
????? frequency = frequency + u.scan_step_freq; // change frequency
????? // test for upper limit of scan
????? if (frequency > u.scan_stop_freq * 1000UL)
??????? frequency = u.scan_start_freq * 1000UL;
????? setFrequency();
??? }
??? else // monitor mode
????? swapVFOs();

??? TimeOut = millis() + u.scan_step_delay;
? }
}

/**
?? Routine to detect whether or not the touch pads are being touched.
?? This routine is only executed when the related touch keyer mod is installed.
?? We need two 470K resistors connected from the PULSE output to either KEY and DAH inputs.
?? We send LOW to the PULSE output and as a result the internal capacitance on the KEY and DAH
?? inputs will start to discharge. After a short "threshold" delay, we test whether the
?? KEY and DAH inputs are still HIGH or already LOW.
?? When the KEY or DAH input is already LOW, it means the internal base capacitance has rapidly
?? discharged, so we can conclude the touch pad wasn't touched.
?? When the KEY or DAH input is still HIGH, it means that the pad was touched.
?? When the pad is touched, the human body adds extra capacitance to the internal base capacity,
?? and he increased capacity will not rapidly discharge within the given threshold delay time.
?? Finally we send HIGH to the pulse output allowing the capacitance to recharge for the next cycle.
?? We can control the touch sensitivity by varying the threshold delay time.
?? The minimum delay time is the base_sens value as determined by the calibration routine which
?? is executed automatically during power on.
?? With minimum delay time we will have maximum touch sensitivity. If we want to reduce the sensitivity
?? we add some extra delay time (cap_sens). The user can set the desired touch sensisitivy value in the
?? SETTINGS menu (1-25 ?s extra delay).
*/

void touch_key() {
? static unsigned long KEYup = 0;
? static unsigned long KEYdown = 0;
? static unsigned long DAHup = 0;
? static unsigned long DAHdown = 0;

? digitalWrite(PULSE, LOW);??????????????????????????? // send LOW to the PULSE output
? delayMicroseconds(base_sens_KEY + 25 - u.cap_sens);? // wait few microseconds for the KEY capacitance to discharge
? if (digitalRead(KEY)) {????????????????????????????? // test if KEY input is still HIGH
??? KEYdown = millis();??????????????????????????????? // KEY touch pad was touched
??? if (!capaKEY && millis() - KEYup > 1) {
????? capaKEY = true;
????? released = 0;
??? }
? }
? else {?????????????????????????????????????????????? // KEY touch pad was not touched
??? KEYup = millis();
??? if (capaKEY && millis() - KEYdown > 10)
????? capaKEY = false;
? }

? digitalWrite(PULSE, HIGH);?????????????????????????? // send HIGH to the PULSE output
? delayMicroseconds(50);?????????????????????????????? // allow the capacitance to recharge

? digitalWrite(PULSE, LOW);??????????????????????????? // send LOW to the PULSE output
? delayMicroseconds(base_sens_DAH + 25 - u.cap_sens);? // wait few microseconds for the DAH capacitance to discharge

? if (digitalRead(DAH)) {????????????????????????????? // test if DAH input is still HIGH
??? DAHdown = millis();??????????????????????????????? // DAH touch pad was touched
??? if (!capaDAH && millis() - DAHup > 1) {
????? capaDAH = true;
????? released = 0;
??? }
? }
? else {?????????????????????????????????????????????? // DAH touch pad was not touched
??? DAHup = millis();
??? if (capaDAH && millis() - DAHdown > 10)
????? capaDAH = false;
? }

? digitalWrite(PULSE, HIGH);?????????????????????????? // send HIGH to the PULSE output
? delayMicroseconds(50);?????????????????????????????? // allow the capacitance to recharge

? // put the touch sensors in the correct position
? if (u.key_type == 2 || u.key_type == 4) {
??? // swap capaKEY and capaDAH if paddle is reversed
??? capaKEY = capaKEY xor capaDAH;
??? capaDAH = capaKEY xor capaDAH;
??? capaKEY = capaKEY xor capaDAH;
? }
}

/**
?? Routine to calibrate the touch key pads
?? (measure the time it takes the capacitance to discharge while the touch pads are NOT touched)
?? Even when the touch pads are NOT touched, there is some internal capacitance
?? The internal capacitance may vary depending on the length and routing of the wiring
?? We measure the base capacitance so that we can use it as a baseline reference
?? (threshold delay when the pads are not touched).
*/

void calibrate_touch_pads() {
? // disable the internal pullups
? pinMode(KEY, INPUT);
? pinMode(DAH, INPUT);

? bool triggered;
? // first we calibrate the KEY (DIT) touch pad
? base_sens_KEY = 0;??????????????????? // base capacity of the KEY (DIT) touch pad
? do {
??? base_sens_KEY++;??????????????????? // increment the delay time until the KEY touch pad is no longer triggered by the base capacitance
??? triggered = false;
??? for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
????? digitalWrite(PULSE, HIGH);??????? // bring the KEY input to a digital HIGH level
????? delayMicroseconds(50);??????????? // wait a short wile to allow voltage on the KEY input to stabalize
????? digitalWrite(PULSE, LOW);???????? // now bring the KEY input to a digital LOW value
????? delayMicroseconds(base_sens_KEY); // wait few microseconds
????? if (digitalRead(KEY)) {?????????? // check 100 times if KEY input is still HIGH
??????? triggered = true;?????????????? // if KEY is still high, then it was triggered by the base capacitance
??????? i = 100;
????? }
??? }
? } while (triggered && base_sens_KEY != 255);?????????????? // keep trying until KEY input is no longer triggered

? // Next we calibrate the DAH pad
? base_sens_DAH = 0;??????????????????? // base capacity of the DAH touch pad
? do {
??? base_sens_DAH++;??????????????????? // increment the delay time until the DAH touch pad is no longer triggered by the base capacitance
??? triggered = false;
??? for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
????? digitalWrite(PULSE, HIGH);??????? // bring the KEY input to a digital HIGH level
????? delayMicroseconds(50);??????????? // wait a short wile to allow voltage on the DAH input to stabalize
????? digitalWrite(PULSE, LOW);???????? // now bring the DAH input to a digital LOW value
????? delayMicroseconds(base_sens_DAH); // wait few microseconds
????? if (digitalRead(DAH)) {?????????? // check 100 times if DAH input is still HIGH
??????? triggered = true;?????????????? // if KEY is still high, then it was triggered by the base capacitance
??????? i = 100;
????? }
??? }
? } while (triggered && base_sens_DAH != 255);???????????????? // keep trying until KEY input is no longer triggered

? if (base_sens_KEY == 255 || base_sens_DAH == 255 || base_sens_KEY == 1 || base_sens_DAH == 1) {?? // if inputs are still triggered even with max delay (255 us)
??? CapTouch_installed = false;???????????????????????? // then the base capacitance is too high (or the mod is not installed) so we can't use the touch keyer
??? u.cap_sens = 0;???????????????????????????????????? // turn capacitive touch keyer OFF
??? printLine(0, "touch sensors");
??? printLine(1, "not detected");
? }
? else if (u.cap_sens > 0) {
??? printLine(0, "touch key calibr");
??? strcpy(c, "DIT ");
??? itoa(base_sens_KEY, b, DEC);
??? strcat(c, b);
??? strcat(c, ", DAH ");
??? itoa(base_sens_DAH, b, DEC);
??? strcat(c, b);
??? strcat(c, " us");
??? printLine(1, c);
? }
? else
??? printLine(1, "touch keyer OFF");

? delay(2000);
? updateDisplay();

? //configure the morse keyer inputs
? if (u.cap_sens == 0) {?????? // enable the internal pull-ups if touch keyer is disabled
??? pinMode(KEY, INPUT_PULLUP);
??? pinMode(DAH, INPUT_PULLUP);
? }
}

/**
?? This routine is for the PBT control from the frontpanel
?? It is only executed when the PBT is enabled from the SETTINGS menu
*/

void PassBandTuning() {
? if (inTx)
??? PBT_offset = 0;???????????????????????????????? // no offset during TX (PBT works only in RX)
? else
??? PBT_offset = 2 * (analogRead(PBT) - 512); // read the analog voltage from the PBT pot (zero is centre position)
? if (abs(PBT_offset - PBT_offset_old) > 5) {
??? SetSideBand();
??? PBT_offset_old = PBT_offset;
? }
}

/**
?? setup is called on boot up
?? It setups up the modes for various pins as inputs or outputs
?? initiliaizes the Si5351 and sets various variables to initial state

?? Just in case the LCD display doesn't work well, the debug log is dumped on the serial monitor
?? Choose Serial Monitor from Arduino IDE's Tools menu to see the Serial.print messages
*/

void setup() {
? u.raduino_version = 204;
? strcpy (c, "Raduino v2.04");

? lcd.begin(16, 2);

? // Start serial and initialize the Si5351
? // Serial.begin(9600);
? analogReference(DEFAULT);

? //configure the function button to use the internal pull-up
? pinMode(FBUTTON, INPUT_PULLUP);

? //configure the SPOT button to use the internal pull-up
? pinMode(SPOT, INPUT_PULLUP);

? pinMode(TX_RX, INPUT_PULLUP);
? if (digitalRead(TX_RX)) { // Test if TX_RX line is installed
??? TXRX_installed = false;
??? u.semiQSK = false;
??? u.QSK_DELAY = 10;
? }

? pinMode(TX_RX, OUTPUT);
? digitalWrite(TX_RX, 0);
? pinMode(CW_CARRIER, OUTPUT);
? digitalWrite(CW_CARRIER, 0);
? pinMode(CW_TONE, OUTPUT);
? digitalWrite(CW_TONE, 0);
? pinMode(PULSE, OUTPUT);
? digitalWrite(PULSE, 0);

? // when Fbutton is kept pressed during power up,
? // or after a version update,
? // then all settings will be restored to the standard "factory" values
? byte old_version;
? EEPROM.get(0, old_version); // previous sketch version
? if (!digitalRead(FBUTTON) || (old_version != u.raduino_version)) {
??? factory_settings();
? }

? //configure the PTT SENSE input
? pinMode(PTT_SENSE, INPUT); //disable the internal pull-up

? // attach interrupt to the PTT_SENSE input
? // when PTT_SENSE goes from LOW to HIGH (so when PTT is keyed), execute the ISRptt routine
? attachPCINT(digitalPinToPCINT(PTT_SENSE), ISRptt, RISING);

? printLine(0, c);
? delay(1000);

? //retrieve user settings from EEPROM
? EEPROM.get(0, u);

? calibrate_touch_pads();? // measure the base capacitance of the touch pads while they're not being touched

? //initialize the SI5351
? si5351bx_init();
? si5351bx_vcoa = (SI5351BX_XTAL * SI5351BX_MSA) + u.cal * 100L; // apply the calibration correction factor

? si5351bx_drive[2] = 0;? // VFO drive level (0=2mA, 1=4mA, 2=6mA, 3=8mA)
? si5351bx_drive[0] = 0;? // BFO drive level (0=2mA, 1=4mA, 2=6mA, 3=8mA)

? vfoA = u.vfoA;
? vfoB = u.vfoB;

? if (!u.vfoActive) { // VFO A is active
??? frequency = vfoA;
??? mode = u.mode_A;
? }
? else { // VFO B is active
??? frequency = vfoB;
??? mode = u.mode_B;
? }

? if (mode > 1) // if in CW mode
??? RXshift = u.CW_OFFSET;

? SetSideBand();

? shiftBase(); //align the current knob position with the current frequency

? //display warning message when VFO calibration data was erased
? if (u.cal == CAL_VALUE) {
??? delay (1000);
??? printLine(1, "VFO uncalibrated");
??? delay(1000);
? }

? bleep(u.CW_OFFSET, 60, 3);
? bleep(u.CW_OFFSET, 180, 1);
}

void loop() {
? switch (RUNmode) {
??? case 0: // normal operation
????? if (u.cap_sens != 0)
??????? touch_key();
????? if (!inTx && millis() - max(dit, dah) > 1000) {
??????? checkButton();
??????? checkSPOT();
??????? if (clicks == 0 || clicks == 10)
????????? EEPROM.put(0, u); // save all user parameters to EEPROM
??????? if (clicks == 0 && !ritOn && !locked)
????????? printLine(1, MY_CALLSIGN);
????? }
????? checkCW();
????? checkTX();
????? if (u.PBT_enabled)
??????? PassBandTuning();
????? if (keyeron)
??????? keyer();
????? if (ritOn && !inTx)
??????? doRIT();
????? else if (millis() - max(dit, dah) > u.QSK_DELAY)
??????? doTuning();
????? return;
??? case 1: //calibration
????? calibrate();
????? break;
??? case 2: // set tuning range
????? set_tune_range();
????? break;
??? case 3: // set CW parameters
????? set_CWparams();
????? if (u.cap_sens != 0)
??????? touch_key();
????? checkCW();
????? checkTX();
????? if (keyeron)
??????? keyer();
????? return;
??? case 4: // scan mode
????? scan();
????? break;
??? case 5: // set scan paramaters
????? scan_params();
????? break;
??? case 6: // A/B monitor mode
????? scan();
????? break;
??? case 7: // Fine tuning mode
????? finetune();
????? break;
? }
? delay(100);
}

Hi Reg,

Do you have a schematic for the linear? Because I don't. Or for the
LPF.


Inspecting the LPF I note something strange - the inductors for the
40M filter are exactly the same as those for the 80M one. Same core, same # of turns. Which doesn't make a whole lot of sense.

Looking at the 5-element Chebyshev tables in the back of the ARRL handbook,
it's obvious that the 40M inductor needs to be quite a bit smaller than the
80M one ( duhhhh ).

So I get to spend some quality time unsoldering, unwinding, and measuring toroids.

- Jerry KF6VB

Chuck,

From the symptoms you describe, I would start with replacing K1. The fact that tapping on it allows it to reset suggests it is a mechanical issue.

I found a sucking desoldering tool that worked great for the 2 v4 relay sets (6 total) that I needed to replace for the harmonic suppression fix.? This is the tool that I found to work the best:


The thing is to compress the bulb before applying it to the pin and pad, let set for a few seconds then release the bulb.? It took two or three times on each pin to clear out the solder enough to free the pin.? I clear the tool by pumping the bulb over a cardboard box to catch the removed solder.? There were no board tabs damaged.

73
Evan
AC9TU

On 2021-05-20 12:10, R. Tyson via groups.io wrote:

Hi,
Are you using one of the Chinese low pass filter kits ?

** Yes, I am. Actually an assembled filter, not a kit. But I had to solder
the RF cables to it. Same vendor as the amp ( 2012moon816 ). The amp
was also assembled, with a heat sink and a cute little fan. It has its own 30MHz lowpass filter on the card.

The switchable lowpass filter has 2 coils and 3 caps for each band. There is an input for 12V to run the relays. Each relay is activated by grounding its pin. It's possible to activate multiple sections at the same time, don't know if that will improve ultimate rejection or not.

I still need to test the setup with the tinySA. But I've run out of SMA cables, need at least one more. Whups, and also need a N to BNC...

I think there's a problem with the 40M filter. Band noise goes down somewhat on 40 when I put the filter in. Also, RF output is down from 75W to 25W. Sounds like a job for the nanoVNA. Or maybe I get to just take the thing apart and measure components. Sigh.


- Jerry KF6VB









I have my

linear built and working but haven't had time to sort out low pass
filters yet. I was undecided whether to build filters or buy one of
those kits. I bought a couple of spare linear amp kits as they are so
darned cheap. I was a bit sceptical until I actually built the first
one and it worked fine. The first kit had good quality transistors.
The spare kits I bought had transistors with the make, etc ground off.
I have good branded transistors that I will use in them and throw the
unmarked ones away.
Reg G4NFR
Links:
------
[1] /g/BITX20/message/88548
[2] /mt/82962817/243852
[3] /g/BITX20/post
[4] /g/BITX20/editsub/243852
[5] /g/BITX20/leave/10189903/243852/952924773/xyzzy

Dave exactly tap on it with a screwdriver it works. I made a contact doing that I had the top off so when stopped receiving I could tap it and continue.

Forgot to mention....? I replaced R4 and R5 with higher wattage resistors. The original resistors got very hot and I didn't like that. The replacement resistors get barely warm to the touch. Might just be me being overly cautious.

Reg?????????????????????????? G4NFR

Hi,
Are you using one of the Chinese low pass filter kits ?? I have my linear built and working but haven't had time to sort out low pass filters yet. I was undecided whether to build filters or buy one of those kits. I bought a couple of spare linear amp kits as they are so darned cheap. I was a bit sceptical until I actually built the first one and it worked fine. The first kit had good quality transistors. The spare kits I bought had transistors with the make, etc ground off. I have good branded transistors that I will use in them and throw the unmarked ones away.

Reg?????????????????????????? G4NFR

On Thu, May 20, 2021 at 11:53 AM, jerry@... wrote:

And the smell... This may sound silly, but one whiff of an ARC-5 chassis, and I'm 15 years old again. Just for a moment.

That reminds me, many years ago Hoppe's (gun cleaning solvent) made a promotional air freshener in the shape of their bottle like the little trees you hang from your rear view mirror.? One whiff of that stuff and my brain is flooded with fond memories.
?
--

And the smell... This may sound silly, but one whiff of an ARC-5 chassis, and I'm 15 years old again. Just for a moment.

- Jerry KF6VB

I have had three of them fail. Also have had the control circuit fail to switch because of RF on the control line.?

So depending you should either replace the relay. If it is sticking you can sometimes tap on it with a screwdriver handle and get it to open. If it opens I would say sticky relay If it is rf start putting common mode chokes on things.Start with the antenna then try a small one on the PTT and elsewhere till it starts working. I doubt if it is in the electronics.?
--
73
Dave

And the caps would likely have been pyranol-paper, not electrolytic.

Gerry

Sent by the Thunderbird