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Re: Building HF Amp
¿ªÔÆÌåÓýHello Lawrence. ? I understand your "old-school" project. ? My Radio Amateur's Handbook, the only one I have, is from 1965. I bought it in London when I was a kid. It really inspired me. ? You don't indicate which frequencies you're considering for your project. You're starting with 3 x 4-400C. You're considering a push-pull of 2 x 4-400C, which is very easy to neutrodynize using two cross-connected capacitors. This would improve stability and gain, even in multiband. At that time, it was common to install the LC output circuit directly in the tube plate circuit. This avoided problems with the choke coil. Of course, with a push-pull, output coupling can become a problem in multiband. ? Good luck with your project. -- F1AMM Fran?ois De la part de Lawrence A Lobdell Jr via groups.io |
Re: Building HF Amp
Francois, Yes, the 3B28's and a resonant choke filter makes things complicated.? The HV power supplies as far back as the '66 Handbook use silicon diodes in a voltage doubler, capacitor input filter, with a much lower voltage plate transformer secondary (and cheaper).? But I wanted real "old school" before solid state.? Exception - my bias and screen supplies will use silicon diode rectifiers, but they will also have VR and other tubes. I thought about neutralizing the PA tubes, but most of the stuff I read says it is not necessary with a passive input circuit.? And yes, the passive input negates the low driving power needed by grid driven amps.? Ohms Law indicates I will need a peak driving power of 90 watts into a 450 ohms grid input in Class C, plate modulated use.? I will use 4 x 1800 ohm, 100 watt non-inductive resistors in parallel and a 1:9 ferrite transformer input.? ?Again, more complicated than G-G. Thanks for commenting.
On Wednesday, April 9, 2025 at 01:31:58 AM EDT, Fran?ois via groups.io <18471@...> wrote:
Hello. I'm 76 years old. I are in my L7 ! ? I will use a bridge rectifier circuit with 4 x 866A/3B28 tubes. I think you're making things a lot more complicated on this point, even though it's nice to see this type of tube working. ? 3 new Penta Labs 4-400C tubes in a parallel Are you considering neutrodynizing the PA? This is where it gets more complicated compared to a ground grid. The big advantage is the gain, but you'll lose it in the aperiodic input circuit. ? 73 -- F1AMM Fran?ois De la part de Lawrence A Lobdell Jr KF7EYF |
Re: Commander HF 2500 meter bulbs
I think I want to mount an ?LED strip right across the top of the meters and wire it to the 12V rail on the meter board and ground.?
But what I really would like to do is run 2 LED strips, 1 red and 1 green. I would like to have only red lit when in standby and only green when in operate.?
There is that extra pole not used on the standby switch. Wish it was a 3 pole switch to have 2 free poles.?
But I see 3 terminals on that unused pole, I think it may be a double through? If it is, maybe I ban have both LED strips share a neg on the center terminal. 12V on the top terminal to one strip and 12v to the bottom pole to the other strip.? I just need to confirm that the middle and bottom terminals make the short in the operate position while top and middle are open. And that top and middle terminals become short while bottom and middle open in the standby position.? If they do, then I could wire the top and bottom terminals to the 12V bar on meter board and the center terminal to ground.? Would there be a problem in that?? That would be crazy cool!! Meters turn red in standby and green in operate. |
Re: Commander HF 2500 meter bulbs
On my SB-220, I have a standby switch and I have the plate meter lamp turned off in standby and turns back on in operate.?
I wonder if there is a ways to put 2 sets of strips, 1 green and one red. Have it wired so only red is on when in standby and only green when in operate.?
or if there is suck a thing where a single strip can switch from red or green.?
the standby switch has 2 poles with only one pole in use. Wish it was 3 poles. I¡¯ll need to think about this. Would be kind of cool. Or maybe I will just keep is simple with full time on and white.?
I can get carried away, start thinking how I can turn the meters into lava lamps when in standby hi hi.? |
Re: Commander HF-2500 meter lamps and HV PS
Yes I still have a couple 2500 power supplies.
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On Friday, April 11, 2025, 1:01 PM, KG2RG via groups.io <justinandyazny@...> wrote:
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Re: Commander HF-2500 meter lamps and HV PS
Thank you Bill
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On Friday, April 11, 2025, 9:53 AM, Bill Cotter, N4LG via groups.io <n4lg@...> wrote:
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Re: Commander HF-2500 meter lamps and HV PS
On 4/11/2025 10:01 AM, KG2RG via groups.io wrote:
One friend of mine whois a brilliant buddy from AM said impossible,What he's missing in his head is the fact that power out does double as the plate voltage increases only by 1.414 while the plate resistance stays the same. This used to flummox me, too... then one day as I stared at the meters, it suddenly all clicked and now, it just happens naturally when I tune my amps. Those poor solid-state guys will never know the joy of seeing that Bird reading suddenly double when the plate switch is flicked one more position 8-D ... Steve, K0XP |
Re: Commander HF 2500 meter bulbs
I use strip LEDs fully across the top of the 2 meters. ?No problem with RF. ?Run the wire to the 12v rail on the meter board and ground.
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On Friday, April 11, 2025, 11:42 AM, KG2RG via groups.io <justinandyazny@...> wrote:
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Re: Commander HF-2500 meter lamps and HV PS
Wow, great info from both of you!!?
lou, do you still have any of those power supply boards for sale? Sounds like something handy to have.?
I had read about the power supply being in that air cooled compartment under the RF deck and the first time I had the cover off, I just Took a long stare at the RF deck and wondered how this top cover that all these parts were bolted to would come off. I also wondered why their bottom of the cabinet didn¡¯t have a removable panel.?
I figured the big parts like the tapped tank circuit and band select could and should remain buoyed to that HV compartment lid. I would just need to remove sever connections. Some leads could remain soldered to the RF deck components by simply removing the bolted in terminal to the variable tune cap. The leads that built to the variable load cap would be impossible to get to as the load cap is under the tune cap and so they would need to be on soldered from the components on the RF deck. Tubes parasitics all that would need to be removed. ?The band select has a coupling clamp and may need only one end of the clamp removed. May be a good idea to mar the blame and shaft so they align back to avoid having to re index the band select positions.?
There¡¯s also a little hole with a wire that comes through that panel somewhere in the area between the tube and plate choke. Mrobably should also remove the? horizontally, mounted, choke, may or may not be necessary, but this was my thinking at the time before reading Lou¡¯s comments.?
my Vp also reads low. On the Vp meter, I think each little line is 60V and so mine is reading roughly 2,175Vp.?
I believe the inaccurate low Vp reading is do to out of tolerance resistors that are likely on the power supply board, 3 at 1meg, and 1 at 150K, all 2W.? I really enjoy having accurate meters. I have some other amps and I enjoy calculating the plate impedance, input power and efficiency.? plate impudence = Vp / Ip
input power watts = Vp X Ip
efficiency = output watts / input watts X 100
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so I never can tell what¡¯s really happening with my commander until I can replace those resistors.?
Have always been interested in how the novice back in the day kept their home brew rigs compliant to 75W input and even the General and up classes back when the legal limit was 1KW DC input to the final amp.?
the Heathkit SB 220 amplifier really amazed me on how they designed this for hams to tune up. This was very clever.
I learned a few interesting facts about the SB-220 and some operational history on how they use to legally tune it up in the old days when the law was 1000W DC input to the final amp. Back in the 60¡¯s when they designed it, the heathkit engineers were clever.?
Because the duty cycle of voice modulation is 50% or less, you could legally operate at 2KW input on SSB. But how do you tune up the amplifier to 2KW without exceeding the 1KW limit?? This is how the engineers made it possible. By using 2 high voltage settings that differ by the square root of 2 (1.4X)
When you tune, the amplifier output network, you are transforming the load impedance to a much higher plate impedance. That transformer and penis remains the same regardless of the plate voltage. Power is related to the square root of the voltage. ?If you increase the voltage by 1.4, you increase the power by 1.4 squared (2X) so you tune in the lower voltage tap to 1KW PEP and then switch to the 1.4x high voltage tap, the SSB position. ?You would only need to possibly increase your exciter drive level to match the same plate impedance but you would not need to adjust the load or plate on the amplifier.
Here is the example of how the engineers intended for everyone to tune up.?
In the CW/Tune position, tune up with your CW key. Stop whenever you want at whatever power out you want and if your using a scope, get your trapezoid linear with the proper amount of loading and dip your plate and all that good stuff. Now that you¡¯re done, make a note of your voltage on the plate and your plate current.?
Vp= Plate Voltage
Ip= Plate Current.? So if I have the following parameters:
Vp= 2190V Ip= 450mA Then I need to know my plate impedance.?
Vp / Ip = plate impudence? 2190/.450=4,867 Ohms.?
Remember this plate impudence because this is about the plate impedance we will need to put the amp at in the SSB high V tap.? Now switch to SSB high tap and key down fast and take note of the Vp under load.?
Let¡¯s say your Vp=2780V
Vp / plate impedance = the Ip you need to be at in the SSB high tap.? 2780/4867=0.571?
You need to key down in SSB and increase exciter drive lever until your at Ip 571 or close. Say past the 5 and between the 3rd and 4th line is 570mA Ip.? Ok, your now at:
Vp= 2780 Ip= 570mA That¡¯s it, your done! You do not need to adjust your load or dip the plate with the tune. You should now be at the same plate impedance in the high tap as you were when you tuned and dip the plate in the low tap.?
Let¡¯s see. Remember our plate impedance in the low tap tune position was 4867 ohms.?
Vp / Ip = plate impedance
High tap values Vp 2780 / Ip 570mA = 4869 plate impedance. Same impedance you already tuned and dipped your plate in the low tub tuneup.? Of course you don¡¯t have to do any of that now with our current power allocations but I just love the history of exactly how they designed this amplifier.
some may already know this but I have had many people swear this is incorrect. One friend of mine who
is a brilliant buddy from AM said impossible, makes no sense, not possible. About an hour later he wrote me back and said the numbers and math definitely match up, but I don¡¯t know how this is possible, I¡¯m still trying to figure out and get my head around it, I must be missing something. I have run this test hundreds of times with a scope and every time I have done it, it¡¯s dead on and everything is perfectly loaded and linear with proper load coupling, and the plate dipped and the tube resonant. This is how it was designed and why.?
anyway, I would love to have all metrics super accurate because it¡¯s part of the enjoyment of operating
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Re: Commander HF 2500 meter bulbs
Thanks Lou!?
placing lamps above the meter is where they should have been. I don¡¯t mind the extra work taking things apart and spending time doing a job. I love working on projects with the Collins R-388 playing oldies and it¡¯s just a FB way to was some time. But to do all this work just to chance bulbs is nuts.? Maybe I can run some short leads from the meter board where the currently build are soldered in now. Have those leads nearly route up to the top of the meters and maybe to a bulb housing mounted somehow to the top of the meters to easily pop out bad bulbs and pop in new ones.?
is the top of those meters transparent enough to pass a sufficient ?amount of light??
where would I be able to buy 12V .8A LED strips and mount housing.?
would you recommend a capacitor across the terminals for RF protection, and if so, what type and value.? thanks! |
Re: Commander HF-2500 meter lamps and HV PS
Hi Louis,
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Thanks for the suggestion. I didn't realize dropping the rear panel was that easy. I hope I don't have to go through this again, hi! And, I did get one of your PS boards for the future, it is a really nice product. 73 Bill N4LG At 09:25 AM 4/11/2025, Louis Parascondola via groups.io wrote:
When you want to get to the power supply on these amps you don?€?t remove anything on the RF deck. The way to get to the PS is to loosen the set screws on the band switch and variable caps. Remove wires from the terminal strip for the fan, drop the rear panel, unsolder the coax from the balun or at the relay. Remove wires from terminal strip in the back. Flip amp over on side and remove the screws holding the entire RF chassis. Slide the whole RF deck out. Flip it over on the bench and work on it from the bottom. Sounds like a lot but I?€?m comparison it?€?s simple. Since I?€?ve done it quite a few times I?€?m down to about 20-30 minutes to yank the deck out. I have a replacement board to slap back in fully populated. Most of the time the PC board is scorched and the traces lift off the board. The board is ruined. Cheap board . Newer boards have masking and traces don?€?t lift. Original carbon resistor change value and the HV meter reads low. |
Re: Commander HF-2500 meter lamps and HV PS
When you want to get to the power supply on these amps you don¡¯t remove anything on the RF deck. ?The way to get to the PS is to loosen?the set screws on the band switch and variable caps. ?Remove wires from the terminal strip for the fan, drop the rear panel, unsolder the coax from the balun or at the relay. ?Remove wires from terminal strip in the back. ?Flip amp over on side and remove the screws holding the entire RF chassis. ?Slide the whole RF deck out. ?Flip it over on the bench and work on it from the bottom. ?Sounds like a lot but I¡¯m comparison it¡¯s simple. ?Since I¡¯ve done it quite a few times I¡¯m down to about 20-30 minutes to yank the deck out. ?I have a replacement board to slap back in?fully populated. ?Most of the time the PC board is scorched and the traces lift off the board. ?The board is ruined. ?Cheap board . ?Newer boards have masking and traces don¡¯t lift. ?Original carbon resistor change value and the HV meter reads low.
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On Friday, April 11, 2025, 9:06 AM, Bill Cotter, N4LG via groups.io <n4lg@...> wrote:
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Re: Commander HF 2500 meter bulbs
On all the HF2500 amps I buy or repair for customers I install strip LEDs above the meters. ?I don¡¯t want to mess again taking the amp apart for meter bulbs. ?The originals are fuse type bulbs. ?Obviously someone changed the originals for these. ?I suggest the LED strip above the meters. ?The amp 12v??is rated 1 amp. ?There¡¯s nowhere near one amp drawn some 100ma of LED strip is no problem.
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On Friday, April 11, 2025, 7:33 AM, KG2RG via groups.io <justinandyazny@...> wrote:
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Commander HF-2500 meter lamps and HV PS
Justin,
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I have a couple of HF-2500 amplifiers I've used for many years and experienced the same failure of the meter lamps. The earlier HF-2500 (single meter) has two bulbs and the later (two meter) has four. I put up with no lamps for sometime and then just gave in to fixing the problem when another issue cropped up. I noticed that the plate voltage indicated on the front panel meter of the HF-2500 (dual meter) seemed quite low, and did not match the voltage read with a HV probe on the anodes of the PA tubes by over 500VDC. I decided to fix it, and replace the three meter lamps that were not lit. At the time I did not realize what a tall-order fixing the HV meter would be. Lamps first, I replaced the four incandescent lamps with 3800K Bright-Warm-White LEDs from a pinball supply company. These are in a #47 lamp form factor and are commonly used to replace lamps in boatanchor gear with 6.3VAC on the lamp. The current draw was something like 25mA each and I wired each meter pair in series. I also strapped a .001uf disc across each lamp to keep any RF out of the LED. There is also a published mod to the metering board where you replace the 7812 three terminal 12VDC 1A regulator with a 78S12 2A regulator. It solves the marginal current supply issue. The real pain was fixing the HV meter. As you may already know, the HV PS board is located under the RF deck. Nearly every part in the tank circuit must be removed to access the HV power supply board, as well as the front panel and more. It requires all this removal of "stuff" to take out a plate under the RF deck components that the HV board is mounted on. When I finally got the HV board out I found that the series resistors for the meter had gone way up in value. This probably was due to the dissipation in the three marginal wattage resistors, and the heat from all the bleeder resistors in the confined space. The air flow from the fan has about half of the air going to the right-hand tube closest to the fan, and the second half of the air passes through the HV compartment before it get to the left tube. So the left tube runs at a higher temperature. Go figure. While I was in the HV compartment I replaced all the filter capacitors with 105C types and replaced all the bleeder resistors and metering resistors with higher dissipation parts. I left the diodes as-is. Once reassembled, it worked great and the HV meter read correctly. After all this work I saw an ad from Palstar who apparently bought the Commander line and did a lot of upgrades on the already great amplifier. One significant change they made was to install a "door-plate" on the bottom of the RF deck to make easy access to the PS circuit board. If I ever have to do this again, I will cut a door in the bottom, hi! 73 Bill N4LG At 03:24 AM 4/11/2025, KG2RG via groups.io wrote:
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hf2500 bulb and regulator mod.pdf
hf2500 bulb and regulator mod.pdf
Commander HF-2500 Disassembly.pdf
Commander HF-2500 Disassembly.pdf
HF2500 Amplifier on 30M.pdf
HF2500 Amplifier on 30M.pdf
Tetrode Tuning.pdf
Tetrode Tuning.pdf
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Commander HF 2500 meter bulbs
Hello,?
I have a Commander HF 2500. Have not had it to long. When I got it, only 1 of the 4 meter bulbs was working. After about 3 month, the bulb went dark.?
I believe there is a 12V 1A regulator that supplies the meter bulbs and the relay. I read the pulls are Festoon type and need to be no more the 0.08A each so to not exceed max current and cause the relay to no key. I finally got in there and they are not the fuse looking type bulbs. They are little bulbs with with short leads soldered to the meter board.?
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i finally got in there because I had another Issue with the standby switch. I think the standby switch was intermittent and a relay was not keying sometimes. I started noticing the problem when I would first turn on the amplifier after the short warm-up., I placed the standby switch into operate and the amp would not key. At first, I thought this issue may have been the regulator or something else, but I started to notice the symptoms would often happen after using the standby switch. I originally planned to bypass the switch and see if the problem went away and then I could replace the standby rocker switch. But when I got in there, I noticed there was another set of poles that were vacant and likely never used so I decided to utilize it those and see how things went. I cleaned all of the contacts and the plugs on the wire wires with deoxIt, And then plugged the wires onto the never used terminals on the other pole. So far it¡¯s been great for the past 24 hours. I¡¯ll give it some time, but if the problem comes back, then I¡¯ll try bypassing it and if the problem still persist during bypass, I¡¯ll look to see other possible causes but so far things are good and my fingers are crossed.?
after messing around with the standby switch, I pulled the metering board out and surprise, it was not the fuse type bulbs. These bulbs had short leads soldered to the meter board.
?
does anyone have a recommended replacement bulb suggestion? They likely need to be 12VDC at 0.08A. I should¡¯ve used my caliber to measure the size so I¡¯m not sure what size and what type of bulb or where I can source replacements. Any help would Be very appreciated!?
kG2RG
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12 KW CCS on 160-15M.... USING the 3CX-6000A7...... PART 24
12 KW CCS on 160-15M.... USING the 3CX-6000A7...... PART 24
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Some more progress made. Paralleled mercury contactors and step start resistors installed. Modified step start board installed. Also, a pair of 5AGC fuse holders plus 3 x small breakers. Then the large twist lock for aux items, like the 330 cfm squirrel cage blower for the RF deck etc. A pair of (black) 250 amp CCS rated.. 'supercon' connectors also mounted (for the 240 vac connection over to the pair of paralleled plate xfmrs, that reside in a separate cabinet.... each rated at 5300 vac @ 1.5 amp CCS). The back end of those supercon connectors use a 1/2" stud. The mating plug that goes on the power cable, will handle a max of 250 mcm power cable. At the far left is the pair of red 100 amp supercon connectors..... used for the 79 amp filament xfmr. Those use 5/16" studs on their back ends. The mating 100 amp supercon connector that goes on the mating power cable, will handle a max of 1-0 power cable. It's getting there, albeit slowly, due to time constraints, etc. The previous 20 x 2500 uf lytic assy will be installed in the same cabinet as the fil xfmr, variac, etc. That's what the open space on the chassis will be used for...along with the HV rectifier assy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDo4ck3iGKA |
Re: Building HF Amp
¿ªÔÆÌåÓýHello. I'm 76 years old. I are in my L7 ! ? I will use a bridge rectifier circuit with 4 x 866A/3B28 tubes. I think you're making things a lot more complicated on this point, even though it's nice to see this type of tube working. ? 3 new Penta Labs 4-400C tubes in a parallel Are you considering neutrodynizing the PA? This is where it gets more complicated compared to a ground grid. The big advantage is the gain, but you'll lose it in the aperiodic input circuit. ? 73 -- F1AMM Fran?ois De la part de Lawrence A Lobdell Jr KF7EYF |