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Re: Dipole length


 

As Miro has pointed out, tuning an antenna for resonance by looking for a pure resistance
in the nanovna display must be done when measuring at the antenna feedpoint.

This can be done by attaching your already calibrated VNA directly to the feedpoint.

Or you can perform the calibration procedure with the nanovna
in the shack, the Open-Short-Load devices at the antenna end of the coax.
This will allow the VNA to calibrate out the effects of the coax.

Once the antenna is tuned to be purely resistive, just hook up the coax and
use your antenna tuner in the shack to make the antenna system look like 50 ohms
to your transmitter.
There will be some reflections in the coax between antenna and antenna tuner
if the antenna is not exactly 50 ohms, these reflections will burn up some of the
transmitter's power as heat due to attenuation (mostly resistive losses in the
not-quite-ideal coax), but below 30 mhz with 100 feet of RG8 these losses
should be insignificant.
Some in the forum may disagree, feeling you should climb up on the roof and
twiddle knobs to tune your antenna whenever you move to the far end of the band.
But Maxwell disagrees, it's the one point that he keeps hammering away at
in Reflections III, and in his half dozen articles in QST around 1973.
Other than the losses in the non-ideal coax incurred by a few round trips that a
fraction of the transmitted power takes due to reflections, all of the transmitter's power
eventually goes out the antenna.

Antennas get really complicated when you dig deep into the details.
And are fodder for all sorts of arguments.

Jerry, KE7ER

On Mon, Aug 24, 2020 at 10:37 AM, Jerry Gaffke wrote:


It's a bit more complicated than that.

When the resistance at resonance is less than the 50 ohm impedance
of the VNA, the reflection is 180 degrees out of phase with the incident
signal.
This would be the case for a yagi or quarter wave whip.

But when the resistance at resonance is greater than the 50 ohm impedance
of the VNA, the reflection is in phase with the incident signal.
This would be the case for a dipole.

I use the smith chart display, the antenna is purely resistive where the plot
crosses the horizontal axis in the center of the screen. It crosses to the
left
of center if the antenna is less than 50 ohms, to the right of center if the
antenna
is greater than 50 ohms. Drag a marker around the plot using the touchscreen,
text on the screen will tell you the frequency at that position.

However, I have built antennas where the smith chart plot circles the 50 ohm
origin, so I have a pure resistance at two positions. One greater than 50 ohms
and one less than 50 ohms. Not quite sure exactly what that means.

When trimming a yagi or quarter wave whip for best SWR, an in tune antenna
would
be too low of impedance. So you wind up with a trim that has extra reactance
to
best match 50 ohms. Usually close enough, but the antenna is not quite in
tune.

I believe that when trimming a dipole for best SWR, you can wind up with an
antenna in tune. The resistance will be a bit higher than 50 ohms, but any
other trim will be even higher.

Take the above with a very large grain of salt.
I've only looked at a handful of antennas.

Jerry, KE7ER

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