FWIW, I had a similar problem with my NanoVNA-H. It wouldn't work with the USB-C cable that came with my Hantek Oscilloscope. It wouldn't work with the USB-C cable that came with my cell phone. I thought my NanoVNA-H might be a defective clone. Then I tried the USB-C cable that came with my tinySA and it worked. Why, I don't know, but 24 pin USB-C can use more than just four connections. The standard provides four power¨Cground pairs, two differential pairs for USB 2.0 data, four pairs for SuperSpeed data bus (only two pairs are used in USB 3.1 mode), and a configuration pin for cable orientation detection. Perhaps it depends on how the four pin USB-A to 24 pin USB-C adapter cable is wired? Sorry
I don't have any better suggestion than to try different USB-A to USB-C adapter cables.
