DeepSeek 2
Why DeepSeek Could Change What Silicon Valley Believes About A.I. A new A.I. model, released by a scrappy Chinese upstart, has rocked Silicon Valley and upended several fundamental assumptions about A.I. progress. Listen to this article ¡¤ 9:13 min Learn more Share full article 421 Markets panicked after DeepSeek¡¯s breakthrough on cost challenged the ¡°bigger is better¡± narrative that has driven the A.I. arms race in recent years.Credit...Bryan R. Smith/Agence France-Presse ¡ª Getty Images By Kevin Roose Reporting from San Francisco Jan. 28, 2025, 5:02 a.m. ET The artificial intelligence breakthrough that is sending shock waves through stock markets, spooking Silicon Valley giants, and generating breathless takes about the end of America¡¯s technological dominance arrived with an unassuming, wonky title: ¡°Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.¡± The 22-page paper, released last week by a scrappy Chinese A.I. start-up called DeepSeek, didn¡¯t immediately set off alarm bells. It took a few days for researchers to digest the paper¡¯s claims, and the implications of what it described. The company had created a new A.I. model called DeepSeek-R1, built by a team of researchers who claimed to have used a modest number of second-rate A.I. chips to match the performance of leading American A.I. models at a fraction of the cost. DeepSeek said it had done this by using clever engineering to substitute for raw computing horsepower. And it had done it in China, a country many experts thought was in a distant second place in the global A.I. race. Some industry watchers initially reacted to DeepSeek¡¯s breakthrough with disbelief. Surely, they thought, DeepSeek had cheated to achieve R1¡¯s results, or fudged their numbers to make their model look more impressive than it was. Maybe the Chinese government was promoting propaganda to undermine the narrative of American A.I. dominance. Maybe DeepSeek was hiding a stash of illicit Nvidia H100 chips, banned under U.S. export controls, and lying about it. Maybe R1 was actually just a clever re-skinning of American A.I. models that didn¡¯t represent much in the way of real progress. Advertisement SKIP ADVERTISEMENT Eventually, as more people dug into the details of DeepSeek-R1 ¡ª which, unlike most leading A.I. models, was released as open-source software, allowing outsiders to examine its inner workings more closely ¡ª their skepticism morphed into worry. And late last week, when lots of Americans started to use DeepSeek¡¯s models for themselves, and the DeepSeek mobile app hit the number one spot on Apple¡¯s App Store, it tipped into full-blown panic. I¡¯m skeptical of the most dramatic takes I¡¯ve seen over the past few days ¡ª such as the claim, made by one Silicon Valley investor, that DeepSeek is an elaborate plot by the Chinese government to destroy the American tech industry. I also think it¡¯s plausible that the company¡¯s shoestring budget has been badly exaggerated, or that it piggybacked on advancements made by American A.I. firms in ways it hasn¡¯t disclosed. But I do think that DeepSeek¡¯s R1 breakthrough was real. Based on conversations I¡¯ve had with industry insiders, and a week¡¯s worth of experts poking around and testing the paper¡¯s findings for themselves, it appears to be throwing into question several major assumptions the American tech industry has been making. The first is the assumption that in order to build cutting-edge A.I. models, you need to spend huge amounts of money on powerful chips and data centers. Editors¡¯ Picks Flu Season Is in Full Swing. When Do You Need Tamiflu? The Hitchhiker¡¯s Guide to the Hummingbird Asheville¡¯s Big Attraction, Its Food Scene, Tries to Hit Reset SKIP ADVERTISEMENT Advertisement SKIP ADVERTISEMENT It¡¯s hard to overstate how foundational this dogma has become. Companies like Microsoft, Meta and Google have already spent tens of billions of dollars building out the infrastructure they thought was needed to build and run next-generation A.I. models. They plan to spend tens of billions more ¡ª or, in the case of OpenAI, as much a
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DeepSeek
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-deepseeks-ai-model-just-became-the-top-rated-app-in-the-u-s/ "free for users to download" "improved energy efficiency" Uses less-expensive chips Open source January 27, 2025 4 min read Why DeepSeek¡¯s AI Model Just Became the Top-Rated App in the U.S. A Chinese start-up has stunned the technology industry¡ªand financial markets¡ªwith a cheaper, lower-tech AI assistant that matches the state of the art By Stephanie Pappas edited by Jeanna Bryner Weiquan Lin/Getty Images Artificial Intelligence DeepSeek¡¯s artificial intelligence assistant made big waves on Monday, becoming the top-rated app in Apple¡¯s App Store and sending tech stocks into a downward tumble. What¡¯s all the fuss about? DeepSeek, a Chinese start-up, surprised the tech industry with a new model that rivals the abilities of OpenAI¡¯s most recent one¡ªwith far less investment and reduced-capacity chips. The U.S. bans exports of state-of-the-art computer chips to China and limits sales of chip-making equipment. DeepSeek, based in the eastern Chinese city of Hangzhou, reportedly had a stockpile of high-performance Nvidia A100 chips that it had acquired prior to the ban¡ªso its engineers could have used those chips to develop the model. But in a key breakthrough, the start-up says it instead used much lower-powered Nvidia H800 chips to train the new model, dubbed DeepSeek-R1. ¡°We¡¯ve seen, up to now, that the success of large tech companies working in AI was measured in how much money they raised, not necessarily in what the technology actually was,¡± says Ashlesha Nesarikar, CEO of the AI company Plano Intelligence. ¡°I think we¡¯ll be paying a lot more attention to what tech is underpinning these companies¡¯ different products.¡± On common AI tests in mathematics and coding, DeepSeek-R1 matched the scores of Open AI¡¯s o1 model, according to VentureBeat. U.S. companies don¡¯t disclose the cost of training their own large language models (LLMs), the systems that undergird popular chatbots such as ChatGPT. But OpenAI CEO Sam Altman told an audience at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2023 that training the company¡¯s LLM GPT-4 cost more than $100 million. In contrast, DeepSeek says it made its new model for less than $6 million. DeepSeek-R1 is free for users to download, while the comparable version of ChatGPT costs $200 a month. DeepSeek¡¯s $6-million number doesn¡¯t necessarily reflect how much money would have been needed to build such an LLM from scratch, Nesarikar says. The reported cost of DeepSeek-R1 may represent a fine-tuning of its latest version. Nevertheless, she says, the model¡¯s improved energy efficiency would make AI more accessible to more people in more industries. The increase in efficiency could be good news when it comes to AI¡¯s environmental impact because the computational cost of generating new data with an LLM is four to five times higher than a typical search engine query. Because it requires less computational power, the cost of running DeepSeek-R1 is a tenth of that of similar competitors, says Hancheng Cao, an incoming assistant professor of information systems and operations management at Emory University. ¡°For academic researchers or start-ups, this difference in the cost really means a lot,¡± Cao says. Curated by Our Editors Do Chatbots Just Need More Time to ¡®Think¡¯? Lauren Leffer Could Inflicting Pain Test AI for Sentience? Conor Purcell Google Makes a Major Quantum Computing Breakthrough Dan Garisto AI Chatbots Will Never Stop Hallucinating Lauren Leffer DeepSeek achieved its model¡¯s efficiency in several ways, says Anil Ananthaswamy, author of Why Machines Learn: The Elegant Math behind Modern AI. DeepSeek-R1 has about 670 billion parameters, or variables it learns from during training, making it the largest open-source LLM yet, Ananthaswamy explains. But the model uses an architecture called ¡°mixture of experts¡± so that only a relevant fraction of these parameters¡ªtens of billions instead of hundreds of billions¡ªare activated for any given query. This cuts down on computing costs. The De
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US Energy Companies prefer US inside Paris Agreement
6
https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trumps-climate-withdrawal-creates-rare-discord-with-big-oil-2025-01-22/ "the withdrawal only limits Washington's ability to influence an ongoing global energy transition" "Chamber of Commerce's Global Energy Institute representing U.S. energy companies, said its members would have preferred Trump keep the U.S. involved in the pact." Trump's climate withdrawal creates rare discord with Big Oil By Valerie Volcovici and Sheila Dang January 22, 202511:54 PM GMT+2Updated 3 days ago Item 1 of 3 A view of an oil pump jack on the prairies near Claresholm, Alberta, Canada January 18, 2025. REUTERS/Todd Korol [1/3]A view of an oil pump jack on the prairies near Claresholm, Alberta, Canada January 18, 2025. REUTERS/Todd Korol Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab Summary Companies Withdrawal from Paris agreement increases regulatory ambiguity, risks US energy firms planning long-term investments in technologies aimed at fighting climate change US oil industry prefers engagement in global climate talks WASHINGTON, Jan 22 (Reuters) - U.S. oil and gas producers are thrilled that President Donald Trump wants to encourage domestic energy development but say his decision to withdraw the United States from international climate cooperation will not help their investment plans in the global transition to cleaner energy. The position reflects a rare note of discord between Trump and Big Oil, one of his most important constituencies and long considered the top villain behind climate change for pumping and selling the fossil fuels driving planetary warming. Advertisement ¡¤ Scroll to continue Report this ad Removing the United States from the Paris climate deal for the second time was among a flurry of first-day moves by Trump aimed at pumping up already record high domestic energy production, sending a signal to the rest of the world the U.S. will no longer engage in multilateral efforts to combat climate change. He called the decade-old pact to limit global warming a "rip off" that puts the U.S. at a competitive disadvantage to China. Advertisement ¡¤ Scroll to continue Report this ad Big U.S. oil companies, however, believe the withdrawal only limits Washington's ability to influence an ongoing global energy transition and exposes them to an uneven regulatory environment, according to Reuters interviews with industry representatives. Marty Durbin, president of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce's Global Energy Institute representing U.S. energy companies, said its members would have preferred Trump keep the U.S. involved in the pact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Retreat From Clean Energy Puts the US Out of Step With the World
https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/23/climate/trump-global-energy-transition.html Kelly Sims Gallagher, dean of the Fletcher School at Tufts University, said the United States need not retreat aggressively from renewables, as the Trump administration vows. Doing so only cedes ground to its biggest rival, China, she said. Trump¡¯s Retreat From Clean Energy Puts the U.S. Out of Step With the World Most major economies are investing in ever-cheaper solar and wind power. The United States risks further ceding a global market to China. Listen to this article ¡¤ 5:32 min Learn more Share full article Open modal at item 1 of 4 Open modal at item 2 of 4 Open modal at item 3 of 4 Open modal at item 4 of 4 Clockwise from top left: A wind farm on China¡¯s Bohai Sea; solar in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Britain¡¯s last coal-burning plant in Ratcliffe-on-Soar, now shuttered; a car dealership in Oslo, Norway.. By Somini Sengupta Jan. 23, 2025 Sign up for Your Places: Global Update. All the latest news for any part of the world you select. Get it sent to your inbox. President Trump¡¯s repudiation of renewable-energy technologies stands to make the United States an outlier in the world. Many of its large-economy peers are choosing a different path. Even as coal, oil and gas still power the global economy, and more fossil fuels are burned year after year, the movement globally is toward heavy investment in solar, wind and batteries, the prices of which have fallen sharply in recent years. The European Union has aggressively moved away from coal. Its use of natural gas is declining, and last year solar alone made up 11 percent of power generation across the 27-country bloc, inching above coal, according to a new analysis by Ember, a research group. Britain closed its last coal-burning power plant last year, and its government has said it would issue no new drilling licenses in the North Sea. Norway, a petrostate that has enriched itself with oil exports, offers such attractive incentives for clean transport that 90 percent of new cars sold in 2024 were electric. Advertisement SKIP ADVERTISEMENT Even Saudi Arabia, the world¡¯s biggest oil exporter, has set a goal to generate half of its electricity from renewable energy by 2030. China is in a league of its own. It burns more coal than any country by far, making it the world¡¯s biggest emitter of planet-heating greenhouse gases. But at the same time, it is home to nearly two-thirds of all the world¡¯s utility-scale solar and wind projects under construction. China¡¯s dominance of the manufacturing of inexpensive solar panels has driven down the price of solar energy globally. And its companies are setting up electric vehicle factories as far afield as Thailand and Brazil. 2024 Brought the World to a Dangerous Warming Threshold. Now What? Global temperatures last year crept past a key goal, raising questions about how much nations can stop the planet from heating up further. Worldwide, investors poured nearly twice as much money into renewable energy in 2024 as they did into fossil fuels, according to the International Energy Agency. ¡°The world is undergoing an energy transition that is unstoppable,¡± Simon Stiell, the head of the United Nations¡¯ climate agency, said Tuesday at the World Economic Forum gathering in Davos, Switzerland. Mr. Trump¡¯s energy-related executive orders, many issued on his first day in office, seek to make it easier for companies to produce oil and gas, and empower the government to stop clean-energy projects that have already been approved. (Coal use has sharply declined in the United States, mainly because of the availability of cheap fracked gas.) Advertisement SKIP ADVERTISEMENT ¡°Doubling down on fossil fuels puts the U.S. on a very different trajectory than Asian and European economies in particular,¡± said Chris Seiple, vice chairman for renewables at Wood Mackenzie, a research firm. Trump Administration: Live Updates Updated Jan. 23, 2025, 9:07 p.m. ET3 hours ago Trump pardons anti-abortion activists who blockaded a clinic in Washington. Trump bars transgender women from U.S. pri
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Utility Seeks Buyers for Failed Nuclear Project
South Carolina Utility Seeks Buyers for Failed Nuclear Project The utility, Santee Cooper, is trying to sell two nuclear reactors that it abandoned in 2017 as tech companies seek new sources of electricity for data centers. Listen to this article ¡¤ 3:50 min Learn more Share full article The V.C. Summer power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., in 2016. Construction on two new reactors was halted in 2017 because of delays and cost overruns.Credit...Chuck Burton/Associated Press By Danielle Kaye Jan. 22, 2025 A major power provider in South Carolina started accepting bids from buyers on Wednesday to finish two nuclear reactors, hoping to take advantage of the recent interest in the energy source from technology companies. The utility, Santee Cooper, wants to sell the reactors that were mothballed in 2017 before they were half complete. Its decision comes as the tech industry, which is rapidly building power-hungry data centers, has begun looking to nuclear plants for their ability to provide lots of electricity around the clock without releasing emissions responsible for climate change. But delays and cost overruns have dogged nuclear power in recent decades in the United States. When Santee Cooper halted construction of the two reactors, at the V.C. Summer power plant, it left them less than 40 percent built and stalled a project once billed as a notable step forward for nuclear power generation in the United States. The company and a partner, South Carolina Electric & Gas, spent about $9 billion on the incomplete reactors. Santee Cooper said it was working with the investment firm Centerview Partners to field proposals from potential buyers until May 5. The company added that it did not intend to own or operate the reactors once they are complete. Advertisement SKIP ADVERTISEMENT ¡°We are seeing renewed interest in nuclear energy, fueled by advanced manufacturing investments, AI-driven data center demand, and the tech industry¡¯s zero-carbon targets,¡± Jimmy Staton, Santee Cooper¡¯s chief executive, said in a statement. Initially proposed in 2007 ¡ª at a time when industry officials were predicting a resurgence in nuclear power ¡ª the South Carolina project grappled with a shifting energy landscape before it stalled a decade later. Improvements in energy efficiency caused demand for electricity to plateau nationwide during those years, while a hydraulic fracturing boom flooded the country with cheap natural gas, a lot of which is burned in power plants to generate electricity. V.C. Summer has one large operating nuclear reactor that was built in 1982 and is run by Dominion Energy, a utility company in Richmond, Va., that bought South Carolina Electric & Gas in 2019. That reactor is not part of the sale of the two incomplete reactors owned by Santee Cooper. The energy landscape has shifted again in recent years. Several tech giants, including Microsoft, Amazon and Alphabet, have said they would help fund nuclear reactor construction to support their artificial intelligence expansion. The federal government also stepped in to support the resurgence of interest in nuclear power. In September, the Energy Department said it had finalized a $1.52 billion loan guarantee to help a company restart a shuttered nuclear plant in Michigan. Congress and the Biden administration offered billions of dollars in subsidies to keep older nuclear plants running and to build new reactors. While President Trump has opposed and sought to repeal many of former President Joseph R. Biden Jr.¡¯s energy and climate policies, he has said he supports nuclear energy. Editors¡¯ Picks My Son Wants to Pay for His Sister to Freeze Her Eggs. Too Weird? Two Houses, Alike in Dignity, in Fair Verona (Plus One in West Orange) Was That a 900 or 1080 on the Halfpipe? X Games Can Now Ask A.I. Advertisement SKIP ADVERTISEMENT Globally, demand for nuclear power has been growing in recent years alongside mounting concern about climate change. Nuclear reactors can generate electricity without emitting planet-warming greenhouse gases. But environmentalists and some other critics no
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Mikroreaktors
4
https://spectrum.ieee.org/microreactor?utm_source=techalert&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=techalert-01-16-25&utm_content=httpsspectrumieeeorgmicroreactor&mkt_tok=NzU2LUdQSC04OTkAAAGYDqBX7yiPBcsR1tZMQxCHZkvpQmmQosRi8FljxyYQivZtIk0hvScF1SMDznO7kuvQW5qCHEY8vZ622N84nzyB0SzagZdntZFJvXu9nXAHPHRqsry3W7ioL5U
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Noorwee se EVs
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https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cg52543v6rmo
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What happens when a plastic city burns
What happens when a plastic city burns Most modern couches are basically blocks of gasoline. Thursday, January 16, 2025 Welcome to The Weekly Planet, a newsletter that provides a guide for living through climate change. Did someone forward you this newsletter? Sign up here. Zo? Schlanger Staff writer The Threat of Plastic (Ariel Fisher) View in browser As flames rip through Los Angeles County, burning restaurants, businesses, and whole blocks of houses, it¡¯s clear that the threat of urban fire has returned to the United States. But this time, the urban landscape is different: Modern homes are full of plastic, turning house fires into chemical-laced infernos that burn hotter, faster, and more toxic than their predecessors. Firefighters are warning that the smoke pouring out of neighborhoods in Southern California is a poisonous soup, in part because of the ubiquity of plastics and other petrochemical products inside them. ¡°It¡¯s one of the reasons why we can¡¯t put firefighters in front of these houses,¡± the Cal Fire battalion chief David Acuna told me on Monday. After any lifesaving work has been done, keeping firefighters in the toxic air is too great a risk. Very few fixtures of the modern home are entirely free of plastic. If your couch is like many available on the market today, it¡¯s made of polyester fabric (plastic) wrapped around polyurethane foam (plastic). When polyurethane foam burns, it releases potentially deadly hydrogen-cyanide gas. Perhaps those plastic-wrapped plastic cushions sit on a frame of solid wood, or perhaps the frame is made from an engineered wood product held together with polymer-based glues (plastic). Consider, too, the ubiquity of vinyl plank flooring, popular for its resistance to scuffing, and vinyl siding, admired for its durability. Then there is foam insulation, laminate countertops, and the many synthetic textiles in our bedding and curtains and carpets. Nearly all house paint on the market is best understood as pigment suspended in liquid plastic. Research has long shown that exposure to the tiny particles that make up wildfire smoke is a major health hazard; as I¡¯ve written before, wildfire smoke kills thousands of people prematurely each year and is linked to a range of maladies. Burning trees release gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, along with tiny solid particles called PM2.5, which can penetrate deep into a person¡¯s lungs and circulate in their blood stream, and are linked to heart and lung problems, low birth weight, preterm birth, and cognitive impairment. A burning town takes many of the chemical hazards of a burning forest and adds in a suite of new ones, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind, an atmospheric chemist at the University of British Columbia, told me. As structure fires eat through the plethora of materials inside a home, they can release not just hydrogen-cyanide gas but also hydrochloric acid, dioxins, furans, aerosolized phthalates, and a range of other gaseous contaminants broadly known as volatile organic compounds. Some may be harmless. Others are associated with health problems. As gas-detection technology improves, ¡°we¡¯re discovering new molecules of incomplete combustion that we didn¡¯t know existed,¡± Borduas-Dedekind said. ¡°When you¡¯re burning a home or an entire neighborhood, we don¡¯t have a handle on the breadth of VOCs being emitted.¡± And many of these can react with one another in the atmosphere, creating yet more compounds. Whereas N95 masks are good for filtering out the fine particles associated with fire smoke, they do nothing for these gases; only a gas mask can filter them out. Plastic is made from petroleum, and petroleum burns fast and hot. A retired Maryland state fire marshal told Newsweek that, from a fire perspective, a typical couch is akin to a block of gasoline. Acuna invited me to think of placing a log on a campfire: It takes some time to heat up, charring first. It eventually ignites and becomes a steady fire, releasing its heat at a slow, consistent rate over, say, 20 minutes. If you threw a two-liter soda bottle on a campfire (wh
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SA Skot maak grootskaals omega-3 uit whisky-afvalwater
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https://www.euronews.com/green/2025/01/05/it-was-a-bit-of-a-no-brainer-how-scotlands-whisky-distilleries-now-help-prevent-overfishin Op energie-doeltreffende manier. Waarvoor sy mpy as Earthshot finalis benoem is.
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Eskom sabotasie
3
Die Burger berig vandag dat Eskom geen aanduidings van sabotasie gekry het soos wat De Ruyter beweer het nie. Ek skat hulle wou nie tekens sien nie. Ek herinner my dat ons by verskeie gelenthede foto's van afgesaagde stoom en ander pype gesien het! Ek hoop Andr¨¦ help hulle reg. PW
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Interessant maar ook ontstellend
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https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-real-reason-people-dont-trust-in-science-has-nothing-to-do-with/ Prof Riaan Wolhuter | PhD Pr Eng SMIEEE SMSAIEE Associate Professor Extraordinary: DSP-Telecommunications Electrical- & Electronic Eng Stellenbosch University e: wolhuter@... | t: +27 83 444 5220 | Dept E & E Eng, Banghoek Rd, Stellenbosch, South Africa The and confidentiality of this email are governed by these terms. Disclaimer Die integriteit en vertroulikheid van hierdie e-pos word deur die volgende bepalings bere?l. Vrywaringsklousule
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Suid- en Wes Australie se sonpanele op dakke
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https://www.solarquotes.com.au/blog/australia-solar-2024-mb3086/ Panele op dakke lewer heelwat meer as 21.7% en 26% van kragnet se totaal. Daardie persentasies is maar wat hulle aan die kragnet teruglewer, en sluit nog gladnie krag in wat hulle aan die geboue lewer waarop hulle geinstalleer is nie. Dit sluit ook nie sonplase of windkrag in nie. On-roof solar panels feed back considerably more than 21.7% and 26% of the grid total in these huge provinces of Australia. Those percentages are merely what they feed back into the grid, and do not include power which they deliver to the building on whose roofs the are installed. These also do not include solar farms or wind power.
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Move to green energy was slowed down by government to protect coal mining
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https://theconversation.com/south-africas-move-to-green-energy-was-slowed-down-by-government-to-protect-coal-mining-238358
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CFS se Fusie pogings
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https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/11/15/climate/fusion-energy.html "Your machine has to survive the pummeling. But it also has to put the energy to work, producing electricity, keeping the reaction going, all without disturbing your plasma, which is as precarious as a toy top spinning on a fingertip". Van CFS se SPARC (Smallest Possible ARC) word gese^: "Here, in a room as airy and grand as a temple, a colossal machine will soon be placed at the altar. In a circle around its core will sit 18 giant magnets, each powerful enough to hoist an aircraft carrier." Daardie kleinste reaktor het betonwande 8 voet dik -- dubbeld so dik as Koeberg en soorgelyke fissie reakktore. Voorsorg teen disintegrasie a g v plasma-magneetveld onstabiliteite.
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Fusie Wensdenkery Stellarator vs Tokamak
Die Stellarator konfigurasie dateer reeds uit die 1950s of vroeer. Dis selfs ouer as die Tokamak, wat (anders as die Stellarator) nie in https://books.google.co.za/books/about/Project_Sherwood.html?id=Mg8jHmMQChoC&redir_esc=y beskryf word nie. Dit vereis baie spesifieke vorms van die "coils". wat eers relatief onlangs met beter rekenaartegnologie akkuraat ontwerp kon word. Daarom het dit vroeer min aandag gekry. Vandag fokus fusie navorsing in Duitsland en in China op Stellarators eerder as Tokamaks. Die Wendelstein is 'n moderne Stellarator, waarin die plasma veel langer ge"confine" kan word as in 'n Tokamak. Volgens https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666675823001650 "the stellarator has many advantages. (1) The stellarator avoids MHD instabilities and major plasma discharge disruptions with large electromagnetic forces in the structure of the device and energetic beams of runaway electrons caused by the large plasma current (mega-amperes) of the tokamak". Verder "Enormous external power is needed in tokamaks to maintain not only the plasma current but also the profiles of pressure and current for achieving a high bootstrap current fraction and steady-state operation. In contrast, the stellarator magnetic field that confines plasma and the rotational transform of the field lines are mainly generated by external 3D coils, eliminating the need for large toroidal current flowing in the plasma and thus the need for external current drivers, which greatly lowers recirculating power and cost". On 2024/12/27 10:30, bernhard wrote: Verreweg die mees koste-effektiewe maniere om fusie-energie na elektrisiteit om te sit is via fotovoltaiese, wind- en hidrokrag. Met battery en gepompte hidro as stoor bygevoeg waar nodig (buigsame hidro is meer energie-doeltreffend as gepompte). Die $2 miljard totaal wat CFS ingesamel het, is waarskynlik minder as wat die Oekraiense, Gaza, Hezbollah, Siriese, Houthi en ander oorloe per dag kos. Dis nou as die skade wat aangerig word by die militere koste getel word. Die aankondiging van die "400 MWe fusie kragstasie" is maar net nog 'n manier om hul stokperdjie te finansier! Daar sal NIKS wat ekonomies krag kan lewer van kom nie! Nie in hierdie eeu nie. Ook nie in hierdie millenium nie. Die wat dit "betwyfel", het nie die fisika van hitte-oordrag, plasma-stabiliteit en stralingskade ... behoorlik en eerlik toegepas nie. Tokamaks anders as sommige meer gekompliseerde konfigurasies (bv Wendelstein) se plasmas is inherent onstabiel en kan katastrofies "ontplof". 'n Magnetiese energie ontploffing van die soort wat keer dat die nog veel duurder ITER masjien voltooi word! Wee diegene wat naby is wanneer dit gebeur! On 2024/12/27 09:34, Wolhuter, Riaan, Dr [wolhuter@...] via groups.io wrote: Ek is net verbaas dat daar soveel geld ingestort word. From: [email protected] <[email protected]> On Behalf Of bernhard via groups.io Sent: Friday, 27 December 2024 05:46 To: [email protected] Subject: Re: [ZA-energie] Fusie Wensdenkery CAUTION: This email originated from outside the Stellenbosch University network. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe. Dit begin met "IF all goes to plan ...". 'n Baie groot IF. AS die voorspellings van die fusie protagoniste gerealiseer het, was die reuse ITER reeds sowat 'n dekade gelede operasioneel, en teen 'n klein breukdeel van sy koste tot dusver. Maar nou word voorspel dat dit in die 1930s sal begin werk as prototipe om te wys dat fusie-krag dalk moontlik sal wees. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/will-the-worlds-first-nuclear-fusion-power-plant-be-built-in-virginia-heres/ gee meer besonderhede oor die beplande aanleg in Virginia. Dit se^ onder andere: " .. let¡¯s hold our nuclear horses for just a moment: there are several steps that must be completed before this fusion plant, named ARC (for ¡°affordable, robust, compact¡±), could be plugged into Virginia¡¯s power grid. For one, CFS has not finished its demonstration machine, SPARC (¡°smallest possible ARC¡±). The company says it expec
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Fusie
2
¡®World¡¯s first¡¯ grid-scale nuclear fusion power plant announced in the US in another step for the futuristic energy edition.cnn.com Wikus van Niekerk +27 (0) 82 256 4131 wikus@... The integrity and confidentiality of this email are governed by these terms. Disclaimer Die integriteit en vertroulikheid van hierdie e-pos word deur die volgende bepalings bere?l. Vrywaringsklousule
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Tech Alert: Growing Enthusiasm for EV Curbside Charging
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Kyk ook oor waterstofgedrewe treine ---------- Forwarded message --------- From: IEEE Spectrum <ieee-spectrum@...> Date: Thu, Dec 26, 2024 at 10:01 AM Subject: Tech Alert: Growing Enthusiasm for EV Curbside Charging To: <pwvanderwalt@...> Plus AI companies getting bad grades on safety?. ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? To view this email as a webpage, click here. [ Image ] JOIN IEEE [ Image ] 26 DECEMBER 2024 [ Image ] [[https://spectrum.ieee.org/ev-charging-stations?utm_source=techalert&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=techalert-12-26-24&utm_content=httpsspectrumieeeorgevchargingstations]] Enthusiasm Grows for Curbside EV Charging > Voltpost and other companies are making it easier to own an EV in big cities. [ Image ] [[https://www.ansys.com/resource-center/brochure/navigating-tomorrows-skies-autonomous-systems]] ADVERTISEMENT Explore Virtual Solutions for A&D > Prepare yourself for the challenges of creating cutting-edge A&D autonomous tech. Download the e-book to explore how autonomy is transforming the aerospace & defense industry. [ Image ] [[https://spectrum.ieee.org/ai-safety?utm_source=techalert&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=techalert-12-26-24&utm_content=httpsspectrumieeeorgaisafety]] Leading AI Companies Get Lousy Grades on Safety > A new report from the Future of Life Institute gave mostly Ds and Fs. [ Image ] [[https://spectrum.ieee.org/tuberculosis?utm_source=techalert&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=techalert-12-26-24&utm_content=httpsspectrumieeeorgtuberculosis]] It's AI Versus the World's Largest Tuberculosis Epidemic > An Indian group has built tools to help with diagnosis and treatment. [ Image ] [[https://spectrum.ieee.org/carbon-capture-2670435467?utm_source=techalert&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=techalert-12-26-24&utm_content=httpsspectrumieeeorgcarboncapture2670435467]] Sewing In Copper Threads Could Improve Carbon Capture > Copper threads suggest a way to make gas diffusion electrodes better and larger. [ Image ] [[https://spectrum.ieee.org/hydrogen-trains?utm_source=techalert&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=techalert-12-26-24&utm_content=httpsspectrumieeeorghydrogentrains]] The Man Behind Hydrail > Stan Thompson's vision for greener trains is reshaping rail transit worldwide. [ Image ] [[https://spectrum.ieee.org/qualcomm-developer-kit?utm_source=techalert&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=techalert-12-26-24&utm_content=httpsspectrumieeeorgqualcommdeveloperkit]] Latest Qualcomm RB3 Gen 2 Developer Kit Unlocks AI Computing for IoT Edge Innovation > New kits put advanced AI edge computing power into the hands of developers everywhere. [ Image ] [[https://engage.ieee.org/Climate-Tech-Alert-Sign-Up.html]] SPONSORED WEBINARS IEEE offers free PDH certificates to attendees of these webinars as credits for Personal Development Hours. 5G NTN: Use Cases, Challenges, Modeling, and Simulation > This webinar covers modeling 5G non-terrestrial networks (NTN) using satellite links, orbit propagation, coverage maps, Doppler compensation, 5G NR PDSCH throughput, and NB-IoT NTN links. [ Image ] [[https://engineeringresources.spectrum.ieee.org/free/w_math24/prgm.cgi?a=1]] Designing Batteries with Modeling and Simulation > In this webinar, we will discuss battery mo
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Fusie Wensdenkery
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Dit begin met "IF all goes to plan ...". 'n Baie groot IF. AS die voorspellings van die fusie protagoniste gerealiseer het, was die reuse ITER reeds sowat 'n dekade gelede operasioneel, en teen 'n klein breukdeel van sy koste tot dusver. Maar nou word voorspel dat dit in die 1930s sal begin werk as prototipe om te wys dat fusie-krag dalk moontlik sal wees. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/will-the-worlds-first-nuclear-fusion-power-plant-be-built-in-virginia-heres/ gee meer besonderhede oor die beplande aanleg in Virginia. Dit se^ onder andere: " .. let¡¯s hold our nuclear horses for just a moment: there are several steps that must be completed before this fusion plant, named ARC (for ¡°affordable, robust, compact¡±), could be plugged into Virginia¡¯s power grid. For one, CFS has not finished its demonstration machine, SPARC (¡°smallest possible ARC¡±). The company says it expects the completed SPARC to show net energy production in 2027. That alone would be a feat." Voordat daardie maatskappy (CFS) se SPARC werk, is dit blote wensdenkery van hulle om so groot van hierdie beoogde ARC te praat. Soos male sonder tal met fusie in die afgelope driekwart-eeu, sal daar niks meer as grootpratery van kom nie. Ek sien nerens dat hulle die wesentlike probleme van enorme stralingskade a g v die ultrasnel (14.3 MeV) neutrone bespreek nie. Teen 400 MW kraglewering gaan daardie supersnel neutrone hulle superduur kriogene supergeleiers taamlik gou vernietig. Ek sien ook nie hoe hulle genoeg tritium brandstof (wat nie in naastenby genoegsame hoeveelhede in die natuur voorkom nie, en wat tot nou toe uit Kanada se CANDU reaktore verkry is) gaan kry nie. Kanada het intussen meeste van sy CANDU reaktore gesluit, en beplan om ook die origes binnekort te sluit. Tritium het 'n halfleeftyd van sowat 12 jaar. M a w die bestaande beskeie voorraad daarvan word elke 12 jaar met die helfte verminder. So wanneer hierdie beloofde reaktor oor 12 of meer jare gereed sal wees sal daar maar min brandstof beskikbaar wees. On 2024/12/27 01:56, Van Niekerk, Wikus, Prof [wikus@...] via groups.io wrote: ¡®World¡¯s first¡¯ grid-scale nuclear fusion power plant announced in the US in another step for the futuristic energy edition.cnn.com Wikus van Niekerk +27 (0) 82 256 4131 wikus@... The integrity and confidentiality of this email are governed by these terms. Disclaimer Die integriteit en vertroulikheid van hierdie e-pos word deur die volgende bepalings bere?l. Vrywaringsklousule
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'n Paar van sy aanbevelings.
Eskom se salarisse is al jare lank buitensporig.
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