¿ªÔÆÌåÓý


Re: Keithley 261 Picoampere source improvement

 

Without looking at the circuit, the one thing I¡¯d want to know is what fraction of the total resistance is owned by the pot? That fractional proportionally reduces the sensitivity of the total resistance to drift in the pot and switch, maybe to a negligible level.

Gary NA6O


Keithley 261 Picoampere source improvement

 

For some time I have tried to calibrate a Keithley 261 Picoampere source, but I have found that some parts of the design are inherently prone to drifting.

Specifically, the calibration of different ranges involves switching between different 200-ohm potentiometers (R113 thru R119) in series with a wafer switch. The current is approximately 8mA, which means that any contact resistance in the switch or any wiper resistance change in the pots will result in some parasitic resistance change, and the voltage regulator output will drift. As a result, calibration is not stable.

The bad news is that the wafer switch and the pots have aged over time and will continue to age. Replacing them, assuming replacement parts can be found, will not correct the initial sensitivity of the design to parasitic resistance changes.

I am seriously thinking of redesigning the voltage regulator in a way that is immune to such resistance changes. Has anyone already done this change ? I would hate to reinvent the wheel. Or would anyone like to share details of my design ?

Cheers,

Joel Setton


Re: Marconi Q meter exciter

 

Thanks very much Peter for that information. It certainly helps explain what i have observed on testing. At 1 MHz, which is the lowest frequency for which I could measure the voltages there is indeed virtually no voltage drop in the pathway from the TF 1246 to the point where the "Q Multiplier" meter measures the RF input. However at 50 MHz there is much more drop. The voltage at the TF1245 input socket is about 8 volts which is what would be expected if the internal connection impedance in the TF1245 is as you describe. The voltage at the TF1246 output socket is slightly higher suggesting there is a smaller effect in the interconnection link.

73, Morris VK3DOC


Re: SCPI Command Parser Firmware For Instrument

 

I found two projects that might help:


This is an open source multi-channel power supply project that includes control with SCPI commands,
so somewhere in the sources on github there should be the SCPI parser.

I also found this open source project:




I hope this is helpful,
Philip


Re: Marconi Q meter exciter

 

On Sunday, 16 July 2023 at 00:25:54 BST, Morris Odell <vilgotch1@...> wrote:

"It seems that there is a significant voltage drop in the connection consisting of a short (about 100 -150 mm) cable and two BNC connections.? I'll have to re-think the coupling from my amplifier into the TF1245!"

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

There is no significant voltage drop in the cable.? The polythene dielectric cable inside the TF1245 is about 90mm long.? The electrical length is insignificant at 50kHz, so the input impedance at the front panel is about 0.5 Ohms and almost wholly resistive, but at 50MHz the impedance is about 0.53 + j7 Ohms and maybe 0.7 + j20 Ohms down a further 150mm of cable with the same velocity factor.? The TF1246 therefore needs to develop enough output voltage to provide the injection current required.? I'm guessing that the length of the "special" Marconi cable and equipment layout was chosen to be short enough to ensure the TF1246 could always supply enough current to the TF1245 even at 50MHz.

PeterS????????? G8EZE


Re: Open Source Signature Analyzer

 

Good point. The 308 manual lists the minimum timing between gates as 1 clock.
So this is within specified behavior. The 308 is spec'd for a 50ns clock
period (20 MHz).

The 5004 also says 1 clock minimum between gates, valid for 25ns before the selected
clock edge and 0 ns after.

I take this to mean 1 clock between Start and Stop as well as 1 clock between
Stop and Start.

So when start and stop edges are coincident (+/- X ns) is really in unspecified
territory (and HP exceeds specs, surprise).

I suppose I should read the specs first. Also, again, I will need to change
up my test generator to actually simulate something you would see. I just
need to add a monostable on the start line, more or less.

Well, interesting the corners you end up investigating when you do a project
like this.

The Tek and HP (and atari as far as I can tell) all use the same CRC register.
Tek adds a couple of flip flops to reduce the xor gate delay and allow for higher
clock speeds, but they are equivalent.

Gate timing gets fussy at higher clock speeds and these units have adjustable
delays in the data/stop/start signal paths to fiddle the timing in order to
get correct signatures. I haven't gotten that fast yet. I expect to start
seeing those issues above 8-10MHz clocks.

Paul

On Sat, Jul 15, 2023 at 08:00:07PM -0700, saipan59 (Pete) wrote:
On Sat, Jul 15, 2023 at 05:47 PM, Paul Amaranth wrote:


I think part of the problem is the start and stop signals overlap each
other.
Does the manual specify those timing details? (start/stop timing, max speeds, etc.) I would think that it does...(?). Is it working "as designed"?

As for the LFSR polynomial, I remember that the HP5005 manual shows it. I don't know about Tek.
If the polynomials are the same, then it's just a matter of how the states are clocked in with HP vs Tek.

Pete
--
Paul Amaranth, GCIH | Manchester MI, USA
Aurora Group of Michigan, LLC | Security, Systems & Software
paul@... | Unix/Linux - We don't do windows


Re: Open Source Signature Analyzer

 

On Sat, Jul 15, 2023 at 05:47 PM, Paul Amaranth wrote:
I think part of the problem is the start and stop signals overlap each
other.
Does the manual specify those timing details? (start/stop timing, max speeds, etc.) I would think that it does...(?). Is it working "as designed"?

As for the LFSR polynomial, I remember that the HP5005 manual shows it. I don't know about Tek.
If the polynomials are the same, then it's just a matter of how the states are clocked in with HP vs Tek.

Pete


Re: Open Source Signature Analyzer

 

Could it be that Tek decided that the 308 would work with the way they did their SA designs, and HP did the same?

I'd say that the HP design is likely the more versatile one, except that one would need to know if the 5000 series algorithm was exactly the same as the 308.

From my limited experience, the 5000B gives the same results on Tek equipment (never tried on HP and never used 308) as in the instruction manual.

but it does suggest that the 5000 series is a goal.

Harvey

On 7/15/2023 7:47 PM, Paul Amaranth wrote:
Interesting stuff

So the signature gets unstable at higher frequencies. It seems to be
missing a stop signal and the gate window is twice what it should be.

I stole the design from the Tek 308, so I hooked it up and, what do
you know, the 308 gets an unstable signature at higher frequencies with
the same unstable sigs. (The 308 also does not work when the stop and
start signals are from the same signal line).

The HP 5004a does not do that but the gate control design is completely
different.

I think part of the problem is the start and stop signals overlap each
other. If they were single discreet pulses separated in time this
situation wouldn't happen (which is probably how you would set up an
instrument). So in practice, this may not matter much, but ...

I'm going to have to think about how to revamp the gate control. The
goal is to be at least as good as a 5004. Merely being as good as
a Tek 308 may not be good enough :-)

Paul


Re: Open Source Signature Analyzer

 

Interesting stuff

So the signature gets unstable at higher frequencies. It seems to be
missing a stop signal and the gate window is twice what it should be.

I stole the design from the Tek 308, so I hooked it up and, what do
you know, the 308 gets an unstable signature at higher frequencies with
the same unstable sigs. (The 308 also does not work when the stop and
start signals are from the same signal line).

The HP 5004a does not do that but the gate control design is completely
different.

I think part of the problem is the start and stop signals overlap each
other. If they were single discreet pulses separated in time this
situation wouldn't happen (which is probably how you would set up an
instrument). So in practice, this may not matter much, but ...

I'm going to have to think about how to revamp the gate control. The
goal is to be at least as good as a 5004. Merely being as good as
a Tek 308 may not be good enough :-)

Paul

--
Paul Amaranth, GCIH | Manchester MI, USA
Aurora Group of Michigan, LLC | Security, Systems & Software
paul@... | Unix/Linux - We don't do windows


Re: Marconi Q meter exciter

 

My attempt to make an adapter to excite the TF1245 from a signal generator wasn't going too well so i decided to repeat and extend my measurements.I borrowed the TF1246 HF exciter again and also a HP 411A RF millivoltmeter. Well that turned out to be quite a revelation! The TF1245 needs a RF source that feeds 0.5 volt of RF into a 0.5 ohm resistive voltage divider tapped at 0.02 ohm to get 20 mV for the measuring circuit. This implies a current of 1 amp over the frequency range of 50 kHz to 50 MHz. When the TF1246 is used the voltage at the TF1245 input BNC is indeed around 0.5 volts. However when you measure it at the TF1246 output jack it's much higher, more than the HP411A upper limit of 10 volts. This implies a significant voltage drop in the special BNC link cable that is specified by Marconi. The DC resistance of that cable is pretty much zero. Substituting the BNC link cable I made for my project, which is shorter than the Marconi cable, produced the same result. It seems that there is a significant voltage drop in the connection consisting of a short (about 100 -150 mm) cable and two BNC connections.? I'll have to re-think the coupling from my amplifier into the TF1245!

Morris


Re: Open Source Signature Analyzer

 

Theoretically, if you know the number of clock pulses in the gate window
and the EXACT data stream and timing, you could calculate the signature.

In fact, I have done exactly this in the trivial case where the data
probe is connected to Vcc. The resulting table of number of clocks
and the resulting signature will tell you how many clocks are in the
gate window, which is useful for troubleshooting.

I think the way it was actually done was to take a known good instrument,
probe all of the pins and write down the signatures on a table.

I don't think anyone, least of all me, is arguing for SA on new build equipment.

Paul

On Fri, Jul 14, 2023 at 06:32:06PM +0100, Adrian Godwin wrote:
I wouldn't argue for SA on new builds, I think it was a production tool
whose time has passed.
But if you like it and are writing software for a new device it's probably
possible to calculate the results of specific test patterns, or simulate
them.
I do think it's simpler to work with a scope or logic analyser and debug
intelligently, but still, it wouldn't be impossible.
--
Paul Amaranth, GCIH | Manchester MI, USA
Aurora Group of Michigan, LLC | Security, Systems & Software
paul@... | Unix/Linux - We don't do windows


Re: Open Source Signature Analyzer

 

I wouldn't argue for SA on new builds, I think it was a production tool whose time has passed.
But if you like it and are writing software for a new device it's probably possible to calculate the results of specific test patterns, or simulate them.
?I do think it's simpler to work with a scope or logic analyser and debug intelligently, but still, it wouldn't be impossible.

On Fri, Jul 14, 2023 at 5:40?PM Paul Amaranth <paul@...> wrote:
Harvey and Pete make excellent points.? SA is really limited to a certain
generation of products and it was a means of doing component level repair
without necessarily having a deep technical background.? An SA will tell
you if you have a stuck bus, but so will a scope if you know what you're
looking at.

BTW, another signature analyzer was the Atari CAT (computer assisted
troubleshooter) Box and Atari used it for their arcade games (which may
be one of the reasons demand has gone up on these, there just can't be
that many people doing SA on Tek and HP equipment).? If you think
prices of HP SAs are bad, the Atari box is in the 700-2000 range and
is relatively rare.

? ?Paul

--
Paul Amaranth, GCIH? ? ? ? ? ? ?| Manchester MI, USA? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Aurora Group of Michigan, LLC? ?|? ?Security, Systems & Software
paul@...? ? ? ? ? ? ? |? ?Unix/Linux - We don't do windows






Re: Open Source Signature Analyzer

 

Harvey and Pete make excellent points. SA is really limited to a certain
generation of products and it was a means of doing component level repair
without necessarily having a deep technical background. An SA will tell
you if you have a stuck bus, but so will a scope if you know what you're
looking at.

BTW, another signature analyzer was the Atari CAT (computer assisted
troubleshooter) Box and Atari used it for their arcade games (which may
be one of the reasons demand has gone up on these, there just can't be
that many people doing SA on Tek and HP equipment). If you think
prices of HP SAs are bad, the Atari box is in the 700-2000 range and
is relatively rare.

Paul

--
Paul Amaranth, GCIH | Manchester MI, USA
Aurora Group of Michigan, LLC | Security, Systems & Software
paul@... | Unix/Linux - We don't do windows


Re: Open Source Signature Analyzer

 

The problem is not so much useful/not useful as it becomes a "can you do it at all"?

Take your average 6809 design (a la Tektronix).? The node points were on the data lines, address lines, control lines, and the like.? They were not on serial output lines, and I2C hadn't been invented yet.

You'd put the processor in a no-op loop with hardware controlling the data bus to a fixed pattern at the processor itself.

In a modern design, say AVR or ARM, all of those points are buried in the processor, and thus inaccessible.?? They're all on a chip, not connections between chips, and can't be fixed if you could get to them.

As a diagnostic tool, SA is really linked to a specific hardware generation, both in need and capability of implementation.

If you don't have one, and do have the equipment where it can be used, then it's good to have one.? If you are working with more modern equipment, then it becomes impossible to apply everywhere. You can still get it to do useful things, but as noted, you have to have it working first.? Say on an I/O line (I2C), you have to look at a known situation.? Change the protocol and your SA results need to be redone.

Harvey

On 7/14/2023 9:50 AM, saipan59 (Pete) wrote:
On Tue, Jul 11, 2023 at 12:46 PM, John Griessen wrote:

So, even with your early experience using SA in a test bed, you
think the speeds are a killer to this approach?
What if Harvey puts it in CPLDs, would that go fast enough?

To me, having SA available on a current design with chip radios
could be good. You could trigger a startup of some of the code,
then do SA on bitstreams going to the radio and maybe even coming
from it -- if you had the right trigger on the start of an
external radio signal being received...

Using modern parts, you can certainly make SA work at high speeds. There's no inherent speed limitation.
But I think the main point is that SA is only useful in certain very specific cases that are (overall) very rare.
- For existing equipment, you must have known-correct documented signatures (or capture them yourself from a known-good unit). Since setting up an appropriate loop can be non-trivial, by the time you do it, you could have (perhaps) diagnosed the fault with traditional methods.
- For something you build yourself, you have to make it work *before* you can capture known-good signatures (which is then mostly pointless).
- For gear that includes digital and analog circuitry (like a DVM or radio for example), SA won't help with the analog parts.
- If it's modern gear with a microcontroller, in nearly all cases you get much better results by investing in diagnostic firmware rather than SA. I could be wrong, but I think that NOBODY invests in SA for modern gear any more.

Pete


Re: Open Source Signature Analyzer

 

On Tue, Jul 11, 2023 at 12:46 PM, John Griessen wrote:
So, even with your early experience using SA in a test bed, you think the speeds are a killer to this approach?
What if Harvey puts it in CPLDs, would that go fast enough?

To me, having SA available on a current design with chip radios could be good. You could trigger a startup of some of the code, then do SA on bitstreams going to the radio and maybe even coming from it -- if you had the right trigger on the start of an external radio signal being received...
Using modern parts, you can certainly make SA work at high speeds. There's no inherent speed limitation.
But I think the main point is that SA is only useful in certain very specific cases that are (overall) very rare.
- For existing equipment, you must have known-correct documented signatures (or capture them yourself from a known-good unit). Since setting up an appropriate loop can be non-trivial, by the time you do it, you could have (perhaps) diagnosed the fault with traditional methods.
- For something you build yourself, you have to make it work *before* you can capture known-good signatures (which is then mostly pointless).
- For gear that includes digital and analog circuitry (like a DVM or radio for example), SA won't help with the analog parts.
- If it's modern gear with a microcontroller, in nearly all cases you get much better results by investing in diagnostic firmware rather than SA. I could be wrong, but I think that NOBODY invests in SA for modern gear any more.

Pete


Re: Open Source Signature Analyzer

 

Small update:

In single shot mode, I can get signatures matching a 5004 up to 5MHz
(which is as fast as my current function generator can go). It also
matches the unstable signature which happens when the first stop pulse
is missed.

By connecting the data probe to Vcc the resulting signature is only
dependant on the number of clock cycles in the gate window. So,for
example, I can see one signature is the result of 20 clocks and the
other is 40. Interesting the 5004a has the same behavior. I'll
have to dig out the Tek 308 and compare behavior.

Things aren't working quite as well in continuous run mode; I have
some wierd timing issue that I have to track down that is causing
unstable signatures.

I also need to dig up (and probably fix) a faster function generator
to drive my signature test circuit. The B&K output above 1MHz looks
more like a sine than a square wave which isn't helping anything.
Target is correct operation at 10MHz and hopefully faster.

Paul

--
Paul Amaranth, GCIH | Manchester MI, USA
Aurora Group of Michigan, LLC | Security, Systems & Software
paul@... | Unix/Linux - We don't do windows


Re: SCPI Command Parser Firmware For Instrument

 

¿ªÔÆÌåÓý

On 2023-07-12 09:31 AM, Forrest Erickson wrote:
Anyone here developed a SCPI command parser for embedding in an instrument?? Or know of one well developed.?

Contact me privately at SteveHx at HxEngineering period com.

Steve Hendrix


Re: SCPI Command Parser Firmware For Instrument

 

Yes, I think it was one of those that I'd seen.
Either sound as though they might get you most of the way there - I think you'll be very lucky to find one that's complete in every possible way and yet fits in the tiny memory of a UNO. Strtoull() wouldn't be hard to write and may not even be necessary unless you know you want 64 bit values. Just substitute strtoul().


Re: SCPI Command Parser Firmware For Instrument

 

Regarding, "What have you looked at ?"

I think it was this one:??
It works against a limited set of fixed strings defined a compile time.
IIRC I thought it was not adequate for managing instrument state per some of the SCPI99 documentation. HOWEVER It may be my imaginiation of how to use it that is a limitation.??I do see there has been recent commits against it and I know I have NOT evaluated what ever is the latest versoin.

New to me is this one:?
I see it works only on Teensy 4.1. So if it was around before I would have passed over it as I do want an UNO solution and so was asking here because this is an Instrument = Equipment group by my inference.


Re: SCPI Command Parser Firmware For Instrument

 

I have seen one but not investigated how compliant it is. I'm not sure I can find it again and be sure it's better than one you've rejected. What have you looked at ?


On Wed, Jul 12, 2023 at 2:56?PM Michael Kellett <mk@...> wrote:
You might find this helpful:



MK