Mike

If you are saying that a pure reactance has a 90 degree phase difference between E&I and that any resistance will reduce this angle, then I agree.? The higher the resistance when compared to reactance, the more this effect.? In power transformers, the resistance is very small compared to reactance so it's effect is also small but it is still there, none the less.

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This idea of a surge in an inductor is just plain physics.? The closer to the zero voltage crossover point, the higher the current surge since they are separated by 90 degrees.? The worst case is when the in addition to the zero voltage crossover, the magnetic pole of the laminations has to be reversed.

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It is evidently easier to picture the surge in a filter capacitor then in an inductor.? The only reason for the concern in a filter capacitor was the inability of a vacuum tube rectifier to handle a high surge current without damage.? Solid state rectifiers have eliminated this concern since they have the ability to support a 30 amp or more initial surge current.

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Most of us believe that a current is the movement of electrons.? Maxwell (and thanks to Heaviside) has a different opinion.? What actually happens is mind bending.? Electrons move too slow to carry a current but the charge on the surface of the wire does travel at the speed of light.? See:

This is a basic tutorial on Maxwell without the math which I would not understand either!? Instead of solving Maxwell's equations for every circuit, we can use a lumped element model which we call Ohm's Law.

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So the magnetization in the inductor happens at the speed of light just as the charge does on the surface of the wire.? Like I said, mind blowing!

Regards,

Jim