Thanks Daryl, Paula and Graham for your shares. I've continued to think about some of this so will share this draft for your inspection as it builds on your posts.
It may stand to reason that if a portion of L513 migrated before the rest, ended up in the northwest portion of the British Isle as early as the middle Bronze then one would expect to also find evidence of other, independent migrations that followed a similar path at a different time. So that would explain Picts maybe, or earlier migrations to the Irish Isle within centuries of ancient Britons having arrived, at least an earlier population dispersion or diffusion model?makes more sense when you look at the genetic data. They indicate that later out migrations did not happen until the medieval and early historic periods, including Ulster. The plantations are too modern historically to see in genetic data. Back to 1600 is a records challenge, not a genetic discovery. The DNA are a decent pathfinder but historical research will have to happen to explain the family lines under the Z17299 cluster.
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We may see some additional evidence coming out of Northern Ireland in the next few years. Just today I read the following in a BBC story:
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"...?on a walk in 2016, he followed a fox and found a cave on Ben Gorm that had human remains from the Neolithic period 5,600 years ago. Carbon dating showed it was a ritual site used for more than 1,000 years to prepare bodies for the afterlife (the remains are still being studied and will later go to the National Museum)."
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This type of geography sounds similar to the reported 'wastes' among the Borders. The 'lands' granted were often fallow so rents and duties from the local population was the principal value to any local laird, but included grazing rights, legal/privateer passage, and other residual income from the administration of gifts/patronage to religious societies (priories, monastaries, etc.) from among the lands granted. For instance, in one entry of the Lanercost Cartulary (11th/12th centuries CE) I'm reading all the 'bark of oak trees' on different sections of the 'landes' were already 'given' to the priory for their tanning operations. So any tree cut for its wood would have to have its bark gathered separately and delivered to the priory. These are multi-generational commitments that were obligations of the land itself, not the laird or noble personally.
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It was less feudal than it was a form of economic administration before a government of laws emerged with the Magna Carta in 1215 CE. One of the signers of that document was Alan fitzRoland, Constable of Scotland in Galloway (Fergus' line).
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Galwyddel, or Galloway had become a Dal Riata territory at some point. It was not Cumbrian until you get closer to the Esk. There were some interesting politics around that period such that it's not so straightforward to assume any surname or family line designated a surname in this period would have been based strictly on kinship. The story of how Alan's descendants had conflicting rules/laws governing the settlement of his estate - Celtic (dal Riata) or the feudal custom of the Scots realm at that time. His daughters inherited his lands instead of his oldest son for instance.
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Divisions within the??(coloured green) and surrounding lordships in the twelfth century.?The??encompassed all Gallovidan regions except?, which fell under the Scottish?, and appears to have been only incorporated into the lordship during the tenure of Fergus's sons.
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Ayrshire and Galloway may have been separate and distinct territories within all this but if Alan was Constable of all of Scotland then one should expect parallel civil conditions applied to all involved. Then after King John's reign diminished there were activities with Alexander II of Scotland to make the administration of these territories more uniform.
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The Cartulary is an interesting document just for the fact it exists. Essentially its a 'manorial' administrative record before the system of manors was used (16th century). It is specific to the obligations or patronage of the Lanercost Priory. It has a lot of deVaux and similar characters listed, as well as some old place names with additional notes created by subsequent researchers to identify the modern names or equivalents.
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I'm going through this to summarize the background surrounding surname adoption in 11th and 12th centuries. It appears that genetic clusters by that time had been scrambled by previous history and movements. It appears that these were smaller movements for some (depending on the territories of the original Briton tribe they might have descended from). The Hen Ogledd suggests that Owain migrated down to Wales, and that these Cumbrians had not ever migrated 'up' from Wales to the Borders - rather they shared ancient language/culture in affinity (if not direct kinship). And the incursion of Dal Riata into Galloway, the Northumberland push from the southeast, Anglican Lothians from the east, along with the occasional Norse/Viking activity around Edinburgh created a crucible of smaller movements over time. Did everyone pick up and go to Dumbarton during Alt Clut? No. Did the Strathclyde move the masses to Govan? No. Did we start nearer Edinburgh and migrate westward? Did we leave any breadcrumbs from 1,500 years ago?
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Leake Little
