Passed on by Lucyna in Melbourne.

--
Stefan Wisniowski (moderator)
Sydney, Australia

Droga i Kochana Ewo. Dziekuje. Nie wiem czy cztasz po P{olsku. Well
thank you so much.

JanekJ Roy-Wojciechowski
Honorary Consul, Republic of Poland
51 Granger Road,Howick
Auckland, New Zealand
email polish@...
web. www.polishheritage.co.nz

Hello Hela,

My grandmother was from a village near Tarnopol (Gleboczek) and her
maiden name was Karas. I wonder if there is a connection with your
godmother's husband's family ..... ? Do you have any further information
that we can compare ? Maybe you can email me off-line and we can
compare notes.

Krystyna Szypowska
Montreal, Canada

Amen to that

Every one who lived throughthe war and ended as arefugee outside their homeland deserves to be honoured and it is to that end that I have taken it upon myself to do so from Feb 5th to 13th 2005.

I feel that this group, Polands entry into the Europe athe heart its rightful place, etc etc somehow validates the lives lost whether through combat, or through loss of childhood and the formative years.

I look at my dad who God willing will celebrate his 85th birthday Nov 10th and the sadness of his years of hard labour ( 1940-1981) are now being followed by the joy of years of peace, he can experince and enjoy the fruits of his labours, the freedom of Polska, the ownership of his own front door and roof, his ogrodek with vegetables and that his dream as a boy of having just that are fulfilled.



Bye 4 now Hela.

From: "Halina Szulakowska" <hszulakowska@...>
Reply-To: Kresy-Siberia@...
To: <Kresy-Siberia@...>
Subject: [Kresy-Siberia] Arnhem - Polish Paratroopers - The Kresy
Date: Mon, 18 Oct 2004 15:58:43 +0100


Hello everyone,

I have been away from the KS-group for a number of months and have only just
re-subscribed.

This time last month I was in Arnhem for 7 days for the 60th commemoration
of Operation Market-Garden. My mother and I were representing my father,
Antoni Szulakowski, who took part in the operation, but is sadly no longer
with us. It was an emotional time to be with the men of both the Polish and
British airborne. The 'Lest We Forget' foundation hosted around 600 veterans
and widows during the rememberance week. I felt very honoured to be a part
of this historic event, and was especially proud of the Polish veterans -
some of whom I have had the priviledge to know since my childhood via the
ZPS (Zwiazek Polskich Spadochroniarzy).

As a group, although our focus is the Soviet deportation of Polish Citizens
from the Eastern Borderlands, we have discussed all manner of topics
relating to Poland's history - especially the timespan of WWII. The KS-Group
have, for example, always been quick to remember the anniversaries of
battles such as Monte Cassino and the Warsaw Uprising. I was, therefore, a
little upset to read back to the group's September discussion on
Market-Garden. One member actually said that, pertaining to Arnhem, "this is
not on our Kresy-Siberia topic". And there seems to have been some hostility
towards the German veterans who had quietly attended the commemoration to
also, quite rightly, mourn their dead. In war everyone suffers.

I have been in two minds as to whether I should broach this topic or not -
especially since I was unsubscribed at the time Arnhem was mentioned. But I
have since realised that I do want to share a few thoughts, and I apologise
to anyone that may find my response a little late in the day.

I think it is right to remember how our fathers, grandfathers, uncles,
brothers, members of our own KS group, fought for their right to a free
homeland: a homeland which they wanted complete with the Eastern Borderlands
where many of them had been born. My father's only concern was to return to
the Polesie which he loved so dearly, and where several generations of his
family had farmed the land. Major-General Sosabowski's motto for his Brigade
was 'Najkrotsza droga!', and his aim for the Pierwsza Samodzielna Brigada
Spadochronowa was to land in Warsaw and liberate Poland as quickly as
possible. These men, some of whom had been Soviet deportees, were all united
in their refugee status and their home-sickness.

During the service of rememberance at the Polish Monument in Driel, the
Dutch children of the local school sang a song in the Polish language. It
was 'Jaka Piekna Nasza Polska Cala'. The elderly paratrooper sitting to my
left began to cry: "It's what I fought for. I fought for my beautiful
Poland, and for her to be free". More specifically, he had fought to return
to his 'beautiful' Podole from which he had been deported on 10th February
1940.

I don't think you can divorce the deportations from the events that impacted
on the deportees both during and after WWII. I certainly can't separate my
father's military history, nor his consequent civilian life in Britain, from
that night when the Szulakowski family were bundled onto a cattletruck in
Sienkiewicze village and taken to Vologda as slave labour. Tata once told me
that, even though years had passed, there remained a part of him which was
forever the deportee.

So please can I ask that the group remains open to all of the history, which
has affected our families and friends.

Serdeczne Pozdrowienia,

Halina Szulakowska UK





*
KRESY-SIBERIA GROUP = RESEARCH REMEMBRANCE RECOGNITION
"Dedicated to researching, remembering and recognising the Polish citizens
deported, enslaved and killed by the Soviet Union during World War Two."
*
Discussion site :
Gallery (photos, documents) :
Film and info :
*
To SUBSCRIBE to the discussion group, send an e-mail
saying who you are and describing your interest in the group to:
Kresy-Siberia-owner@...
*

Yahoo! Groups Links

_________________________________________________________________
It's fast, it's easy and it's free. Get MSN Messenger today!

Dear Listers,

I try to help in finding Mieczyslaw Zielinski, b. 1896 who served as policeman in Koso~w (Kossow, Kosowo) Poleski.

There is an information he was sent to lagier Artiomowskij (nr 523) in Ural Mountains.

Is there any chance to check this information?

Best regards
Jozef Taran in Warsaw, Poland

Hello and Thank you so much
Not just the book but the author would be such an honour and i can tell you it's at kosciol POlski pod wezwaniem Matki Boskiej Czestochowskiej, Landsdowne Place Bradford. I think Mass will be at 11.00 ish and obiad to follow then the film and any talks presentations etcI also envisage a t least aweeks events starting Feb 5th and ending at least the formal aspect of it 13th Feb with the Mass wreathe laying and something which I remember from childhood a spiritual bouquet.
i hope the Mass will be anInternational and representatives of all faiths will be represented as I feel that the times we are living in now could do with reminder of the past to enable a more sensible and peaceful future for all outr children.
This is an open invitation to all
Details of the obiad etc will be posted nearer the date.



Bye 4 now Hela.

From: "Eugeniusz Krajewski" <e@...>
Reply-To: Kresy-Siberia@...
To: <Kresy-Siberia@...>
Subject: RE: [Kresy-Siberia] Help please
Date: Mon, 18 Oct 2004 20:06:24 +0100




Hi Helu,


What a good idea!

If I may, I'd like to help by donating a copy of my book Straws in the Wind
as well as a copy of my father's Land Deed (Akt Nadawczy). You will recall
that the date of 10th February 1940 is pivotal to my story.

Perhaps you could let me know in due course when and where the function is
to take place. As you know, I live in Lincolnshire and, for me; a trip to
Bradford would not be a problem.

Good luck,

Eugene

-----Original Message-----
From: Helena Danielczuk [mailto:helena52@...]
Sent: Monday, October 18, 2004 9:57 AM
To: Kresy-Siberia@...
Subject: [Kresy-Siberia] Help please


Hello


Last Saturday 16th October here in Bradford W.Yorks the Zjednoczenie were
planning and writing the diary of events for 2005. I was in the next room
teaching English and waiting for the next group to teach Polish! Imagine my
surprise but more than that saddness that 10th Feb was not featured. So I
have taken it upon myself to do something about it. So watch out Yorkshire!
A Mass has been organised and an obiad. I am desperate to have an
exhibition and I think that the materials etc we have on our site are
excellent. I have books myself but I need the Marsz Sybirakow and would
dearly love to have access to the photos in our albums of pre war Kresy etc
etc. I need help inaccessing all of these for a real rather than a virtual
audience. I have seen the memorial in Warszawa and have photos etc it is
awesome and sad all at the same time

I want an exhibition not just for the informed and experienced but to teach
about this history tio schools and hope to enlighten those who teach in our
schools about WW2!!

Please help as I do not have much time but there is so much work. I hope to
write to the local press and TV, Radio nearer the time . The Yorkshire Post
was particularly helpful and published the article which was posted in
September abou the uprising .


Bye 4 now Hela.

_________________________________________________________________
It's fast, it's easy and it's free. Get MSN Messenger today!





*
KRESY-SIBERIA GROUP = RESEARCH REMEMBRANCE RECOGNITION
"Dedicated to researching, remembering and recognising the Polish citizens
deported, enslaved and killed by the Soviet Union during World War Two."
*
Discussion site :
Gallery (photos, documents) :
Film and info :
*
To SUBSCRIBE to the discussion group, send an e-mail
saying who you are and describing your interest in the group to:
Kresy-Siberia-owner@...
*

Yahoo! Groups Links









*
KRESY-SIBERIA GROUP = RESEARCH REMEMBRANCE RECOGNITION
"Dedicated to researching, remembering and recognising the Polish citizens
deported, enslaved and killed by the Soviet Union during World War Two."
*
Discussion site :
Gallery (photos, documents) :
Film and info :
*
To SUBSCRIBE to the discussion group, send an e-mail
saying who you are and describing your interest in the group to:
Kresy-Siberia-owner@...
*

Yahoo! Groups Links

_________________________________________________________________
It's fast, it's easy and it's free. Get MSN Messenger today!

开云体育

Hi Helu,


What a good idea!

If I may, I'd like to help by donating a copy of my book Straws in the Wind
as well as a copy of my father's Land Deed (Akt Nadawczy). You will recall
that the date of 10th February 1940 is pivotal to my story.

Perhaps you could let me know in due course when and where the function is
to take place. As you know, I live in Lincolnshire and, for me; a trip to
Bradford would not be a problem.

Good luck,

Eugene

开云体育

Thank you Stefan
JRJ Roy-Wojciechowski
Honorary Consul, Republic of Poland
51 Granger Road,Howick
Auckland, New Zealand
email polish@...
web. www.polishheritage.co.nz

Hello everyone,

I have been away from the KS-group for a number of months and have only just
re-subscribed.

This time last month I was in Arnhem for 7 days for the 60th commemoration
of Operation Market-Garden. My mother and I were representing my father,
Antoni Szulakowski, who took part in the operation, but is sadly no longer
with us. It was an emotional time to be with the men of both the Polish and
British airborne. The 'Lest We Forget' foundation hosted around 600 veterans
and widows during the rememberance week. I felt very honoured to be a part
of this historic event, and was especially proud of the Polish veterans -
some of whom I have had the priviledge to know since my childhood via the
ZPS (Zwiazek Polskich Spadochroniarzy).

As a group, although our focus is the Soviet deportation of Polish Citizens
from the Eastern Borderlands, we have discussed all manner of topics
relating to Poland's history - especially the timespan of WWII. The KS-Group
have, for example, always been quick to remember the anniversaries of
battles such as Monte Cassino and the Warsaw Uprising. I was, therefore, a
little upset to read back to the group's September discussion on
Market-Garden. One member actually said that, pertaining to Arnhem, "this is
not on our Kresy-Siberia topic". And there seems to have been some hostility
towards the German veterans who had quietly attended the commemoration to
also, quite rightly, mourn their dead. In war everyone suffers.

I have been in two minds as to whether I should broach this topic or not -
especially since I was unsubscribed at the time Arnhem was mentioned. But I
have since realised that I do want to share a few thoughts, and I apologise
to anyone that may find my response a little late in the day.

I think it is right to remember how our fathers, grandfathers, uncles,
brothers, members of our own KS group, fought for their right to a free
homeland: a homeland which they wanted complete with the Eastern Borderlands
where many of them had been born. My father's only concern was to return to
the Polesie which he loved so dearly, and where several generations of his
family had farmed the land. Major-General Sosabowski's motto for his Brigade
was 'Najkrotsza droga!', and his aim for the Pierwsza Samodzielna Brigada
Spadochronowa was to land in Warsaw and liberate Poland as quickly as
possible. These men, some of whom had been Soviet deportees, were all united
in their refugee status and their home-sickness.

During the service of rememberance at the Polish Monument in Driel, the
Dutch children of the local school sang a song in the Polish language. It
was 'Jaka Piekna Nasza Polska Cala'. The elderly paratrooper sitting to my
left began to cry: "It's what I fought for. I fought for my beautiful
Poland, and for her to be free". More specifically, he had fought to return
to his 'beautiful' Podole from which he had been deported on 10th February
1940.

I don't think you can divorce the deportations from the events that impacted
on the deportees both during and after WWII. I certainly can't separate my
father's military history, nor his consequent civilian life in Britain, from
that night when the Szulakowski family were bundled onto a cattletruck in
Sienkiewicze village and taken to Vologda as slave labour. Tata once told me
that, even though years had passed, there remained a part of him which was
forever the deportee.

So please can I ask that the group remains open to all of the history, which
has affected our families and friends.

Serdeczne Pozdrowienia,

Halina Szulakowska UK




*
KRESY-SIBERIA GROUP = RESEARCH REMEMBRANCE RECOGNITION
"Dedicated to researching, remembering and recognising the Polish citizens
deported, enslaved and killed by the Soviet Union during World War Two."
*
Discussion site :
Gallery (photos, documents) :
Film and info :
*
To SUBSCRIBE to the discussion group, send an e-mail
saying who you are and describing your interest in the group to:
Kresy-Siberia-owner@...
*

---

- all new features - even more fun!

Hello everyone,

I have been away from the KS-group for a number of months and have only just
re-subscribed.

This time last month I was in Arnhem for 7 days for the 60th commemoration
of Operation Market-Garden. My mother and I were representing my father,
Antoni Szulakowski, who took part in the operation, but is sadly no longer
with us. It was an emotional time to be with the men of both the Polish and
British airborne. The 'Lest We Forget' foundation hosted around 600 veterans
and widows during the rememberance week. I felt very honoured to be a part
of this historic event, and was especially proud of the Polish veterans -
some of whom I have had the priviledge to know since my childhood via the
ZPS (Zwiazek Polskich Spadochroniarzy).

As a group, although our focus is the Soviet deportation of Polish Citizens
from the Eastern Borderlands, we have discussed all manner of topics
relating to Poland's history - especially the timespan of WWII. The KS-Group
have, for example, always been quick to remember the anniversaries of
battles such as Monte Cassino and the Warsaw Uprising. I was, therefore, a
little upset to read back to the group's September discussion on
Market-Garden. One member actually said that, pertaining to Arnhem, "this is
not on our Kresy-Siberia topic". And there seems to have been some hostility
towards the German veterans who had quietly attended the commemoration to
also, quite rightly, mourn their dead. In war everyone suffers.

I have been in two minds as to whether I should broach this topic or not -
especially since I was unsubscribed at the time Arnhem was mentioned. But I
have since realised that I do want to share a few thoughts, and I apologise
to anyone that may find my response a little late in the day.

I think it is right to remember how our fathers, grandfathers, uncles,
brothers, members of our own KS group, fought for their right to a free
homeland: a homeland which they wanted complete with the Eastern Borderlands
where many of them had been born. My father's only concern was to return to
the Polesie which he loved so dearly, and where several generations of his
family had farmed the land. Major-General Sosabowski's motto for his Brigade
was 'Najkrotsza droga!', and his aim for the Pierwsza Samodzielna Brigada
Spadochronowa was to land in Warsaw and liberate Poland as quickly as
possible. These men, some of whom had been Soviet deportees, were all united
in their refugee status and their home-sickness.

During the service of rememberance at the Polish Monument in Driel, the
Dutch children of the local school sang a song in the Polish language. It
was 'Jaka Piekna Nasza Polska Cala'. The elderly paratrooper sitting to my
left began to cry: "It's what I fought for. I fought for my beautiful
Poland, and for her to be free". More specifically, he had fought to return
to his 'beautiful' Podole from which he had been deported on 10th February
1940.

I don't think you can divorce the deportations from the events that impacted
on the deportees both during and after WWII. I certainly can't separate my
father's military history, nor his consequent civilian life in Britain, from
that night when the Szulakowski family were bundled onto a cattletruck in
Sienkiewicze village and taken to Vologda as slave labour. Tata once told me
that, even though years had passed, there remained a part of him which was
forever the deportee.

So please can I ask that the group remains open to all of the history, which
has affected our families and friends.

Serdeczne Pozdrowienia,

Halina Szulakowska UK

开云体育

开云体育

Hello


Last Saturday 16th October here in Bradford W.Yorks the Zjednoczenie were planning and writing the diary of events for 2005. I was in the next room teaching English and waiting for the next group to teach Polish! Imagine my surprise but more than that saddness that 10th Feb was not featured. So I have taken it upon myself to do something about it. So watch out Yorkshire! A Mass has been organised and an obiad. I am desperate to have an exhibition and I think that the materials etc we have on our site are excellent. I have books myself but I need the Marsz Sybirakow and would dearly love to have access to the photos in our albums of pre war Kresy etc etc. I need help inaccessing all of these for a real rather than a virtual audience. I have seen the memorial in Warszawa and have photos etc it is awesome and sad all at the same time

I want an exhibition not just for the informed and experienced but to teach about this history tio schools and hope to enlighten those who teach in our schools about WW2!!

Please help as I do not have much time but there is so much work. I hope to write to the local press and TV, Radio nearer the time . The Yorkshire Post was particularly helpful and published the article which was posted in September abou the uprising .


Bye 4 now Hela.

_________________________________________________________________
It's fast, it's easy and it's free. Get MSN Messenger today!

Roman,

You were right, these were not elections as we understand them in the Western world. However, they did form the basis for claiming that the residents of the Kresy voted to be incorporated in to the USSR and hence become Soviet citizens. However, as you pointed out, these “elections” were not an expression of the popular will. Hence the imposition of citizenship was not legal according to international law as stated by Halina (and rather than argue law between non-lawyers at least we are agreed that it was unconscionable and unjust).

I appreciate that you can not change your memories. As you pointed out by reference to the ankiety, people can only report their own perceptions of events. I wonder if anyone in the group has any similar memories of a plebiscite on 29-30 October asking “do you want to join the Soviet Union, yes or no?”, or better yet, if anybody knows of any documents describing this event? I have not heard about read about it before, just about the 22 October “elections”.

As for the Polish government, I stand corrected. I thought you were upset from your comments that they abandoned the 400,000 Polish soldiers that surrendered to Germans and that President Moscicki and his Government, by escaping to Rumania on Sept. 17, gave the Soviet Union an excuse they needed to invade Poland to restore order. Perhaps it was still the best thing that could have been done.

Regards

--
Stefan Wisniowski (moderator)
Sydney, Australia

Stefan,

The Winston Dictionary defines the word "elect" to mean " to choose
from among the number". Soviet Union was a one party, it is the
communist party, state. All decisions and selections of officials
were made by the national or local communist party. The selected
individuals were presented to the community at a meeting and
confirmed by acclamation. To submit a different name was considered
to be a contra-revolutionary act and subject to a severe
punishment.I believe that you and the others consider Soviet
arranged acclamation meetings to be elections. I do not.
As you suggested I have read the article on Jean Iwanski's website.
I see that it was prepared by a British writer and is unsigned.He
refers to Lwow as Lemberg, and he never heard the term "Western
Ukraine" and thinks that even local population doesn't know it. I
don't think it is a credible document.
In the fall of 1939 I was a first year student at the Lwow
Polytechnic, with my home town being the town of Stryj (population
32,000) and 60 km south of Lwow, I commuted betwen the two and
witnessed the events as they occured.I can not change my memory and
the knowledge of the events because some unknown British writer,
years after the events occured, wrote a misleading story.
No, Stefan, I am not upset that the Polish government fled Warsaw, I
simply asked a hypothetical question.I still ponder what would have
happened,where would I be living now,where would you be living, etc,
etc.

Roman Skulski
West Vancouver, Canada





--- In Kresy-Siberia@..., Stefan Wisniowski
<swisniowski@p...> wrote:

Roman

You are clearly upset that the Polish government fled Warsaw and

abandoned

the nation. But it never surrendered and kept fighting in exile,

while other

nations sued for peace with the Germans and even set up puppet

governments.

Hard to say which is more of an abandonment.

Anyway, to answer your questions about elections, citizenship and

so on.

You previously said ?Oct. 29-30/39? Soviet occupying?

power carries
out a

plebiscite in the occupied territory asking the population one

question, do

they want to join the Soviet Union,? yes or no.? Nov. 1 - 2

/39?
The Soviet

authorities announce the results of the plebiscite stating

that?99
% voted

yes, and that the occupied territory is now part of the Soviet

Union?

You also said you voted on October 29 in in Lwów. Well, perhaps

something

did happen in Lwów on those days, but it does not correspond

with
the

published histories of the events leading to the USSR?s claims

of
legality

for annexing eastern Poland and appropriating its citizens. I refer

you to

the website for a legal
examination of this.

I also urge you to purchase or borrow and read the book

?Revolution
from

Abroad ? The Soviet Conquest of Poland?s Western Ukraine and

Western

Belorussia?.
The

extensive

research is based in part on the thousands of depositions in the

Hoover

Institution at Stanford by Polish citizens who were there and

escaped to

Persia as well as on original Soviet sources.

To summarise the ?plebiscite? and ?elections? that led

to
incorporation of

these territories into the USSR and hence to the decree of Soviet
citizenship:

1. On 4 October 1939 the local provisional councils announced

elections to

be held on Sunday 22 October 1939

2. Local populations were forced to pre-election meetings to hear

speeches

from activists (usually in Russian) and to endorse candidates.

People were

rounded up to attend these meetings and if they did not they were
blacklisted and often arrested. The issues in question were never

clear to

the voters, who were subjected to propaganda about the great Soviet

Union

etc. but never told exactly what they were voting for.

3. The candidates were announced to the meetings, having been

selected by

soviet authorities. They were generally unknown to the local

community, or

were imbeciles, thieves, or otherwise highly incompetent. When

local

communities protested and wanted to nominate one of their own

candidates

they were admonished as not understanding the system, and told the
incompetents would be educated on the job. Any who protested were
blacklisted and often arrested.

4. When it came time to vote on 22 October 1939, participation was

carefully

monitored and the locals were hounded out of their homes to vote.

Any who

refused were blacklisted and often arrested.

5. When the voting was conducted, the official candidate was listed

on the

ballot. Most ballots were ?spoiled?, for example by crossing

out
that name,

writing obscenities about the USSR, smudging the ballot, writing in

a new

candidate. ?Good ballots? were those for the official

candidate. In
some

places the voter was handed a ballot premarked and told not to look

at it

before they deposited it in the ballot box.

6. Counting the ballots. Officials duty was to record maximum

support for

the official candidate. As the electorate generally cast a small

number of

?good? ballots (one report said 3%) there were a number of

ways of
getting

the desired result. Some officials counted all ballots as

?good? no
matter

what they said. Other destroyed the ?bad? ballots and

substituted
them with

new ones. In any case, they all ended up reporting ?good?

votes in
the 90%?s

as required by the election authorities. The published results were:
[Electorate / Votes] "Western Ukraine: ?4,776,273 / 4,433,997

(or
93%);

"Western White Ruthenia: ?2,763,191 / 2,672,280 (or 97%).

7. Despite an overall ethnic makeup of the 13 million people in

eastern

Poland of about 1/3 Poles, 1/3 Ukrainians and 1/3 split between
Belorussians, Polesians and Jews, the newly elected National

Assemblies were

made up as follows: Western Ukraine (1389 Ukrainians, 61 Jews, 44

Poles and

8 Russians) and Western Belorussia (659 Belorussians, 105 Poles, 75

Jews and

58 Russians).

8. The National Assemblies met for 2 days on 26 and 28 October 1939

to

endorse the new system of government, incorporation into the USSR,
confiscation of private landholdings and nationalisation of banks

and large

industry. The sessions were marked by readings of socialist

writings, poems

to Stalin and so on. In the Lwów assembly in Lwów, delegates

were
seated

between NKVD officers to ensure they voted correctly. The one or

two who did

not were later arrested.

9. The Assemblies sent delegations to Moscow to request

incorporation with

the USSR before the Supreme Soviet (approved 1 November 1939) and

then to

Kiev and Minsk respectively for amalgamation with the Ukrainian SSR
(approved 15th November 1939) and the Belorussian SSR (approved 14th
November 1939).

10. Meanwhile, back in the Kresy, the ballots had all been marked

and

numbered so that the authorities could tell who voted which way. As

a

result, many were blacklisted and often arrested.

Do you still think the election and plebiscite of 22 October 1939

leading to

incorporation into the USSR was legal and fair? Any questions?

--
Stefan Wisniowski (moderator)
Sydney, Australia

From: "romed46" <romed46@y...>
You state that the plebiscite was conducted under duress. In my

home town

there was no duress. You also refer to rigged "elections", and if

my memory

serves me
right,someone else mentioned elections where the Russians presented

one

Russian, one Ukrainian and one Jew as candidates. Could you tell me

where

and when the elections were held and for what position or office the
candidates ran. I have not heard about it before.
Roman Skulski
West Vancouver, Canada

开云体育

-Barbara,
I have read the ankiety that you have suggested and in my opinion the
people making these depositions confused ellections with acclamation
meetings. Bronislaw Kanas mentions "Sel-Rad", it is an acronym for
the Ukrainian " Selo Rada" or a Village Soviet. Soviet authorities
used to present three individuals, chairman, secretary and political
officer of a village soviet and asked inhabitants for acclamation.
In the ankiety one person states that elections took place at night,
another that the people blindly went to the voting box and completed
all the demands, another states that out of 130 votes only 12 were
valid, another states that his parents told him that cards were
distributed and the people were required to sign and return
them,another one states that that elections were for the parliament
(sejm).They were all residents of Warszawka.
There are some errors in translation, like translating Polish
word "agitacja" to an English word "uprising".
Regards,

Roman

-- In Kresy-Siberia@..., "Barb Kwietniowski"
<barbkwie@e...> wrote:

"> You also refer to rigged "elections", and if my memory serves me

right,someone else mentioned elections where the Russians

presented

one Russian, one Ukrainian and one Jew as candidates.
Could you tell me where and when the elections were held and for

what

position or office the candidates ran. I have not heard about it
before. "

Roman,
Some of the ankiety from the Hoover archives are posted at
with English

translations.

They talk about the events after September 1939 and before February

1940.

Barbara Kwietniowski
Ontario, Canada