Odp: PO POLSKU First group poll closes 12 Oct
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Wy zyjecie w innym SWIECIE !!!!!!!! Dzisiaj Rzad Polski od 60 lat uchyla sie /unika/ zwrotu nawet POLAKOM pomimo WYROKOW SADOW POLSKICH /z 1996/ ich mienia.!!!!!!!!!! Sam obecny Prezydent Aleksander Kwasniewski mowi aby skarzyc do SADU. A jak sie juz ma wyrok SADU. Wtedy Premier Polski na pismie pisze " "NIE MOGE WSKAZAC TERMINY WYKONANIA WYROKU" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Moja sprawe rozpatruje SAD w SZTRAZBURGU - Francja. juz kilka lat?? Wyrko jak i pisma Premiera Polski opublikowalem na wlasnych stronach www.us.wroc.pl/bio-rytm/main.htm I nikogo to nie dziwi. Zadna konwencja praw czlowieka to nie interesuje. Bo Polska Rzeczypospolita nie wykonuje wyrokow sadowych przeciwko Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej. /2001/. Najlepiej udawac ze to nie istnieje. !!!!!!!!!! Za czasow Hitlera i Stalina wszyscy udawali ze to nie istenieje. !!!!!!!!!! i dale utrzymywali normalene stosunki dyplomatyczne. ???????? Tak to jest u nas na Polskiej ziemi ad. 2001. Wladyslaw Czapski. 2001.10.11 Wroclaw PL ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ----- Wiadomosc oryginalna ----- Od: "Stefan Wisniowski" <swisniowski@...> Do: <Kresy-Siberia@...> Wyslano: 11 pazdziernika 2001 02:48 Temat: [Kresy-Siberia] PO POLSKU First group poll closes 12 Oct Panie Wladyslawie (i inni) Oto przetlumaczenie naszego sondarzu na polski. Prosze wybaczyc slaby uzytek jezyka polskiego, ale mam nadzejie ze bedzie starczyc do rozumienia. Mam szcera nadzieje ze po takim wysilku, pan bedzie mial okazie uczestniczyc w sondarzu! Jezeli bylby ktos natyle godny aby mi pomc z poprawkami, to prosze napisac do mnie bezposzrednio na swisniowski@.... Dziekuje -- Dear Wladyslaw (and others) Here is a quick translation into Polish of the poll for anybody that needs it. Please forgive my amateurish Polish, but I hope it gets the idea across. I sincerely hope that after this effort, you will take the opportunity to participate in the poll! By the way, would anybody on the list kind enough to offer me corrections to improve my command of the written language please send me an e-mail directly to swisniowski@.... Thanks -- Stefan Wisniowski Moderator, Kresy-Siberia Ja nie moge odpowiedziec na pytania bo duzo nie rozumiem.
"I can't answer the questions because I do not understand them well" Wladyslaw Czapski
Hi,
I have received 5 answers to this poll, and will be concluding it at
5pm New York time on Friday 12 October. So please, express
you opinion by going to
and going to the Polls link. You may need to register with Yahoo,
but this is a one-time process that takes only a short time then
gives you access to the archives, photos, etc.
Regards,
Stefan
"Czesc, Otrzymalem 5 odpowiedzi na sondarz, i zamykam termin do odpowiedzenia w piatek, 12 pazdziernika o godzinie 17:00 w czasie Nowego Jorku. Prosze wykazac wasza opinie na stronnicy . Mozliwe ze trzeba zarejestrowac sie na Yahoo, ale to tylko po jeden ras i dlugo nie zajmuje - a wtedy daje prawo ogladac archiwa, fotografie, itd. Pozdrawiam, Stefan Here is the poll:
"Recently Nazi victims of forced labour were paid compensation
by German government and industry. Do you think that the
families of the deportees to Siberia should also get any
compensation for their loss of land and period of forced labour
under the Soviets?
- No, they have been compensated already
- No, they lost that right when they didn't go back to Poland after
the War
- No, it may not be just but we need to move on with the future
- Maybe - I need to learn more about this
- Yes - from the countries of the former USSR
- Yes - from Poland itself
- Yes - but don't know how or from who "
Oto sondarz: "Ostatnio, ofiary pracy umusowej Nazismu otrzymaly oszkodowanie fundowane przez zad niemiecki oraz przez firmy niemieckie. Czy myslicie ze wywiezieni do Syberii (i Kazakstanu itd.) powinni tez otrzymac odszkodowanie za strate mienia i za prace umusowa pod sowietami? - Nie, bo juz otrzymali odszkodowanie - Nie, stracili to prawo gdy nie wruczili do polski po wojnie - Moze, ale musze sie wiecej dowiedziec - Tak, od krajw poprzedniego ZSSR - Tak, od rzadu polski - Tak, ale nie jestem pewien jak i od kogo>>> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Wy zyjecie w innym SWIECIE !!!!!!!! Dzisiaj Rzad Polski od 60 lat uchyla sie /unika/ zwrotu nawet POLAKOM pomimo WYROKOW SADOW POLSKICH /z 1996/ ich mienia. Sam obecny Prezydent Aleksander Kwasniewski mowi aby skarzyc do SADU. A jak sie juz ma wyrok SADU. Wtedy Premier Polski na pismie pisze " "NIE MOGE WSKAZAC TERMINY WYKONANIA WYROKU" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Moja sprawe rozpatruje SAD w SZTRAZBURGU - Francja. juz kilka lat?? Wyrko jak i pisma Premiera Polski opublikowalem na wlasnych stronach www.us.wroc.pl/bio-rytm/main.htm I nikogo to nie dziwi. Zadna konwencja praw czlowieka to nie interesuje. Bo Polska Rzeczypospolita nie wykonuje wyrokow sadowych przeciwko Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej. /2001/. Najlepiej udawac ze to nie istnieje. !!!!!!!!!! Za czasow Hitlera i Stalina wszyscy udawali ze to nie istenieje. !!!!!!!!!! i dale utrzymywali normalene stosunki dyplomatyczne. ???????? Tak to jest u nas na Polskiej ziemi ad. 2001. Wladyslaw Czapski. 2001.10.11 Wroclaw PL ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + KRESY-SIBERIA GROUP + Research, Remembrance, Recognition +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Website: +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Replies to this message will go directly to the full list. + Send e-mails to: Kresy-Siberia@... +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + To Subscribe, send a blank e-mail to: + Kresy-Siberia-subscribe@... AND + a message to Kresy-Siberia-owner@... + saying who you are and your interest in the group +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: + Kresy-Siberia-unsubscribe@... +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to
|
Re: Information about Kresy & the Deportations
Thanks Ed,
The good news is that I have this book in it's English translation as well
as the Polish original. It is called "Stalin's Ethnic Cleansing in Eastern
Poland - Tales of the Deported 1940-1946". It is indeed a valuable book.
Marek Duchnowski, a recent member of our group, was responsible for putting
the book on the web - and if you visit the site, I'm sure you will agree
that it is a masterpiece!
Go to www.StalinsEthnicCleansing.com for more information on the English
version and for information on how to order copies. (Marek, this may be a
good time to get the publishers to accept credit cards and/or to accept US
funds).
I should also say that I have built a little library of perhaps 15 books on
this topic in the last year, and one which I found very informative is by
Jan T. Gross (yes, the same one who later wrote about Jedwabne). it is
called "Revolution from Abroad : The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western
Ukraine and Western Belorussia". He based his research on the Hoover
Institution archive of testimonies left by the deportees who joined Anders
Army (like Ed!). Here is the weblink to Amazon books to check it out:
Though it is out of print, they have a used book service where you can order
it over the web for US$25 and up. I have taken the liberty of appending a
review of the book, from the Amazon site.
--
Stefan Wisniowski
Moderator, Kresy-Siberia
toggle quoted message
Show quoted text
Brilliant analysis of an ignored event of World War II, May 21, 2000
Reviewer: seydlitz89 from Portugal
The main primary source of this book is a collection of thousands of
handwritten statements collected by the Polish government in exile when they
interviewed the surviving Polish citizens released after the 1942 "amnesty" of
those detained by the Soviets after 1939. By careful research, crosschecking
and comparison with other resources Professor Gross has been able to produce a
work of exceptional clarity and importance in understanding the workings of
Stalinism in particular and totalitarianism in general.
He provides an outline of Soviet occupation policy and methods. The whole
process seems to have been well planned out, one phase setting up the
conditions to implement the second, which in turn set up the conditions for
the third, all this operating within an artificial atmosphere of fear, chaos
and confusion. An initial period of lawlessness, promoted by the Soviets in
order for a rapid collapse of the old order accompanied by the promoting of
ethic hatreds among the four main groups- Poles, Ukrainians, Belorussians and
Jews, was followed by rapid consolidation of police powers by those who owed
their new won power to Soviet authority alone. In the process of laying out
this interesting story, Gross adds many interesting insights.
Discussion of social control, prisons and deportation, NKVD interrogation
methods (including use of female interrogators) and much more provides a well
rounded sketch of this particularly brutal episode of Polish history. I found
his analysis of the "privatization of the public realm", "the spoiler state",
"totalitarian language", and Soviet use of family networks to insure
discipline and control illuminating.
Actually the only short coming of this very interesting book is that is was
published in 1988 just before the end of the Soviet Union and thus produced
without the use of the since partially-opened Soviet archives. He only has
limited information on the Katyn massacres for instance. While this should not
affect his conclusions or insights, it may give more accurate statistics than
those quoted. Perhaps a new revised edition is called for. In the meantime,
this book should be a welcome addition to any library on Polish history,
Soviet history or the history of World War II. From: "edtar" <edtar@...>
Reply-To: Kresy-Siberia@...
Date: Wed, 10 Oct 2001 21:01:44 -0400
To: <Kresy-Siberia@...>
Subject: [Kresy-Siberia] Information about Kresy
The best source of information about Kresy is the book "Z Kresow Wschodnich
R.P. Na Wygnanie". It is a collection of memories and descriptions of
settlements of 142 survivors of Kresy from almost as many Osady (settlements)
on the Kresy. Unfortunately it is only in Polish. I was told once that it is
being translated. The book (700 pages) was published by Ognisko Rodzin
Osadnikow Kresowych in London, 1996. ISBN 1 872286 33 X, printed by Caldra
House LTD, 23 Coleridge Street, Hove, Sussex BN3 5AB. The book contains
information about how the settlements came into being, various statistics and
how they progressed and fared up to 1940- 48.
Edward Tarchalski, Kresowiak
and survivor of Siberia.
|
Re: Information about Kresy
I have a snippet of it on my Kresy pages
Paul
At 21:01 10/10/2001 -0400, edtar wrote:
The best source of information
about Kresy is the book "Z Kresow Wschodnich
R.P. Na Wygnanie".? It is a collection of memories and
descriptions of
settlements of 142 survivors of Kresy from almost as many Osady
(settlements) on the Kresy. Unfortunately it is only in Polish. I was
told
once that it is being translated. The book (700 pages) was published
by
Ognisko Rodzin Osadnikow Kresowych in London, 1996.?? ISBN 1
872286 33 X,
printed by Caldra House LTD, 23 Coleridge Street, Hove, Sussex BN3
5AB.
??? The book contains information about how the
settlements came into being,
various statistics and how they progressed and fared up to 1940-
48.
??? Edward Tarchalski,
Kresowiak and survivor of Siberia.
----- Original Message -----
From: Stefan Wisniowski
To:
Sent: Wednesday, October 10, 2001 8:07 PM
Subject: [Kresy-Siberia] Welcome Mark Terech
> Witamy,
> Welcome Mark!
>
> I hope that this group can offer you some assistance as we all try
to
piece
> together the details of what happened and why.? Many of us have
bits and
> pieces of the puzzle.? I wish I had started this research when
I lived in
> Canada, where there are more "Sybiracy" than in Australia,
but the power
of
> the internet is such that we have members from countries across the
globe.
>
> In any case, for a lot of material on this whole tragic episode,
please
> visit the site
and check out the links.
>
> Regards,
> Pozdrawiam,
> --
> Stefan Wisniowski
> Moderator, Kresy-Siberia
>
>
> ----------
> > From: "markt"
> > Reply-To:
> > Date: Wed, 10 Oct 2001 19:24:11 +0100
> > To: "Stefan Wisniowski"?
> > Subject: Interest in group
> >
> > Dear Stefan,
> > I came across your group from the Yahoo Polish chat group.
> >
> > My interest is that my late father Edmund Terech was deported to
Archangielsk
> > along with both his parents. From there he joined the Polish army when
it was
> > being formed, serving in the 2nd Korpus, 5th Kresowa Dywizja Piechoty, 5
> > Kresowa Baon C.K.M. with whom he fought with at Monte Cassino. After
Italy he
> > settled in England.
> >
> > My mother Krystina Kornecka was deported to Uralsk with her parents and
her 2
> > brothers. When the Polish army was being formed her father joined the
army and
> > both her brothers joined the cadets My mother along with her mother and
> > Grandmother were then sent to Africa (Camp Ifundi) afterwards settling
in
> > England were she met my father.
> >
> > My Father in Law Ludwik Rudkowski along with his mother and 2 sisters
were
> > deported to Semipalatinsk (his father was a policeman in Poland and was
> > arrested earlier) He also joined the Army and served in the Parachute
> > Regiment.
> >
> > This is just a brief outline I am in the process of recording there
lives for
> > my children to read. Hope your group might be of some help I will give
details
> > of the villages they were born etc.etc. in aa later e-mail
> >
> > Regards
> > Mark
>
>
> +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> +?? KRESY-SIBERIA GROUP
> +??? Research, Remembrance, Recognition
> +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> +??? Website:?
> +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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> +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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> +??? Kresy-Siberia-subscribe@... AND
> +??? a message to Kresy-Siberia-owner@...
> +??? saying who you are and your interest in the group
> +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> +?? To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
> +?? Kresy-Siberia-unsubscribe@...
> +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>
> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to
>
>
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The best source of information about Kresy is the book "Z Kresow Wschodnich
R.P. Na Wygnanie". It is a collection of memories and descriptions of
settlements of 142 survivors of Kresy from almost as many Osady
(settlements) on the Kresy. Unfortunately it is only in Polish. I was told
once that it is being translated. The book (700 pages) was published by
Ognisko Rodzin Osadnikow Kresowych in London, 1996. ISBN 1 872286 33 X,
printed by Caldra House LTD, 23 Coleridge Street, Hove, Sussex BN3 5AB.
The book contains information about how the settlements came into being,
various statistics and how they progressed and fared up to 1940- 48.
Edward Tarchalski,
Kresowiak and survivor of Siberia.
toggle quoted message
Show quoted text
----- Original Message ----- From: Stefan Wisniowski <swisniowski@...> To: <Kresy-Siberia@...> Sent: Wednesday, October 10, 2001 8:07 PM Subject: [Kresy-Siberia] Welcome Mark Terech Witamy,
Welcome Mark!
I hope that this group can offer you some assistance as we all try to piece together the details of what happened and why. Many of us have bits and
pieces of the puzzle. I wish I had started this research when I lived in
Canada, where there are more "Sybiracy" than in Australia, but the power of the internet is such that we have members from countries across the globe.
In any case, for a lot of material on this whole tragic episode, please
visit the site www.AForgottenOdyssey.com and check out the links.
Regards,
Pozdrawiam,
--
Stefan Wisniowski
Moderator, Kresy-Siberia
----------
From: "markt" <markt@...>
Reply-To: <markt@...>
Date: Wed, 10 Oct 2001 19:24:11 +0100
To: "Stefan Wisniowski" <swisniowski@...>
Subject: Interest in group
Dear Stefan,
I came across your group from the Yahoo Polish chat group.
My interest is that my late father Edmund Terech was deported to Archangielsk along with both his parents. From there he joined the Polish army when
it was being formed, serving in the 2nd Korpus, 5th Kresowa Dywizja Piechoty, 5
Kresowa Baon C.K.M. with whom he fought with at Monte Cassino. After
Italy he settled in England.
My mother Krystina Kornecka was deported to Uralsk with her parents and
her 2 brothers. When the Polish army was being formed her father joined the
army and both her brothers joined the cadets My mother along with her mother and
Grandmother were then sent to Africa (Camp Ifundi) afterwards settling
in England were she met my father.
My Father in Law Ludwik Rudkowski along with his mother and 2 sisters
were deported to Semipalatinsk (his father was a policeman in Poland and was
arrested earlier) He also joined the Army and served in the Parachute
Regiment.
This is just a brief outline I am in the process of recording there
lives for my children to read. Hope your group might be of some help I will give
details of the villages they were born etc.etc. in aa later e-mail
Regards
Mark
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ KRESY-SIBERIA GROUP
+ Research, Remembrance, Recognition
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ Website:
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ Replies to this message will go directly to the full list.
+ Send e-mails to: Kresy-Siberia@...
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ To Subscribe, send a blank e-mail to:
+ Kresy-Siberia-subscribe@... AND
+ a message to Kresy-Siberia-owner@...
+ saying who you are and your interest in the group
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
+ Kresy-Siberia-unsubscribe@...
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to
|
PO POLSKU First group poll closes 12 Oct
Panie Wladyslawie (i inni) Oto przetlumaczenie naszego sondarzu na polski. Prosze wybaczyc slaby uzytek jezyka polskiego, ale mam nadzejie ze bedzie starczyc do rozumienia. Mam szcera nadzieje ze po takim wysilku, pan bedzie mial okazie uczestniczyc w sondarzu! Jezeli bylby ktos natyle godny aby mi pom¨®c z poprawkami, to prosze napisac do mnie bezposzrednio na swisniowski@.... Dziekuje -- Dear Wladyslaw (and others) Here is a quick translation into Polish of the poll for anybody that needs it. Please forgive my amateurish Polish, but I hope it gets the idea across. I sincerely hope that after this effort, you will take the opportunity to participate in the poll! By the way, would anybody on the list kind enough to offer me corrections to improve my command of the written language please send me an e-mail directly to swisniowski@.... Thanks -- Stefan Wisniowski Moderator, Kresy-Siberia Ja nie moge odpowiedziec na pytania bo duzo nie rozumiem.
"I can't answer the questions because I do not understand them well" Wladyslaw Czapski
Hi,
I have received 5 answers to this poll, and will be concluding it at
5pm New York time on Friday 12 October. So please, express
you opinion by going to
and going to the Polls link. You may need to register with Yahoo,
but this is a one-time process that takes only a short time then
gives you access to the archives, photos, etc.
Regards,
Stefan
"Czesc, Otrzymalem 5 odpowiedzi na sondarz, i zamykam termin do odpowiedzenia w piatek, 12 pazdziernika o godzinie 17:00 w czasie Nowego Jorku. Prosze wykazac wasza opinie na stronnicy . Mozliwe ze trzeba zarejestrowac sie na Yahoo, ale to tylko po jeden ras i dlugo nie zajmuje - a wtedy daje prawo ogladac archiwa, fotografie, itd. Pozdrawiam, Stefan Here is the poll:
"Recently Nazi victims of forced labour were paid compensation
by German government and industry. Do you think that the
families of the deportees to Siberia should also get any
compensation for their loss of land and period of forced labour
under the Soviets?
- No, they have been compensated already
- No, they lost that right when they didn't go back to Poland after
the War
- No, it may not be just but we need to move on with the future
- Maybe - I need to learn more about this
- Yes - from the countries of the former USSR
- Yes - from Poland itself
- Yes - but don't know how or from who "
Oto sondarz: "Ostatnio, ofiary pracy umusowej Nazismu otrzymaly oszkodowanie fundowane przez zad niemiecki oraz przez firmy niemieckie. Czy myslicie ze wywiezieni do Syberii (i Kazakstanu itd.) powinni tez otrzymac odszkodowanie za strate mienia i za prace umusowa pod sowietami? - Nie, bo juz otrzymali odszkodowanie - Nie, stracili to prawo gdy nie wruczili do polski po wojnie - Moze, ale musze sie wiecej dowiedziec - Tak, od kraj¨®w poprzedniego ZSSR - Tak, od rzadu polski - Tak, ale nie jestem pewien jak i od kogo>>>
|
Witamy,
Welcome Mark!
I hope that this group can offer you some assistance as we all try to piece
together the details of what happened and why. Many of us have bits and
pieces of the puzzle. I wish I had started this research when I lived in
Canada, where there are more "Sybiracy" than in Australia, but the power of
the internet is such that we have members from countries across the globe.
In any case, for a lot of material on this whole tragic episode, please
visit the site www.AForgottenOdyssey.com and check out the links.
Regards,
Pozdrawiam,
--
Stefan Wisniowski
Moderator, Kresy-Siberia
----------
toggle quoted message
Show quoted text
From: "markt" <markt@...>
Reply-To: <markt@...>
Date: Wed, 10 Oct 2001 19:24:11 +0100
To: "Stefan Wisniowski" <swisniowski@...>
Subject: Interest in group
Dear Stefan,
I came across your group from the Yahoo Polish chat group.
My interest is that my late father Edmund Terech was deported to Archangielsk
along with both his parents. From there he joined the Polish army when it was
being formed, serving in the 2nd Korpus, 5th Kresowa Dywizja Piechoty, 5
Kresowa Baon C.K.M. with whom he fought with at Monte Cassino. After Italy he
settled in England.
My mother Krystina Kornecka was deported to Uralsk with her parents and her 2
brothers. When the Polish army was being formed her father joined the army and
both her brothers joined the cadets My mother along with her mother and
Grandmother were then sent to Africa (Camp Ifundi) afterwards settling in
England were she met my father.
My Father in Law Ludwik Rudkowski along with his mother and 2 sisters were
deported to Semipalatinsk (his father was a policeman in Poland and was
arrested earlier) He also joined the Army and served in the Parachute
Regiment.
This is just a brief outline I am in the process of recording there lives for
my children to read. Hope your group might be of some help I will give details
of the villages they were born etc.etc. in aa later e-mail
Regards
Mark
|
Witamy! Welcome to Joe,
Can anybody help Joe with these questions?
Joe, like you, I have a desire to go to the land of my fathers. In my case,
this is now in Ukraine just outside Brody. There are also discussions about
excursions to Persia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and the other places on their
"odyssey". I wonder how those plans will all unfold given current events in
this part of the world?
Joe, for a lot of material on this whole tragic episode, please visit the
site www.AForgottenOdyssey.com.
Welcome again!
Stefan
----------
toggle quoted message
Show quoted text
From: Joe Zelwietro <deplib@...>
Hello Stefan:
I'm happy to introduce myself, although the more I find out about this
matter, the sadder and angrier I get.
My name is Joe Zelwietro (actually it's Z with a dot above it). I have
been exploring my heritage and my father's life before he settled in
Canada. I am using the Internet as a discovery tool because my father
is dead. It was especially sad, because he died before Poland had
regained her freedom in 1989, but I know he was not unique in that
respect. My father was a good man, but he was reluctant to speak of the
time between 1939 and 1942. He was one of the many who was taken
prisoner by the Soviets from Wilno area and ended up a decorated soldier
in the Polish 2nd Corps, but also a man without a country.
I want to go there and see where he is from and show my children where
their grandfather came from. While there are many things I want to know
I am joining this list with the hope that other members can help me with
two specific questions.
Is there anybody who has knows a Zelwietro, Zelwietr, Zelwetra, or
Zelwetro? (Remember that's Z with a dot)
Where is my father's village now?
He was born in Bortkiewiecze powiat Oszmina woj. Wilno
I know this area is in Lithuania now, but that's all I know.
If anybody can help I would be greatly indebted,
Thank you,
Joe Zelwietro
I have been in contact with various people who have been helpful in
several ways, but not totally.
|
Re: First group poll closes 12 Oct
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Show quoted text
----- Original Message ----- From: Wladyslaw Czapski <biorytm@...> To: <Kresy-Siberia@...> Sent: Wednesday, October 10, 2001 12:48 PM Subject: Odp: [Kresy-Siberia] First group poll closes 12 Oct Ja nie moge odpowiedziec na pytania bo duzo nie rozumiem.
Wladyslaw Czapski
----- Wiadomosc oryginalna -----
Od: <swisniowski@...>
Do: <Kresy-Siberia@...>
Wyslano: 10 pazdziernika 2001 18:29
Temat: [Kresy-Siberia] First group poll closes 12 Oct
Hi,
I have received 5 answers to this poll, and will be concluding it at
5pm New York time on Friday 12 October. So please, express
you opinion by going to
and going to the Polls link. You may need to register with Yahoo,
but this is a one-time process that takes only a short time then
gives you access to the archives, photos, etc.
Regards,
Stefan
Here is the poll:
"Recently Nazi victims of forced labour were paid compensation
by German government and industry. Do you think that the
families of the deportees to Siberia should also get any
compensation for their loss of land and period of forced labour
under the Soviets?
- No, they have been compensated already
- No, they lost that right when they didn't go back to Poland after
the War
- No, it may not be just but we need to move on with the future
- Maybe - I need to learn more about this
- Yes - from the countries of the former USSR
- Yes - from Poland itself
- Yes - but don't know how or from who "
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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+ KRESY-SIBERIA GROUP
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+ Send e-mails to: Kresy-Siberia@...
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Re: First group poll closes 12 Oct
Panie Czapski, czy Pan zna angielski??? Z Pana odpowiedzi wyglada ze nie.
Spotkalismy sie na zjezdzie afrykanczykow we Wroclawiu pare lat temu,
chyba w 1998roku. Pan zrobil pare zdjec i podal na swojej stronie.
Pozdrowienia
Edward Tarchalski
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----- Original Message ----- From: Wladyslaw Czapski <biorytm@...> To: <Kresy-Siberia@...> Sent: Wednesday, October 10, 2001 12:48 PM Subject: Odp: [Kresy-Siberia] First group poll closes 12 Oct Ja nie moge odpowiedziec na pytania bo duzo nie rozumiem.
Wladyslaw Czapski
----- Wiadomosc oryginalna -----
Od: <swisniowski@...>
Do: <Kresy-Siberia@...>
Wyslano: 10 pazdziernika 2001 18:29
Temat: [Kresy-Siberia] First group poll closes 12 Oct
Hi,
I have received 5 answers to this poll, and will be concluding it at
5pm New York time on Friday 12 October. So please, express
you opinion by going to
and going to the Polls link. You may need to register with Yahoo,
but this is a one-time process that takes only a short time then
gives you access to the archives, photos, etc.
Regards,
Stefan
Here is the poll:
"Recently Nazi victims of forced labour were paid compensation
by German government and industry. Do you think that the
families of the deportees to Siberia should also get any
compensation for their loss of land and period of forced labour
under the Soviets?
- No, they have been compensated already
- No, they lost that right when they didn't go back to Poland after
the War
- No, it may not be just but we need to move on with the future
- Maybe - I need to learn more about this
- Yes - from the countries of the former USSR
- Yes - from Poland itself
- Yes - but don't know how or from who "
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ KRESY-SIBERIA GROUP
+ Research, Remembrance, Recognition
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ Website:
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ Replies to this message will go directly to the full list.
+ Send e-mails to: Kresy-Siberia@...
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ To Subscribe, send a blank e-mail to:
+ Kresy-Siberia-subscribe@... AND
+ a message to Kresy-Siberia-owner@...
+ saying who you are and your interest in the group
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
+ Kresy-Siberia-unsubscribe@...
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ KRESY-SIBERIA GROUP
+ Research, Remembrance, Recognition
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ Website:
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ Replies to this message will go directly to the full list.
+ Send e-mails to: Kresy-Siberia@...
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ To Subscribe, send a blank e-mail to:
+ Kresy-Siberia-subscribe@... AND
+ a message to Kresy-Siberia-owner@...
+ saying who you are and your interest in the group
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Odp: First group poll closes 12 Oct
Ja nie moge odpowiedziec na pytania bo duzo nie rozumiem.
Wladyslaw Czapski
----- Wiadomosc oryginalna -----
Od: <swisniowski@...>
Do: <Kresy-Siberia@...>
Wyslano: 10 pazdziernika 2001 18:29
Temat: [Kresy-Siberia] First group poll closes 12 Oct
toggle quoted message
Show quoted text
Hi,
I have received 5 answers to this poll, and will be concluding it at
5pm New York time on Friday 12 October. So please, express
you opinion by going to
and going to the Polls link. You may need to register with Yahoo,
but this is a one-time process that takes only a short time then
gives you access to the archives, photos, etc.
Regards,
Stefan
Here is the poll:
"Recently Nazi victims of forced labour were paid compensation
by German government and industry. Do you think that the
families of the deportees to Siberia should also get any
compensation for their loss of land and period of forced labour
under the Soviets?
- No, they have been compensated already
- No, they lost that right when they didn't go back to Poland after
the War
- No, it may not be just but we need to move on with the future
- Maybe - I need to learn more about this
- Yes - from the countries of the former USSR
- Yes - from Poland itself
- Yes - but don't know how or from who "
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ KRESY-SIBERIA GROUP
+ Research, Remembrance, Recognition
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ Website:
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ Replies to this message will go directly to the full list.
+ Send e-mails to: Kresy-Siberia@...
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ To Subscribe, send a blank e-mail to:
+ Kresy-Siberia-subscribe@... AND
+ a message to Kresy-Siberia-owner@...
+ saying who you are and your interest in the group
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
+ Kresy-Siberia-unsubscribe@...
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to
|
FW: First group poll closes 12 Oct
Sorry - I left the website address off:
--
Stefan Wisniowski
Moderator, Kresy-Siberia
----------
So please, express your opinion by going to
and going to the Polls link.
You may need to register with Yahoo, but this is a one-time process that
takes only a short time then gives you access to the archives, photos, etc.
|
First group poll closes 12 Oct
Hi,
I have received 5 answers to this poll, and will be concluding it at
5pm New York time on Friday 12 October. So please, express
you opinion by going to
and going to the Polls link. You may need to register with Yahoo,
but this is a one-time process that takes only a short time then
gives you access to the archives, photos, etc.
Regards,
Stefan
Here is the poll:
"Recently Nazi victims of forced labour were paid compensation
by German government and industry. Do you think that the
families of the deportees to Siberia should also get any
compensation for their loss of land and period of forced labour
under the Soviets?
- No, they have been compensated already
- No, they lost that right when they didn't go back to Poland after
the War
- No, it may not be just but we need to move on with the future
- Maybe - I need to learn more about this
- Yes - from the countries of the former USSR
- Yes - from Poland itself
- Yes - but don't know how or from who "
|
Welcome to Grace!
Stefan
----------------------------
Hi,
My name is Grace Pundyk and I have just started researching my father's
family history - thus have come across your site. My father, Stanislaw Josef
Pundyk was born in Kolomyja in 1921. In 1940 his mother, Zofia (nee)
Stratkowska was taken to a camp in Kazakhstan, though I have no idea where
and I think this is where she died though I do remember vague stories of her
escaping and being recaptured. My grandfather was a sergeant in the Polish
army. I don't know what he did during the war but he ended up immigrating to
Scotland. I gather he was already away when the Russians came in 1940 as my
grandmother was taken to Kazakhstan alone. My father had been sent (by the
Polish government?) to Switzerland as an intern to study and so he never saw
his mother again. He immigrated to Australia where he tried to close the
chapter of this tragic part of his life. He never talked very much about the
war but I knew he was terrified at the thought of the then Polish communist
government tracing his whereabouts and taking him back to Poland. The story
goes that he was one of eleven students selected and sent to Switzerland by
the Polish government who then expected them to return to help re-build the
new state. Don't know how true this is - if anyone can verify this or not
would be great.
Grace Pundyk
grace@...
|
I want to share the enclosed email I just received from a woman
in Kolhapur, India who had read my mother's memoirs and letters
on my website: www.polandsholocaust.com/memoir2.html
From 1942-1948 there was a large Polish refugee camp at Valivade-
Kolhapur that included my mother Janina Sulkowska and
her father Jan Sulkowski who arrived in May 1947.
He taught in the Business School and was Director of the
Co-operative Zgoda. My mother edited the "Sloniatko Indijeskie"
and also taught. She also took a course in Comsetology which
she never used. They left for England in February 1948.
I was both amazed and moved by this Indian woman's empathy
and interest and by her request that comes some 54 years after
the fact to my mother who died in 1997 at age 83. My mother
often joked that she had never had a chance to use her
training in cosmetology and hygiene--until now I must add.
In fact Janka's advice is to her mother struggling to make ends
meet in Poland to where she returned from Kazakhstan in 1946.
I really didn't know how to answer this woman but I thanked
and blessed her:
"Hi! Janka
I am Dinesh. Iam an Indian. I have read some of your letters.
I felt happy during later part of your stay and sad during the
early stages of your life. Actually, I read your letters, because
I havelot of intrest in knowing the past.
One more thing, I am very much intrested in
getting the medicine(lotion) you have. If u could
tell me where i can get it in Kholahapur, I will buy it.
I quote a small paragraph from your letter.
'I completed a course in Modern Cosmetology &
Hygiene with "very good" in Polish and English--but I
don't know where it will be valid. Mama you must try my regenerator
for white hair which I'm sending. It's wonderful and it won't
leave your hair violet or green as was the case!
When you get my lotions tell everyone that they are secret
potions from India (people love the exotic!).'"
Chris Gladun. Toronto
p.s this email is also an example of the power of the internet
and its ability to make the past seem almost immediate--which
is both good and bad.
|
Welcome to Richard Sochacki
Please welcome Richard Sochacki from Australia to the group. He promises to
tell us a bit more about his family connections shortly!
Regards,
Stefan
--
Stefan Wisniowski
Moderator, Kresy-Siberia
----------
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From: "Richard Sochacki" <sochacki@...>
Date: Thu, 4 Oct 2001 19:37:10 +0800
To: <swisniowski@...>
Subject: Re: Kresy-Siberia
Dear Stefan
My apologies for not responding to your earlier message. I will try to
during the coming weekend. At the moment I am snowed under with work. By
way of a foretaste, my father and his family were deported from Poland early
in 1940.
Regards
Richard Sochacki
|
Welcome to the list, Mark. Perhaps I am near one of your relatives, if they
are near Sydney, in Australia.
--
Stefan Wisniowski
Moderator, Kresy-Siberia
----------
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From: "Mark Okopny" <mokopny@...>
Date: Sun, 07 Oct 2001 11:15:38 -0500
I have a very rare surname (Okopny). My grandfather Maksym came from Narayiv
Ukraine (then Narajow Austria) around 1911. This village is located 60 km
southeast of L'viv. Between famine, war, forced labor, and deportation, the
events of the 20th century scattered my family to the wind. I am trying to
sort thru and pick up the pieces.
So far I am in email contact with an Okopny in Toronto, London, Poland,
Moscow, Krasnodar Russia. I have located records of others to Argentina,
Brazil, and forced resettlement to Australia.
Mark Okopny
Chicago, Illinois.
United States
|
FW: Rescued from Death in Siberia
Hi group
For your interest, here is some info on a film on the deportation experience, in English, out of Canada. ?Congratulations to Michael on making it!
I would welcome any feedback (eg, a "review") from anybody who sees it. ?Also, if anybody is interested in "A Forgotten Odyssey" please let me know and I will try to arrange a copy with Jagna, the producer. ?I am sure that any proposals to show the film to local groups (Polish AND/OR English-speaking) would be most favourably welcomed!
Thanks
--
Stefan Wisniowski
Moderator, Kresy-Siberia
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Show quoted text
----------
From: "Michael Adamski"
Reply-To: "Michael Adamski"
Date: Sat, 6 Oct 2001 11:32:10 -0400
To:
Subject: Rescued from Death in Siberia
Dear Stefan Wisniowski
I checked your website on " A Forgotten Odyssey" and think that in 'The Odyssey' and my film there would be certain similarities. Anyway 'Rescued from Death in Siberia' is 82 min.Long. Is based on several interviews of former deportees to Siberia presently living in Canada and interposed with archival footage and commetary explaining the facts on the little known tragedy of close to 2 million people deported in the Years 1939-40 from Eastern Poland to Siberia.
To order a ?copy of the video ( to view it In Australia it has to be in PAl system, here we have NTSC. I have them in both) I would accept Can. $ 25 plus $15 for air postage M.O. or even personal cheque on any bank in Canada. If you send one in US funds of course it would be less.
Speaking of websites I have one ?www.globalseve.net/~emiliat/mdavideo.htm
but the 'Rescued from Death in Siberia' is till not in it.
Wish you all the best in your work and internet i serdeczne pozdrowienia
??????????????????Michael Adamski
??????????????????611/10 Edgecliffe Golfway
??????????????????Toronto, ON ??M3C 3A3
???????????????????Canada
?????E-mail: madamski@...
|
Hi Jan - I am putting this response out to the list to see if anybody has info on the town of KORZEC. It may be worth your while to get back to our site at www.AForgottenOdyssey.com, as it is in English and most of the sites on the links page are in English. Some of the sites are in Polish - and many in Poland do not speak English. However, I speak both and many people on the Kresy-Siberia list speak both. We can always help translate things. If you put some specific requests to the group, I'm sure that somebody will try to help you! Regards, -- Stefan Wisniowski Moderator, Kresy-Siberia From: JCBSERV@... Date: Fri, 5 Oct 2001 19:47:21 EDT Dear Stefan, I checked out the website, and it broke my heart! IT's all in Polish, which I do not read or speak. Is there a chance that it might be someday translated to English, for us who are looking for our families from the US? I did try to read the Wolyn pages, and I did see that Korzec, where my family is from was mentioned, but I couldn't make anything of the rest of the page! Is there a contact, someone I could write to in English to find out about my family? Thank you, Jan Birkner ========Original Message======== Subj: Introducing Jan Birkner Date: 10/04/01 2:11:02 AM Eastern Daylight Time From:? ? swisniowski@... (Stefan Wisniowski) To:? ? Kresy-Siberia@..., JCBSERV@... Welcome to Jan Birkner. Family from Kresy (pre-WW1 Galicia), deported to both Siberia and Kazakhstan (in 1940-41, I presume). Jan, to get a quick primer on this (more like "drinking from a fire hose") please visit our associated site www.AForgottenOdyssey.com and check out the links page.? The history of the 1.7 million Poles deported to Russia and the Soviet Union for forced labour and death is a shocking and little-recognised one.? That's why our motto is "research, remembrance, recognition". Again, welcome! ---------- From: JCBSERV@...
Date: Wed, 3 Oct 2001 18:51:56 EDT
Dear Stefan,
Someone on either the Russian or one of the Polish lists suggested that I join
this group, since my grandmother's family was sent to Siberia.? Strangely
enough, my grandfather's family was also sent to the camps, but they went to
Kazakhstan!? What a bunch!! No wonder NOBODY in the world knows anything about
either of them!
I have been doing genealogy for about 19 years, researching in Poland,
Ukraine, Prussia , and Denmark, as well as MA and NJ in the US.? My heritage
is Polish back to about the 1700s, when a small group of Germans came to
Poland to settle.? One of them became a Roman Catholic and married a Polish
girl.? All of the rest of my family are from Poland, as far back as I can
find, anyway.? Some were in Eastern Galicia, which is now western Ukraine, so
I have been looking there as well.? My husband's ancestors are mostly Danish,
except for his maternal grandmother, who was born out of wedlock in East
Prussia.? She was given her mother's name, Ewert, and later, her father and
mother married, and had a son.
One of my living cousins was sent to Siberia as a child.? She, her parents and
her 2 younger sisters.? Her sisters both died, but she and her parents
survived, and came to the US in the 50's some time.? I remember her arrival,
but not the year.? Of course, at the time,? I didn't know the significance of
the phrase, Displaced Person!? I spoke with her about 3 years ago, about her
experiences.? She said she was only a child then, and children don't really
realize what is going on around them.? She had no clear memories of the camps.
Except that when they were released, they were afraid to go back to their
home, and afraid to go deeper into Poland, so they WALKED to Iran.? From
there, they? ended up in England, and somehow contacted my dad, who worked for
Gdynia America line at the time, and he arranged for their their emigration to
the US.
Jan Birkner ----------------------- Headers -------------------------------- Return-Path: <swisniowski@...> Received: from? rly-zd02.mx.aol.com (rly-zd02.mail.aol.com [172.31.33.226]) by air-zd03.mail.aol.com (v81.8) with ESMTP id MAILINZD39-1004021102; Thu, 04 Oct 2001 02:11:02 -0400 Received: from? topaz.uk-dns.net ([64.46.100.8]) by rly-zd02.mx.aol.com (v80.21) with ESMTP id MAILRELAYINZD29-1004021047; Thu, 04 Oct 2001 02:10:47 -0400 Received: from [203.111.82.206] (helo=[203.111.82.206]) ? ? by topaz.uk-dns.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) ? ? id 15p1hg-0000sU-00; Thu, 04 Oct 2001 07:09:52 +0100 User-Agent: Microsoft-Outlook-Express-Macintosh-Edition/5.02.2022 Date: Thu, 04 Oct 2001 16:10:07 +1000 Subject: Introducing Jan Birkner From: Stefan Wisniowski <swisniowski@...> To: <Kresy-Siberia@...>, <JCBSERV@...> Message-ID: <B7E23A5E.133%swisniowski@...> In-Reply-To: <142.293d282.28ecf08c@...> Mime-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit X-AntiAbuse: This header was added to track abuse, please include it with any abuse report X-AntiAbuse: Primary Hostname - topaz.uk-dns.net X-AntiAbuse: Original Domain - aol.com X-AntiAbuse: Originator/Caller UID/GID - [0 0] / [0 0] X-AntiAbuse: Sender Address Domain - px.com.au
|
Re: : From Linder in England
I don't know if Linder is back with us, but here goes anyway
there's a Ukrainian shop in Notting Hill, London, I'm planing a trip to a
Portobello Market prior to Christmas
so I'll have a look for that book it they haven't got it they might know
of a man who has
Paul
At 12:08 09/19/2001 +1100, you wrote:
Knyha Pamiati Ukrainy means book of
Ukrainian remembrance or memory.
Jaworov (Polish) = Javirov (Ukrainian) . This town, designated in Russian
as
Javorov is just other side of the Polish-Ukrainian border.
Nachaczow (Polish) = Nahaciv (Ukrainian). Not on map.
Did not find a place called Kremenske in a detailed atlas.
There is a Kremenska Klisura? in Western Bulgaria near the border
with
Macedonia. It seems to be some Ridge of other topographical
designation.
Ed Tarchalski
----- Original Message -----
> Hi Stefan,
>
> Thank you for not putting the last bit of my letter to you, on the
list!
>
> Alan Szuch is a fellow on the list
mailto:such@...
- that has a
book
> called 'Knyha Pamaiti Ukrainy - published by Oblast, from the Ukranian
> bookstore in Edmonton. I'm not quite sure what type of book this is, but
it
> does seem to have names, where and when died, where buried, missing
persons
> names, date etc in it. He did a look-up for me and said 'as I'd been
> BOTHERED' to find out that Jaworow was Javoriv, Nachaczow was Nahaciv - he
> would do the look-up' - nice, I thought, I mailed him again to get more
> details on the book - nothing!
>
> Interesting thing, all these STAKHNYK's [my spelling - STACHNIK] were all
> buried in Kresnenske, wonder where that is?
>
> You're in Australia, I'm in England, the bookshop is in Canada - I think
> maybe Paul Havers or someone else on the list's may have a copy, I'll put
> the word out. Maybe there's something in it to give us all some help.
>
> I'm going on holiday on 29th? [Washington, USA] so I will un-subscribe
fron
> this email address and when I come back [hopefully?], I will re-subscribe
at
> a new email address - but I don't want to loose your list. I think I will
> learn heaps - best of luck with it - but I don't go till 29th, so keep
> posting please
>
> Linder
>
>
>
>
>
Kresy-Siberia Group - Research, Rememberance, Recognition
To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
Kresy-Siberia-unsubscribe@...
?
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Eastern Borderlands of II RP;??
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|
Stefan
I'll send a mail to a contact that I have in Poland and with any luck
he'll be able to tell me if there's
a way to get hold of A. Korzeniowski
FYI; I've created a message/chat board on the Kresy page, let's hope it
proves useful
it can be used for all sorts except for advertising and promoting
products
Paul
At 04:01 10/04/2001 +1000, you wrote:
Thanks to Ewa, I have referenced
again the recent article on compensation
for Kresy residents who lost their property (not to mention years of -
if
not all of - their lives) to the Soviets as a result of the
War.
I should note that "citizens" would include all those deported
or displaced
during the war who never returned to Poland.
I would welcome your feedback on this, especially from Janusz Giedrojc
and
others dealing with compensation issue.? I wonder if it is not
"too late" to
register a claim, especially as this seems to be heading into a
class-action
of some kind.
Would anybody know how to get in touch with Andrzej Korzeniowski,
president
of the Polish Society of the Kresy Residents-State Treasury
Creditors
(Og¨®lnopolskie Stowarzyszenie Kresowian Wierzycieli Skarbu
Panstwa)?
Thanks
Stefan
Here is the article:
Warsaw Voice
April 1, 2001 No. 13 (649)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
KEEPING PROMISES
The Legacy of Relocation
Paradoxically, Poland moved westward immediately following World War
II,
when from a geopolitical point of view Poland entered the sphere of
influence of its former eastern neighbor, the Soviet Union.
By virtue of a decision made by the time's great national powers,
confirmed
by pacts in Yalta and Potsdam, the borders of the Polish state were
radically changed. Postwar Poland lost its eastern territories, which
were
incorporated into the Soviet republics of Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine.
In
turn, the country gained land which until 1939 had belonged to Germany.
The
decision made by the "big four" resulted not only in changes of
state
borders, but also in a huge wave of migration, changing the ethnic
make-up
and national status in the Kresy, as Poland's former eastern territories
are
called.
The repercussions of those migrations continue to this day. There are
many
unsettled matters stemming from those times, including the question
of
indemnities for Polish citizens whose property remained beyond the
eastern
border.
The communist government of postwar Poland, initially formed on the
territory of the Soviet Union, aimed to make Poland an ethnically
uniform
country. The same was true of the objectives of Soviet governments,
which
sought to rid themselves of the Polish element in Belarus, Lithuania
and
Ukraine. In order to achieve these ends, in 1944 both parties began
organizing great population shifts.
During these dislocations, Belarussians and Ukrainians were shipped
East
within the areas defined by the decisions from Yalta. The East, in turn,
saw
the displacement of Polish citizens who had lived in the territories
which
were incorporated into the Soviet state.
The agreements with Ukraine and Belarus stated that between Sept. 15
and
Oct. 15, 1944, there would be a registration of people willing to
resettle,
and the process of resettlement would take place between Oct. 15, 1944,
and
Feb. 1, 1945. The agreement with Lithuania assumed slightly different
dates:
the registration would be carried out between Oct. 1 and Dec. 31, 1944,
and
the relocation was supposed to start Dec. 1, 1944 and continue through
April
1, 1945.
The authorities of the Soviet republics were responsible for the
transportation of people, while the costs of transportation were to
be
divided between the Soviet Union and Poland. The agreements also stated
that
for Polish citizens dislocated from the Kresy, the indemnity for
property
left in the East, called zabuz?an?skie (located beyond the Bug
River)
property, would be paid by the Polish State Treasury .
Thus the communist government of Poland relieved the authorities of
the
Soviet Union from the duty to pay any indemnity to Polish citizens. This
was
confirmed in protocols supplementing the agreements of 1944, signed in
1947
on behalf of the government of the Republic of Poland. According to
the
contents of the agreements, this was not supposed to be indemnity as
such,
but an equivalent payment for property left in the East. This is
important,
since the word "equivalent" as interpreted by dislocated
populations meant
the exact equivalent of real estate left behind the eastern border
of
postwar Poland.
The resettlement action from the East took much longer than had been
stated
in the agreements, and involved 1.7 million Polish citizens. These
people
were mainly resettled in the western territories of Poland according to
its
postwar borders. As the "equivalent" that the Polish-Soviet
agreements had
promised, the people dislocated from the East received former
German
households in western Poland and urban real estate belonging to the
State
Treasury.
Theoretically, the households and real estate distributed among the
newcomers was supposed to be comparable in size to the properties
left
behind the eastern border. In practice, however, this was difficult or
even
impossible to implement, especially since the agriculture policy of
the
communist government stood in the way. The government tried various ways
to
establish collective farming in the Polish countryside instead of
private
farming. The distribution of big farms among individual farmers
thus
contradicted the agriculture policy of the communist
authorities.
Similar constraints awaited resettled city dwellers, who received urban
real
estate, but only smaller than 220 sq m, a step down for all those who
had
left large farms and more valuable real estate beyond the Bug
River.
The distribution of equivalent property and compensation was coupled with
a
whole range of executive regulations, hindering the State
Treasury's
fulfillment of its liabilities to displaced individuals. It's enough to
say
that indemnity procedures did not concern the simple allocation of
specified
sums, real estate or land, but incorporated the value of the
zabuz?an?skie
property, as estimated in the insurance valuation, into the fee for
purchasing buildings and land from the State Treasury, as specified by
the
authorities.
In practice, displaced citizens became State Treasury suppliants, and
it
depended on the decision of bureaucrats whether the value of the
zabuz?an?skie property was included in the fee for real estate given
as
compensation for property lost behind the eastern border. Due to
bureaucratic obstacles, unclear interpretations of executive acts and
the
difficulties in obtaining confirmation from Soviet authorities
concerning
lost property, the question of indemnities for zabuz?an?skie property
was
never finalized by the authorities of communist Poland. Even now, a
large
group of citizens has not received any compensation.
The changes brought about in Poland by the events of 1989 revived hopes
of
solving the lingering problem among displaced people and their
descendants.
According to estimates by both the government and organizations
associating
zabuz?an?skie creditors of the Polish State Treasury, there are still
around
90,000 petitions for equivalents of property left in the East waiting to
be
analyzed and processed.
"This is more or less the number of petitioners who have not yet
been given
the chance to satisfy their claims," said Andrzej Korzeniowski,
president of
the Polish Society of the Kresy Residents-State Treasury
Creditors.
The State Treasury creditors had hoped that the reprivatization law
would
solve their problems. The law, however, is a dead issue, leaving
the
question of indemnity for property left in the East a matter regulated
by
the previous legislation, which stems from the agreements made in 1944
and
1947.
This state of affairs by no means satisfies those dislocated from the
East.
When vetoing the poorly constructed reprivatization bill, President
Aleksander Kwas?niewski advised residents of the Kresy to seek justice
in
court by bringing an class-action suit against the State Treasury.
Displaced
people and their descendants say they will follow this advice.
"Since the continuity of Polish statehood is valid, and communist
Poland was
an element of the continuity, it is the duty of today's Third Republic
of
Poland to fulfill [communist Poland's] liabilities," said
Korzeniowski.
Krzysztof Renik
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