Thanks for all the info and tips:
- nail or rocks in the tire? Unlikely, since the noise is very sensitive to throttle position (and goes away entirely if you are decelerating).
- which side is the noise on? W. Li points out that it may be hard to hear, and fixed the issue by changing out CV joints on both sides.
- Steve points out that having changed the right axle, might make sense to change the left one too so both are the same age.
Therefore, I'm leaning towards changing the left axle too. They are only $100 at Europarts-sd.com so not a large cost. I did the right side myself a few weeks ago and it was a 2-3 hour job (would have been easier with a helper, but with some big pry bars and a bottle jack, was doable solo).
Any thoughts about whether the left axle replacement is easier or harder than right?