Yes,a dipole will work without a balun. But it is not a dipole anymore. The outer surface of your coax shield becomes part of the antenna system. This can give inaccurate results with the VNA. In real world usage it will distort the radiation pattern of the antenna and can provide a path for RFI in unexpected places. It's not rocket science but it *is* radio science.
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I have never seen a problem feeding a dipole directly with an unbalanced
feedline.
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73
-Jim
NU0C