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November 10, 1853 The Great Western Railway Line (later CN) opens, running 69 kilometers from the Niagara Suspension Bridge to Hamilton ONT. November 10, 1856 The Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago (later PRR) opens between Warsaw and Plymouth, IN. Also the Cincinnati, Peru & Chicago Railroad (later NKP) opens between Plymouth and La Porte, IN forming a connection with the Michigan Southern & Northern Indiana Railroad (later LS&MS, NYC) to Chicago. November 10, 1875 The Pennsylvania Railroad creates a chemical laboratory in its Altoona Shops complex. The director of the lab, Dr. Charles Benjamin Dudley, will develop the PRR system of standard specifications for materials. November 10, 1876 The Centennial Exhibition ends. The Pennsylvania Railroad since May 10 has handled 22,372 trains carrying 2,612,213 passengers at Centennial and West Philadelphia stations. 295,005 pieces of baggage have been handled inbound and 295,532 outbound with the loss of just 26 pieces. November 10, 1879 The Wabash and the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern merge, forming the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway. November 10, 1891 Granville T. Woods patents an electric railway. November 10, 1902 The New York National Land Association agrees with the Grand Rapids & Indiana and the Michigan Central Railroads to develop the unsettled part of Michigan's lower peninsula north of Reed City. November 10, 1905 The Grand Trunk Milwaukee Ferry Company is incorporated in Wisconsin to operate a car ferry between Grand Haven MI and Milwaukee. November 10, 1908 The Pennsylvania Railroad operates a "Farmer's Special" in Eastern Pennsylvania. This will be the first of the PRR's farm education trains operated in conjunction with state agricultural schools. November 10, 1909 A monorail built by Louis Brennan is presented to the press at Gillingham, England as a military vehicle due to the high speed at which track can be laid. Even with passengers all on one side of the vehicle, two onboard gyroscopes are strong enough to keep the car level. Despite a series of successful demonstrations (including one in Brooklyn) the fear that the gyroscopes might fail will prevent Brennan's invention from ever being used for transportation. November 10, 1910 The Ann Arbor railroad sells excursion tickets to the Michigan-Minnesota football game, which will decide the Western Championship. November 10, 1931 Golden Spike ceremony for the joint Western Pacific/Great Northern line through Bieber CA. The most notable feature of this line is the Western Pacific's wye at Keddie CA. November 10, 1979 A 106-car Canadian Pacific freight trains derails in Mississauga, Ontario. The train is carrying explosive and poisonous chemicals. The derailment results in the largest peacetime Canadian evacuation. November 10, 2007 New Orleans' St. Charles trolley line reopens for the first time since Hurricane Katrina. November 10, 2018 The Alton “Telegraph” reports that Union Pacific has closed Mitchell Interlocking Tower, located 6 miles north west of Granite City IL. Mark Tomlonson

November 11, 1841 The Western Railroad (later B&A) leases the Albany & West Stockbridge for 50 years. November 11, 1861 Sleeping cars begin operating over the "Shore Line" between New York and Boston. November 11, 1874 The last rail of the Illinois Midland Railway is laid near Waynesville, IL. November 11, 1885 Melbourne Australia begins cable car service. November 11, 1918 The Armistice ending World War I is signed in Wagon-Lits car No. 2419. November 11, 1926 The United States numbered highway system for federal highways is established, fulfilling the enabling legislation passed 5 years earlier. November 11, 1927 The Pere Marquette station at Elmdale MI burns to the ground. November 11, 1928 The Reading Railroad announces plans to electrify its Philadelphia suburban lines. November 11, 1934 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy's "Pioneer Zephyr" enters regular service between Lincoln, Omaha, St. Joseph and Kansas City. November 11, 1935 The Pekin Municipal Railway calls it quits, ending streetcar service in Pekin IL. November 11, 2001 Amtrak ends major overhauls on F40PH's, effectively ending their Amtrak careers. Mark Tomlonson

November 12, 1831 The first public trials of the "John Bull" locomotive are held on the Camden & Amboy Railroad at Bordentown, N.J. for visiting dignitaries. The "John Bull" pulls two passenger coaches. Their design is based on a stagecoach body with three compartments. Top speed on the trip: 35-40 MPH. November 12, 1851 The Board of the Pennsylvania Railroad approves a contract with Adams Express Company. In time, Adams will become almost synonymous with the PRR. November 12, 1866 Union Passenger Depot opens at Cleveland. (Note: do not confuse this station with the later Cleveland Union Terminal.) November 12, 1873 Michigan Governor Bagley and Railroad Commissioners begin an inspection tour of the Grand Rapids & Indiana to Petoskey. November 12, 1880 The narrow-gauge Toledo, Delphos & Burlington Railroad runs its first passenger train between Toledo and Marion IN. November 12, 1891 The Valley City Street & Cable Railway ends service in Grand Rapids MI after three years of operation. At its height, the cable cars ran from Taylor and Sweet Streets at the north and Lafayette and Hall Streets to the south. November 12, 1897 inventor Frank Julian Sprague first demonstrates Multiple-Unit or "MU" control on the Chicago Elevated. November 12, 1902 The Pullman Company orders that Pennsylvania Railroad cars in the "Yellow Kid" paint scheme (running on the Pennsylvania Limited and the Congressional Limited) will be painted Tuscan Red the next time they are shopped. November 12, 1907 Formal dedication and opening ceremonies are held for the electrification of Grand Trunk's St. Clair Tunnel. The first tests were made the previous February, and full electric operation will begin in May. November 12, 1910 A Michigan Central express train hits a Kalamazoo City streetcar, killing 9. The flagman at the crossing had his view blocked by a standing cut of boxcars. This and other accidents will lead to the crossing being replaced with a viaduct in 1937. November 12, 1913 Concerned about the role sleep deprivation has played in recent accidents, the Pennsylvania Railroad announces it is considering requiring all employees to live within one hour of their workplace. November 12, 1925 The New York Public Service Commission approves a plan for electrifying the New York Central West Side Freight Line in Manhattan. November 12, 1926 The Grand Rapids, Holland & Lake Michigan Railway (MI interurban) is sold to the Iosco Land Company, ending rail operations. November 12, 1927 The Cincinnati Union Terminal Company is incorporated to build a new Union Terminal. November 12, 1931 The Smithsonian Institution commemorates the 100th birthday of the ''John Bull'' by operating its mechanism with compressed air. November 12, 1936 The Board of Directors of the Pennsylvania Railroad orders the sale of all stock holdings in Transcontinental & Western Air, Inc., and Transcontinental Air Transport, Inc., severing all ties with the airline business. PRR had founded the airlines as part of its air-rail service. In 1939-40, Howard Hughes will acquire control of T&WA. November 12, 1939 New York Central's "The Mercury" begins service between Chicago and Detroit. November 12, 1957 The Pennsylvania Railroad runs its last passenger train pulled by a steam locomotive, from Camden to Pemberton NJ. November 12, 2003 The Shanghai Transrapid, a Maglev system, sets a world record for fastest unmodified commercial rail transportation with a speed of 501 k/ph (311 mph). Mark Tomlonson

November 13, 1851 The first trunk line in Russia begins operations between St. Petersburg and Moscow. When asked what route the railroad should take, the Czar sent for a ruler and drew a line. Fortunately the countryside along the ruler line is relatively flat and the Czar's survey could be followed. November 13, 1874 The New York Central & Hudson River Railroad completes a 4-track system between Albany and Buffalo. The line is operated as two double track railroads side by side, one on south side for passenger and one on north for freight. The project includes a freight bypass line around Syracuse. November 13, 1875 Horsecar service begins in Zanesville OH. November 13, 1882 The Cincinnati, Wabash & Michigan Railway (later Big 4, NYC) completes its line from Niles to Benton Harbor MI. November 13, 1887 Union Pacific inaugurates the "Overland Limited". November 13, 1937 Anderson IN streetcars end service. November 13, 1985 The Chicago & North Western begins running unit coal trains without cabooses. November 13, 2009 China announces that some domestic airline service will be cut as they cannot compete with China's growing high-speed network on routes less than 620 miles. November 13, 2017 General Electric announces it is planning to leave the transportation business, ending production in Erie PA. November 13, 2018 MTA announces it is planning to buy Grand Central Terminal from a private holding company, as well as the Harlem and Hudson lines. November 13, 2019 A burst 48” water main damages tracks and signaling equipment halting railway service in Surbiton, in suburban London. When workers attempt to repair the water main, they are chased away by a pig named “Pickle”, who is kept in the same field as the shut-off valve. “Pickle” is eventually lured away with a bag of crisps (potato chips), the valve is repaired, and the trains restored. November 14, 1832 First train on the New York & Haarlem Railroad. November 14, 1872 The War Department issues General Orders No. 98 setting rates for Government fares on the 67 land-grand railroads. The amount of discount required ranges from zero to fifty per cent. By this fare-reduction program, the railroads will pay back the costs of their grants many times over. November 14, 1889 The Battle Creek & Sturgis Railroad (later MC, NYC) is incorporated. Also on this day, the Battle Creek & Bay City, an extension of the BC&S receives its charter. November 14, 1889 Inspired by Jules Verne, New York World reporter Nellie Bly (Elizabeth Cochrane) sets out to travel around the world in less than 80 days. She will succeed, making the trip in 72 days. Later, the fastest Pennsylvania Railroad passenger train in New Jersey will be named "Nellie Bly" in her honor. November 14, 1890 The Denver & Rio Grande completes its standard gauge line between Denver and Ogden. November 14, 1926 The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe "Chief" begins daily Chicago to Los Angeles service. November 14, 1930 The Boston & Maine dedicates a new North Station. November 14, 1932 The Nelsonville & Athens Electric Railway (OH) quits due to the effects of the Depression and the decline of its local coal industry. November 14, 1989 The Canadian Pacific ends the regular use of cabooses. November 14, 1994 The first Eurostar "Chunnel" train runs between England and France. November 14, 2001 The movie "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" opens in the United States. Featured as "The Hogwart's Express": a 1937 4-6-0 "Hall" class steam engine number 5972, originally belonging to the Great Western Railway and named "Olton Hall". November 15, 1838 The Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore (later PRR) places a "Ladies' Maid" on its afternoon train. November 15, 1851 The first train on the southern shore of Lake Erie runs during opening ceremonies of the Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula Rail Road. (later CTRR. LSRR, LS&MS, NYC, PC, CR, NS) November 15, 1854 An excursion from Crestline, OH celebrates the formal opening of the Ohio & Indiana (later PRR) to Fort Wayne, IN. The road is only half ballasted, and the company has exhausted funds i

November 16, 1822 Hetton Colliery Railway, a private coal road, opens between Hetton Colliery and Sunderland, Durhamshire. It consists of a series of inclined planes and levels crossing a divide. Many Americans will visit the operation. It will serve as a model for the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company's first railroad and the Allegheny Portage Railroad. November 16, 1869 Collis P. Huntington, the financial leader of the "Big Four" who were behind the Central Pacific and Southern Pacific Railroads, agrees to complete the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad to the Ohio River. November 16, 1893 The Portsmouth Street Railway & Light Company opens between Portsmouth and Sciotoville OH. November 16, 1898 The Vermont Central Railroad is purchased by the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada and renamed the Vermont Central Railway. November 16, 1920 The Indiana Public Service Commission authorizes the Pennsylvania Railroad to drop its commuter "dinky" between Jeffersonville and New Albany in return for the Louisville & Southern Indiana Traction Company providing baggage service between those two points. November 16, 1925 After trying and failing to charter an airplane, Texas oil tycoon Guy L. Waggoner charters a Pennsylvania Railroad train to take him from St. Louis to New York to be at the bedside of his critically ill sister The train sets a record time of 20 hours, 26 minutes and cost $7,000. ($101,000 in 2020 dollars) November 16, 1947 The original "Twin Zephyr" equipment is given a new EMD E5A for motive power and assigned to Chicago-Lincoln service as the "Nebraska Zephyr". November 16, 1953 Electric operations end at Cleveland Union Terminal. The new diesels save the New York Central $400,000 ($3.9 million in 2020 dollars) per year in operating costs. November 16, 1957 New York Central Extra 4000 East (nee Train 90) out of Chicago derails at White Pigeon MI. The train has been diverted off the Toledo Division onto the "Old Road" at Elkhart due to an earlier derailment east of Elkhart. The engineer, who has not checked for slow orders nor run on the line for three years, runs though a 15 mph slow-order turnout at 55 mph. One Railway Mail Clerk is killed, 23 Railway Mail clerks, 8 passengers and one train service employee are injured. November 16, 1960 Two trains collide head-on in Steblova in Czecheslovakia. One hundred eighteen are killed and 110 are injured. November 16, 1968 Penn Central drops local weekend passenger service between Detroit and Ann Arbor. November 16, 1979 The Bucharest Metro opens. November 16, 1990 The "Badger" makes her last run as a railroad carferry due to an incident in Kewaunee when she was alleged to have touched bottom. November 16, 2009 Service begins on Minnesota's "Northstar" commuter trains between Big Lake and Minneapolis, a distance of 40 miles. Also today: Los Angeles opens a six-mile extension along the Gold line into East Los Angeles. November 16, 2015 Norfolk Southern ends “Triple Crown” service to Harrisburg PA. This leaves the Detroit to Kansas City route as the sole “Triple Crown” rail service. November 16, 2018 Because smoke from the “Camp” forest fire in northern Californian has made San Francisco air hazardous, the San Francisco Muni eliminates fares on all routes. Also, since the cable cars are open-air, they are temporarily taken out of service. Mark Tomlonson

November 17, 1855 The first section of the Grand Trunk Railway opens, 125.4 miles between Montreal (Point St. Charles) and Brockville. November 17, 1856 The Grand Trunk Railroad is completed between Guelph and Stratford ON. November 17, 1856 The City of Chicago passes an ordinance allowing the Pittsburgh, Ft. Wayne & Chicago (later PRR) to lay tracks into the city. November 17, 1858 John Work Garrett is elected President of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. His election and service over the next 25 years will remove the B&O from direct involvement with politics, a model which will become the norm for railroads. November 17, 1877 The narrow gauge Ligonier Valley Railroad is completed between a Pennsylvania Railroad connection at Latrobe and Ligonier PA. The line is used at first to haul coal, later it will serve as a near-private railroad to take members of the Mellon family to their summer homes. The Mellons have controlling interest. November 17, 1889 Union Pacific begins daily through passenger service from Chicago to Portland and San Francisco. November 17, 1898 The Escanaba & Lake Superior Railway is chartered. November 17, 1907 Pennsylvania Railroad trains begin using the new Washington DC Union station, and the former station at 6th Street, site of the assassination of President Garfield, is closed. November 17, 1934 The Pennsylvania Railroad places an order for 57 GG1 electric locomotives. Fourteen will come from Baldwin/GE and the rest from PRR's Juniata Shops. November 17, 1934 Streetcar service provided by the Aurora, Elgin & Fox River ends in Aurora IL. November 17, 1937 Streetcar service ends in Green Bay WI. November 17, 1941 Denver & Rio Grande Western introduces "The Prospector" in overnight service between Denver and Salt Lake City. The two-car, self-propelled train features baggage, coach, open sections, private rooms and a dining area. Built by Budd, the cars are dismal failures and will be quickly dropped in favor of conventional equipment. The lessons learned however, will be applied to Budd's successful RDC. November 17, 1954 The New York Central begins its "Early Bird" fast freight service. November 17, 1961 After 127 years of service, Erie’s Pavonia Terminal in Jersey City closes. Mark Tomlonson

November 18, 1838 The Northern Cross Railroad, the first railroad in Illinois, opens between Meredosia on the Illinois River and Morgan City. It will become the oldest part of the Wabash system. November 18, 1863 President Lincoln and his Cabinet leave Washington on a four-car special train to Gettysburg, PA to dedicate the national cemetery. November 18, 1883 The railroads in the United States and Canada agree to a system of standard time, replacing the confusing and unsafe practice of each locality setting its own "sun" time. The system will take effect the following spring. However, it will not be until 1918 that Standard, or "Railroad" time is made the official U.S. system. November 18, 1889 The Oahu Railway begins service. November 18, 1901 First day of operations, Louisville, Anchorage & Pewee Valley Electric Railroad (KY). November 18, 1921 The Osage Railroad (OK) is incorporated. November 18, 1946 The Pennsylvania Railroad announces it has developed a "Carryphone" walkie-talkie that works with its inductive train phone system. The "Carryphones" have been developed by PRR and Union Switch & Signal Company. They debut between Harrisburg and Pittsburgh and on Bel-Del Branch. The portable units weigh roughly 25 pounds. November 18, 1981 Conrail (ex-NYC) and Grand Trunk Western operations through downtown Battle Creek MI are consolidated onto the GTW tracks. Mark Tomlonson

November 19, 1837 The first railroad opens in Cuba. November 19, 1847 The second rail line in Canada, the 12 km Montreal & Lachine Railway (later M&NY, M&C, GT), opens. November 19, 1850 Irate farmers set fire to the Michigan Central Railroad freight house in Detroit as a protest over what they believe are unfair company policies that hurt farmers. The blaze, part of a larger campaign of violence and sabotage pitting the planters and cattlemen against the encroaching railroads, destroys $100,000 worth of flour, corn and wheat stores in the depot. November 19, 1867 The Denver Pacific Railroad is incorporated. It will be the first company to lay track in the state of Colorado. November 19, 1872 The five major railroads entering Indianapolis agree to a plan for a Union Station. November 19, 1877 An Allegheny County (PA) Grand Jury makes a report on last summer's labor riot to the Court of Quarter Sessions. The report blames military incompetence and Pennsylvania Railroad officials who ignored advice of local police on the scene and ordered that the tracks be cleared. November 19, 1887 The Montana Central Railroad (later GN) completes its Great Falls to Helena line. November 19, 1906 Passenger service begins on the Canadian Northern between Toronto and Parry Sound. This is the first 140 miles of Canadian National's eventual main line to western Canada. November 19, 1909 Residents of Smyrna DE protest the Pennsylvania's use of a gasoline railcar (or "Peanut Roaster") and the elimination of a stop in Clayton for the afternoon "Norfolk Express". The changes have led to overcrowding on the railcar, forcing some residents to walk to Clayton. But what outrages white residents the most is the small (26-seat) car forcing racial mixing. November 19, 1911 The New York Central extends its New York City area electrification to Tarrytown NY. November 19, 1937 The Cincinnati & Lake Erie (Interurban) abandons its line from Lima to Toledo OH. It also sends its high-speed parlor cars to storage in Moraine City (they will eventually be sold to the Lehigh Valley Transit and CRANDIC). The Lima City Street Railway, also owned by the C&LE, is not affected. November 19, 1939 EMD completes construction of its "FT" demonstrator set. November 19, 1956 The last passenger train runs on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern "Old Road" from Elkhart IN through Coldwater, Hillsdale and Adrian MI to Toledo OH. November 19, 1990 The Grand Trunk car ferry "City of Milwaukee" makes its last trip. She has been preserved at Manistee MI. November 19, 1995 The railway portion of CN North America is renamed Canadian National Railway and becomes a publicly traded company. (Some sources say November 17) November 19, 2008 Amtrak begins using the new Gateway Center in St. Louis, ending 30 years of "Temporary" facilities. Formal opening ceremonies will be held November 21. Mark Tomlonson

November 20, 1852 The Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula (later LS&MS) is opened, from Cleveland to Erie PA. November 20, 1855 The first railroad in Iowa, the Mississippi & Missouri Railroad (later CRI&P) runs from Davenport to Muscatine. November 20, 1875 The first railroad Y.M.C.A. opens in Grand Central Station. Railroad Y.M.C.A.’s will provide clean, inexpensive, and safe housing for crews away from home. November 20, 1879 The Denver, South Park & Pacific signs a contract with Pullman to provide sleeping car service on its 3-foot gauge line between Denver and Leadville. November 20, 1885 South Bend IN inaugurates regularly scheduled electric streetcar service, the first in the U.S. November 20, 1887 The Milwaukee & Northern Railroad (later Milwaukee Road) reaches Champion MI on its way north from Milwaukee. It will reach Ontonagon MI six years later. November 20, 1924 New York Central holds formal dedication ceremonies for its new Selkirk Yard, located south of Albany as well as the Hudson River Connecting Railroad with the new Alfred H. Smith Bridge spanning the Hudson River. November 20, 1931 The cornerstone is laid at Cincinnati Union Terminal. The skeletal frame of the building is already up. November 20, 1945 Babcock & Wilcox complete their testing of a boiler for use in steam turbine locomotives. The biggest problems: controlling fly ash to keep it from damaging turbine blades and the formation of clinker. November 20, 1952 Fairbanks Morse unveils its H-24-66 "Trainmaster". November 20, 1961 Union Pacific 844 makes its first excursion run after retirement from regular service. November 20, 1992 The Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District opens a new South Bend Terminal at the South Bend airport. November 20, 2016 At a busy railroad junction in Pukhrayan, 250 miles southwest of New Delhi, a passenger train derails, killing at least 146. It is India’s worst wreck in several years. November 20, 2018 The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) issues standards for high-speed passenger trains operating on U.S. railroads. Tier I standards allow for operations up to 125 mph, Tier II 125-160 and Tier III, 160-220 mph. Tier III requires (among other things) a right-of-way not shared with freight traffic and no grade crossings. November 21, 1845 Jamaica Railways begin operations. November 21, 1853 Erie, PA Mayor Alfred King issues a proclamation calling on citizens to uphold the ordinance passed four days earlier against a gauge change. Erie fears that if all its railroads are the same gauge, their town will suffer due to the lost transfer jobs. November 21, 1854 The Hudson & Berkshire Railroad (NY) is sold at foreclosure to the Hudson & Boston Railroad (later B&A) November 21, 1859 First Detroit-Fort Gratiot (Port Huron) train on the Chicago, Detroit & Canada Grand Trunk Junction Railroad (later GT, GTW). Thomas Edison will later work on this line as a candy butcher. November 21, 1866 The Baltimore & Ohio leases the Central Ohio Railroad, extending its influence to Columbus. November 21, 1872 The New Haven Railroad begins using Grand Central Station and ends use of its old depot at 4th Avenue & 27th Street. Those buildings are later converted into the first Madison Square Garden. November 21, 1875 The Grand Rapids & Indiana discontinues stations at Reynolds, Rust, Crapo, Mitchells and Mill Creek (MI) for lack of business. November 21, 1903 Twenty-eight Penn Station construction workers, mostly Italians, are killed when their shanty is ignited by the stoves inside. The workers are killed when they return to the burning shanty to retrieve their savings, which they are sending back to Italy to their families. November 21, 1921 Great Northern begins using the St. Paul Terminal Station. November 21, 1950 A westbound troop train and Canadian National’s “Continental Limited” crash head-on near Valemount BC. Twenty-one passengers are killed, 17 of them troops on their way to Korea. November 21, 1959 Mrs. John Luther "Casey" Jones passes away at the age of 92. November 21, 1980 The Burlington Northern absorbs the Frisco.

November 23, 1832 Baldwin Locomotive Works' first full-size locomotive, "Old Ironsides" is delivered to the Camden & Amboy Rail Road. November 23, 1840 The Southern Railroad of Michigan reaches Adrian. November 23, 1845 The Central Railroad of Michigan reaches Battle Creek. November 23, 1857 The Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad files a map of its route from Grand Rapids to Little Traverse Bay with the State of Michigan. November 23, 1867 First train into Bay City MI. November 23, 1868 First train into Allegan MI on the Kalamazoo, Allegan & Grand Rapids Railroad (later LS&MS, NYC, PC). November 23, 1874 The Baltimore & Ohio begins through service to Chicago, with trains terminating at the lakeshore Illinois Central station. November 23, 1882 Horsecar service begins in Muskegon MI, operating on a 42” gauge. November 23, 1897 Andrew J. Bears patents the "Jenny" automatic railroad coupler. The present day AAR automatic coupler is a direct descendant. The two will work together, but not safely. November 23, 1926 Greyhound Lines, Inc. are incorporated in Indiana to operate bus routes parallel to the Pennsylvania Railroad. The routes form feeders to the railroad's stations. November 23, 1937 Raymond Lowey sends a memo to the Pennsylvania Railroad Chief of Motive Power that he is designing a new exterior color scheme for PRR passenger equipment. The two-tone red scheme will be known as "The Fleet of Modernism". November 23, 1938 The Baltimore & Ohio adds some lightweight equipment to its "Capitol Limited" along with streamlined heavyweight equipment. It also removes steam locomotives from its "Royal Blue". November 23, 1968 The Denver & Rio Grande Western makes its last passenger trip between Durango and Alamosa, a railfan special. Part of the line will later become the Cumbres & Toltec Scenic Railway. November 23, 1990 The last rail is removed from Newfoundland Island. Revenue service had quit about two years earlier. November 23, 2003 The PATH station at the World Trade Center Site re-opens in temporary quarters. November 23, 2007 Charlotte, NC's "Lynx" 9.5 mile light-rail line opens with a free-ride demonstration. So many riders take advantage of the promotion that some have to be taken by bus back to their starting point. Regular service will begin on November 26. Mark Tomlonson

November 24, 1862 The first locomotives built for the U.S. Military Railroad are delivered. November 24, 1892 First railroad in the Philippines. November 24, 1902 The Cleveland Short Line Railway, a bypass around the south side of Cleveland OH, is incorporated. The Lake Shore & Michigan Southern is the major stockholder. November 24, 1912 The Pennsylvania Railroad's premier Chicago to New York train is christened the "Broadway Limited". The name comes from a concurrent PRR advertising campaign "One Step from Broadway" promoting the new Pennsylvania Station in New York City. After the train is reinstated following the USRA demise, advertising will connect the name with the PRR's "Broad Way" 6-track main line. November 24, 1912 The running time of the 20th Century Limited increases to 20 hours. November 24, 1925 Pontiac IL streetcars make their final run. November 24, 1929 The Pere Marquette carferry "City of Saginaw 31" is placed into Lake Michigan service. November 24, 1936 The Rexall Drug train, a promotional train pulled by a redecorated New York Central “Mohawk”, ends its tour in Atlanta. November 24, 1967 The Iowa Terminal Railroad [IA Interurban] carbarn at Mason City burns, destroying much equipment. Most of the loss will be made up by equipment form the line’s abandoned Charles City Division. November 24, 1995 The last Canadian National transcontinental train runs through Algonquin Park. Mark Tomlonson

November 25, 1882 Horse car service begins in Muskegon MI. November 25, 1889 The Toledo, Ann Arbor & North Michigan Railroad (later the Ann Arbor) begins service between Toledo and Frankfort. November 25, 1889 The Frankfort & Southeastern Railway (later AA) reaches Copemish MI. November 25, 1873 An isolated section of the Mansfield, Coldwater & Lake Michigan Railroad between Allegan and Monteith, MI opens, operated by the Grand Rapids & Indiana without a formal agreement. Track has been laid for eight miles east of Monteith. It will not be opened and subsequently it will be removed. Work on the balance of line between Monteith and Tiffin is halted by The Panic of 1873. November 25, 1901 The Traverse City, Leelanau & Manistique Railroad (later LTC, M&NE, PM, C&O) is incorporated in Michigan to build from Traverse City to Northport. November 25, 1905 The Boyne City & Southeastern becomes the Boyne City, Gaylord & Alpena. November 25, 1939 EMD's FT 103 demonstrator, "The Diesel That Did It" according to David P. Morgan, begins an 83,764 mile barnstorming tour. November 25, 1949 Richmond VA, home to the first successful trolley operation, ends trolley service. November 25, 1955 Segregation by race on interstate trains and buses is prohibited, although in many areas the prohibition will be ignored. November 25, 1963 All rail and transit services in the United States are halted for one minute to commemorate the National Day of Mourning for the assassinated President John F. Kennedy. November 25, 2019 The miniature train ride at the Sanford FL zoo derails, injuring one person. The ride, patterned after the Florida East Coast “Champion”, was the first to emulate a streamline train when it was built in 1951. Mark Tomlonson

November 26, 1832 In New York City public service begins on the nation's first streetcar, a thirty-passenger horse-drawn car named the "John Mason", with iron wheels pulled over iron rails. The fare is 12 cents. (Some sources place this event on November 14, 1832.) November 26, 1851 Schenectady Locomotive Works delivers its first locomotive, to the Canandaigua & Corning Railroad (later C&E, EC&N, NC, PRR) company. The locomotive is named the "Great Western". November 26, 1867 Michigan Central's Master carbuilder, J.B. Sutherland, in Detroit, patents a refrigerator car. November 26, 1897 The Chester & Becket Railroad is completed between its two namesake Massachusetts towns (5.34 miles). The Boston & Albany immediately takes over operation of the line. November 26, 1910 The carferry "Ann Arbor No.5" is launched. She's the largest carferry on the Great Lakes at the time of her launch. She's also the first on the Lakes to use a seagate to keep out the high waves. November 26, 1938 Today’s issue of “Railway Age” contains an item regarding a contract awarded to build a bridge on the Pere Marquette line where it crosses 28th Street in Grand Rapids. November 26, 1947 Streetcar service in Niagara Falls ONT ends. November 26, 2010 China announces that a new 538-mile rail line between China's Jilin Province and the Russian city of Vladivostok has opened. The line is expected to be a conduit for passenger and freight traveling between the two countries. November 26, 2016 The San Francisco Muni Transit System has its automated ticketing system hacked, forcing Muni to let all passengers ride for free. The problem is resolved the next day. Mark Tomlonson

November 27, 1873 The Hoosac Tunnel on the Boston & Maine, the oldest railroad tunnel in the United States, is holed through. November 27, 1877 A Pittsburgh-Chicago RPO is established on the Pennsylvania Railroad, making a complete PRR RPO route between New York and Chicago. November 27, 1890 Streetcar service begins in Sandusky OH. November 27, 1891 Horsecars call it quits in Janesville WI. November 27, 1892 The first "Limited" train serving southern California makes its debut: Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe's "California Limited". November 27, 1895 Wisconsin Power & Light begins streetcar operations in Sheboygan WI. November 27, 1901 A head-on collision on the Wabash near Seneca MI kills 23 people. November 27, 1904 A new Pennsylvania Railroad timetable has 522 trains in and out of Philadelphia's Broad Street Station each day. November 27, 1904 The Pennsylvania Railroad replaces its Chicago-Valparaiso local with one running between Chicago and Plymouth IN. November 27, 1906 The Pennsylvania Railroad completes the first all-steel 60-foot baggage car at its Altoona Shops. November 27, 1910 The Pennsylvania Railroad begins using New York City's Pennsylvania Station. November 27, 1910 The “20th Century Limited” receives new all-steel cars. November 27, 1916 The Pennsylvania Railroad completes its first I1s 2-10-0 heavy freight locomotive at Altoona. November 27, 1940 Nearly all services on the Niagara, St. Catharines & Toronto Railway (interurban) are suspended, save for one round trip for the convenience of commuters. November 27, 1947 The Pennsylvania Railroad introduces its "Merchandise Service", a group of boxcars equipped with racks for on-line service. November 27, 1964 The Pennsylvania Railroad drops all commuter service in and out of Pittsburgh PA. November 27, 1966 Last run of Erie-Lackawanna's premier passenger train, the "Phoebe Snow". November 28, 1909 Game Wardens in Floodwood, MI are surprised to discover their dogs “keying in” on a coffin waiting on the platform of the passenger station on the Milwaukee & Northern Railroad (later MILW). They open it and find the coffin is not filled with the remains of a hunter killed in an accident, but illegally taken game birds. November 28, 1917 The Pennsylvania Company agrees to transfer all of its railroad holdings to the Pennsylvania Railroad. November 28, 1920 Passenger service between Butler and Columbia City IN is cut from two to one round trip daily. November 28, 1928 Canadian National diesel-electric #9000 makes its initial test runs on the railroad. November 28, 1942 Pennsylvania Railroad's Altoona Shops coverts an X32 boxcar into a P30A troop sleeper for the first time. After the war, many veterans will refuse to ride trains due to their experiences in the cars. November 28, 1992 Three Englishmen begin their effort to set a record for the most miles traveled by rail in a single week. They succeed, covering 13,105 miles. November 28, 1995 Canadian National Railway is privatized, no longer a Crown Corporation. November 28, 2006 Nigeria holds a groundbreaking ceremony for a new Lagos-Kano railway. This joint venture with China is expected to be the first step in the modernization of the Nigerian Railway system. November 29, 1847 Michigan's first telegraph line is completed along the Michigan Central Railroad tracks between Detroit and Ypsilanti. The first messages sent are long and range from the price of wheat and putty to news of the Mexican War. Eventually the line will extend to Chicago and be used by the Michigan Central to dispatch trains. November 29, 1849 The Michigan Central schedules a second train on its Detroit-New Buffalo line, with a meet in Galesburgh. (That town no longer uses the final "h".) November 29, 1852 The Pennsylvania Railroad opens between Beattys and Radebaugh forming a complete rail line between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. The route uses the Portage Railroad (including the remaining seven inclined planes) over the Allegheny Mountains. November 29, 1871 The Jackson (MI) Citizen reports that the Central Car & Manufacturing Company of that c

November 27, 1955 Philadelphia trolley route 60 (Allegheny Avenue) was relocated from Allegheny Depot to Luzerne. November 28, 1936 Philadelphia's last straight Nearside cars were last used on routes 8, 29, 39, and 64. They were replaced by CEOM cars. November 29, 1954 Washington PCC car 1542 was burned on route 20 (Cabin John) and later scrapped. Dennis M Linsky

November 30, 1832 For the first time, the Post Office authorizes the carrying of mail via rail road. November 30, 1850 The Madison & Indianapolis Railroad (IN - later JM&I, PCC&St.L, PRR) ships 1,365 hogs from Franklin and Edinburg to Madison in a single train of 28 double-deck cars pulled by the locomotive "Governor Whitcomb". November 30, 1850 The Northern Indiana & Chicago Railroad (later LS&MS, NYC, PC, CR, NS) is chartered. November 30, 1871 The Toronto, Simcoe & Muskoka Junction Railway opens from Barrie to Orillia. CNR will abandon the line in September 1996. November 30, 1872 The first through train runs over Chicago & North Western tracks via Menominee WI and Escanaba MI to the national network. November 30, 1877 The Pennsylvania Company contracts to use Janney automatic couplers for $10 per passenger car. November 30, 1890 The Peru & Detroit Railway is completed between Peru and Chili IN. It is immediately leased to the Wabash Railroad for 99 years. Later it will be purchased by the Winona & Warsaw Railway for their Peru extension. November 30, 1896 A tramline is opened between the English seaside towns of Brighton and Rottingdean. Two sets of two rails are laid to a gauge of 2' 8.5" and the two sets are then spaced 18' apart. The vehicles used on this tramway look like normal English trams, except wider, and they ride on four legs, each leg 24 feet high to allow for the tides of more than 15 feet. The vehicles are powered by overhead wire and will run until 1901. These trams will be used as inspiration for the CGI-rendered diving platforms in the 2005 movie "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire" [homepages.cwi.nl/~dik/english/public_transport/odds_and_ends/odd.html] November 30, 1901 President Roosevelt and other dignitaries travel in a special 3-car train to the Army-Navy game at Philadelphia. November 30, 1912 All-wood Pullman cars are banned by the Pennsylvania Railroad on mainline trains. November 30, 1917 The "Broadway Limited" is withdrawn for the duration of the war. New York Central will continue running the "20th Century Limited" as it does not have the freight congestion of the PRR. November 30, 1928 Interurban service ends between Jackson and Battle Creek MI. November 30, 1928 The Central Indiana Railway is abandoned between Muncie and Anderson, Lodoga, Waveland, Sand Creek and Brazil. November 30, 1950 Baldwin Locomotive Works and the Lima Locomotive Works merge to become Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation. November 30, 1965 United Aircraft Corporation unveils its plans for a 160 mph train powered by aircraft engines. The train is a direct descendant of the New York Central’s "Train X". November 30, 1985 Pere Marquette 2-8-4 1225 moves under steam for the first time in 34 years. Mark Tomlonson

November 30, 1955 Brooklyn's B-68 (Coney Island Avenue) trolley route, the only remaining portion of the world's first PCC route, was converted to bus operation with surplus equipment. Dennis M Linsky

December 1, 1845 The New York & Harlem (later NYC) reaches White Plains NY. December 1, 1852 The Auburn & Eel River Valley Railroad (later PRR) is incorporated in Indiana to run from the Auburn & Eel River Valley Railroad in DeKalb County to Logansport. December 1, 1852 The Pennsylvania Railroad first offers all-rail passenger and mail service across the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. December 1, 1867 The Bay City & East Saginaw (later F&PM, PM, C&O) begins operations between its two namesake Michigan towns. December 1, 1867 The Boston & Albany merges with the Boston & Worcester and Western railroads. December 1, 1872 The management of the Pittsburgh, Ft. Wayne & Chicago, Grand Rapids & Indiana, Michigan & Lake Shore, and Cincinnati, Richmond & Fort Wayne Railroads (all later PRR) are consolidated with an office at Fort Wayne. December 1, 1873 Due to the Panic of 1873, wages of all employees on Pennsylvania Railroad's Lines West are cut by 10%. December 1, 1874 The Flint & Pere Marquette Railroad completes its Flint to Ludington route via Midland, Clare and Reed City. December 1, 1875 The Atlantic Coast Line begins publishing "Atlantic Coast Line Journal", one of the first advertising/travel magazines. December 1, 1897 The Baltimore & Ohio changes its Chicago end point to Grand Central Station. December 1, 1901 The Chicago Kalamazoo & Saginaw completes its Pavilion Branch running southeast from Kalamazoo. December 1, 1903 "The Great Train Robbery", the first "Western" film, is released. December 1, 1905 Opening of the Marion & Bluffton Traction Company (IN), 32 miles. December 1, 1905 A group of investors meets to organize the Chicago-New York Electric Air Line Railroad. The idea behind the line is to make a railroad as nearly straight and level between the two namesake cites as physically possible. The line was to be made up of companies that would each build a short stretch. A small segment in Indiana will be all that ever opens. December 1, 1905 The Long Island Railroad extends its electrification from Hammel to Far Rockaway on the Rockaway Branch. December 1, 1913 The Buenos Aires Metro, the first underground railway in the Southern Hemisphere, begins operations. December 1, 1917 The Dayton, Springfield & Xenia Southern (OH Interurban) abandons its line between Beavertown [present day Kettering near the intersection of Wilmington Pike and Dorothy Lane] and Spring Valley. December 1, 1925 The Pennsylvania Railroad agrees with Ingersoll-Rand to test one of their oil-electric locomotives. December 1, 1929 Cleveland Union Terminal begins limited operation, serving ten westbound New York Central trains. December 1, 1933 The two remaining streetcar companies in Washington DC are consolidated under the Capitol Traction Company. December 1, 1937 Representatives of the Pennsylvania Railroad, Pullman and RCA meet in Chicago to discuss adding a Radio/Victrola system to the observation cars of the "Broadway Limited". December 1, 1938 In a blinding blizzard, a school bus in Sandy UT crosses the tracks in front of a Denver & Rio Grande Western freight train traveling at 60 mph. The driver stopped before crossing, as required by law, but did not open his doors to better hear the train approaching. The train dragged the bus about one-half mile before it could stop. Twenty-five students died along with the bus driver. The incident leads to the requirement that school buses stop and open their doors before crossing tracks. It remains the worst railroad crossing accident in United States history. December 1, 1939 Atlantic Coast Lines' "Champion" is introduced. December 1, 1942 Wartime gasoline rationing is imposed across the United States. December 1, 1949 Nickel Plate leases the Wheeling & Lake Erie for 99 years. December 1, 1951 The Laramie, North Park & Western is absorbed into the Union Pacific. December 1, 1952 Canadian Pacific Railway ushers in the modern intermodal era with the introduction of Trailer-On-Flat-Car service. Earlier attempts at intermodal date back to the 1830's. December 1, 1958 Boston & Maine continues cutting bac

December 1, 1946 The City of Philadelphia and the State of Pennsylvania signed a law eliminating the PRR's Broad Street Station and the Chinese Wall on Market Street west of City Hall. December 1, 1955 BMT Broadway-Brighton Beach local trains began using the IND Queens Boulevard line to and from Continental Avenue-Forest Hills with the opening of the 60th Street Tunnel connection. Ridership was low at first but then it improved. Dennis M Linsky

December 2, 1855 The Rock Island reaches Iowa City only minutes before a midnight $50,000 bonus deadline. The locomotive is dragged the final 1,000 feet with ropes in minus 30-degree temperatures. December 2, 1856 T.T. Woodruff receives the first patent for a sleeping car. December 2, 1863 The Union Pacific Railroad begins construction. December 2, 1865 The Southern Pacific Railroad is incorporated. December 2, 1872 A U.S. House Committee is formed to investigate profiteering and bribes paid by Credit Mobilier (the construction company for Union Pacific Railroad) to members of Congress. December 2, 1903 A Pennsylvania Railroad freight locomotive explodes in Greenwood DE, killing two crewmembers and setting fire to the town. December 2, 1911 The Santa Fe first-class train "de-Luxe" begins weekly Chicago to Los Angeles service. December 2, 1912 The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the Union Pacific and Southern Pacific railroads are prohibited from merging under United States anti-trust laws. December 2, 1918 The Railroad Yardmasters of America union is formed. December 2, 1928 The last interurban leaves Marshall MI at 12:15 a.m. December 2, 1929 The Warren & Jamestown Street Railway (PA and NY) ends. December 2, 1934 Illinois Central's premier "Panama Limited" is re-instated after a two and a half year suspension due to the Depression. December 2, 1939 A Grand Trunk Western crewman riding on the footboards of a tender is killed as his engine backs across US-12 in Kalamazoo, striking a semi-truck that has failed to stop for the crossing. The collision is caused by the truck trying to beat the train to the crossing. December 2, 1956 The Pennsylvania Railroad sends its last four leased 2-10-4's back to the Santa Fe. December 2, 1958 The Louisville & Nashville opens Boyles Yard, a modern hump facility north of Birmingham Alabama. December 2, 1961 Last passenger train runs on Boston & Maine's Conway Branch. December 2, 1961 President Kennedy rides back to Washington DC from the Army-Navy game on a special Pennsylvania Railroad train in PRR Business Car No. 120. December 2, 1967 Last run of New York Central's "Empire State Express". December 2, 1975 Six South Moluccan extremists seize a train near the Dutch town of Beilen. They will hold 23 passengers hostage until surrendering on December 14. Mark Tomlonson