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Re: boosting the power on 28 MHz #ubitx

 

Kees,? the low current thing comes from early designs with stability issues.? Soon as the bias
was turned up usually more than 10MA the whole mess would take off and oscillate then
burn up and die.? I expect you know that as you sell a nice 20W amp.? ?

However the larger audience may be interested.

I've run IRF510s (and kin) at VHF and high power with no difficulty.? Just have to
feed them right and find a way to suck the heat out.? The latter is a bigger issue
as the thermal resistance of the TO220 case?is terrible for the power they can
handle.? ?Same for the RD16HHF save for the case is the source and allows
for direct contact so every little bit helps.? ?So large heat sinks and lots of
airflow are a good thing.

So taking that into account I've run up to 300ma bias experimentally on IRF510s but
with big heat sinks? Their sweet spot seems lower in the range of 50 to 150ma
depending on design and frequency.??

However bias current is not the only factor in how clean the amp runs.

Allison
Re: SWR

 

So what would be the minimum compute requirement on an existing Nano ? Maybe read 2 analog inputs directly from 2 AD8307s? with only a scaling factor for Stockton Bridge coupler loss. Multiply that by 1dBm per 25mV (linear spec for the AD8307) and you have the Forward and Reflected power in dBm into a 50 ohm load.? Look up the "power" in Watts or tape a small chart on the bottom of the uBITX.

73 Kees K5BCQ
Re: ND6T AGC implementation for uBIT-X

 

Bill,

If this is to me, please send me the particulars offline? K5BCQ(at)arrl.net

73 Kees K5BCQ
Re: SWR

 

Tim? AB0WR

I2C as used with Arduino boards is usually defined for relatively slow (100 KHz) speed.

I2C defines several speed grades but the term baud rate is quite unusual in this
context. The speed grades (standard mode: 100 kbit/s, full speed: 400 kbit/s,
fast mode: 1 mbit/s, high speed: 3,2 Mbit/s) are maximum ratings.
<>

I2C or TWI being a serial bus the data is clocked at the individual bit rate, or no more
than 12500 eight-bit bytes per second.? Parallel-to-serial conversion and serial-to-
parallel conversion can also eat up a lot of machine cycles if it is done with software
instead of using built-in UART type autonomous functions.

The issue of Arduino running out of cycles needed to do its work is usually a false
problem.? Code can be arranged such that the important parts get the most
attention.? Sometimes using interrupts is a good approach and at other times just
calling important subroutines multiple times around the execution loop will suffice.
?
Attached hardware can also be problematic if it requires a lot of CPU cycles from
the host processor to support it.? Servicing slow attached hardware can sometimes
be handled by breaking down its demands for service into small function calls and
spreading the load out to times when the host processor is not doing critical tasks.

Adding sub-processors or smart attached hardware is another option that sometimes
helps to speed things up.? In these cases the bus interface speed and bandwidth
may become the roadblock unless functional load balancing is done to make the
best possible efficiency in data flow between devices.? If only two devices are used
and need to talk to each other it may be faster to use parallel communications
instead of a serial bus.? Interrupt driven parallel bus systems should be much more
efficient than traditional serial bus systems.

Code layout involves optimization for speed where speed is needed.? Relying on
compiler optimization is sometimes not enough to make CPU cycles available
when and where they are needed.

In the "bad-old-days" of sub-1_MHz processors that took 6 or more cycles to do
anything we did things like cycle counting and time parameterization of our code.?
Thank goodness we rarely need to do that in today's world of single-cycle
execution and 16 MHz or faster processors.? But...the method is still valid if you
need to do something involving critical real-time like operations.? Making a flow
diagram and penciling in CPU cycles for each function takes time and effort but
can be helpful in certain critical situations.

Arv
_._


On Sun, May 6, 2018 at 7:54 PM, Tim Gorman <tgorman2@...> wrote:
Why is the i2c so much slower? When using the adafruit ads1015 the
entire analog to digital conversion is completely off-loaded from the
nano. All you have to do is read the registers in the ads1015. There is
a small amount of overhead in the i2c communication protocol but it
isn't significant from what I can see.

It isn't a matter of how fast the analog to digital conversion can be
done because you don't have to read the voltage repetitively as fast as
you can. You can't adjust a tuner faster than the nano can read it from
an i2c adc.

There was an earlier thread where it was argued that off-loading
everything you could from the nano to an attached processor provided
more cycles for things the nano *has* to accomplish. I would think that
would surely include doing analog-to-digital conversion.

tim ab0wr

On Sun, 6 May 2018 15:24:42 -0500
"AA9GG" <paul.aa9gg@...> wrote:

> I agree the I2C would be a lot slower.? You are better off using the
> ADC inputs directly and let it "free-run" (I use ADC6 and ADC7).
> That way when you need to access the data, it's just a quick check of
> the "conversion complete flag" and grab the data from the registers.
>
> On Sun, May 6, 2018 at 2:35 PM, K9HZ <bill@...> wrote:
>
> > We must use different libraries.? I send out the start conversion
> > word to the part address¡­ and away it goes.? Then sometime later,
> > I poll to see if conversion is ready/ do a read at the same time
> > (because you get one or the other for free).? If the data isn¡¯t
> > ready, throw away what you got back and go do something else.? If
> > you test every quarter-second, you would always get the data and
> > the ready bit set TRUE.? Then update the display.? Again, the time
> > it takes to do the A/D conversion isn¡¯t important off-board as long
> > as both power readings are congruent and ready together at some
> > point.? The reads can be executed whenever convenient as not to
> > interfere with keying, CAT commands, etc. without using interrupts.
> >
> >
> >
> > With all this said, I support using a couple of caps and doing
> > something really easy.? Maybe it works perfectly.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > *Dr. William J. Schmidt - K9HZ J68HZ 8P6HK ZF2HZ PJ4/K9HZ VP5/K9HZ
> > PJ2/K9HZ*
> >
> >
> >
> > Owner - Operator
> >
> > Big Signal Ranch ¨C K9ZC
> >
> > Staunton, Illinois
> >
> >
> >
> > Owner ¨C Operator
> >
> > Villa Grand Piton ¨C J68HZ
> >
> > Soufriere, St. Lucia W.I.
> >
> > Rent it: <>
> >
> > *Like us on Facebook! **[image: facebook icon]*
> > <>
> >
> >
> >
> > Moderator ¨C North American QRO Group at Groups.IO.
> >
> >
> >
> > email:? bill@...
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > *From:* [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] *On Behalf Of
> > *Jerry Gaffke via Groups.Io
> > *Sent:* Sunday, May 6, 2018 1:54 PM
> > *To:* [email protected]
> > *Subject:* Re: [BITX20] SWR
> >
> >
> >
> > You said?
> >? ?>? goes on about its business for a while?
> > That's not correct, unless you add some code to handle i2c transmit
> > and receive in
> > interrupt routines.? That's some code most of us would prefer to
> > avoid.
> >
> > We currently do blocking IO on I2C reads and writes.
> > Just clocking all those I2C bits around at 100khz takes
> > considerably more time than doing the embedded ADC reads.
> >
> > I'm assuming we are mostly concerned about delaying other
> > operations, such as sensing the keyer.
> >
> > If all you are worried about is how synchronous the two samples are,
> > then yes the 2 channel ADC chip on the I2C bus would be better,
> > even if we stick with the blocking code on i2c access.
> > Me, I'll try out a couple big caps first.
> >
> > Jerry
> >
> > On Sun, May 6, 2018 at 10:50 am, K9HZ wrote:
> >
> > ¡°Actually, reading values from an A/D over the I2C bus will take
> > more time than just reading from the Nano's embedded ADC. ¡°
> >
> >
> >
> > Yes, but in this case, taking more time is ok¡­ because the Arduino
> > commands the A/D to perform its function, goes on about its
> > business for a while¡­the digitization happens independently of the
> > Arduino processing, and the data will be waiting for you want to go
> > get it.? There is no real demand on when the data needs to be
> > available, it¡¯s more a demand of being synchronized (so it¡¯s
> > statistically better to get the average of 5 good numbers rather
> > than 50 marginal numbers).? And (for me the best part) you really
> > can employ an A/D with synchronized S/H for good coordinated
> > forward and reverse power.
> >
> >
> >
> > I really don¡¯t think anyone here (other than me) will ever do it
> > this way.? Just indicating reverse power by some cheap method is
> > probably fine for tuning an antenna.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > <>
> > Virus-free.
> > <>
> > <#m_7015192241025951502_DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2>
> >
> >
> >?
>
>





Re: Coding styles

w2ttt
 

Oh... I had several Xerox 820 homebrew setups... one as a BBS running a Bell 212A modem!
73,
Gordon Beattie W2TTT

Get




On Mon, May 7, 2018 at 11:27 AM -0400, "Jim Strohm" <jim.strohm@...> wrote:

Oh no, not ANOTHER Xerox 820 veteran!

My first real computer was a Xerox 820 that somebody had hacked together with a pair of 8" floppies.? I learned a lot about how much I didn't know.

WordStar was my very best friend, and a few various text adventure games were my second best friends.

Halloween this year will be my 35th anniversary of being online ... beginning with a 300 baud acoustic coupler modem.

73
Jim N6OTQ
Re: SWR

 

If you are reading multiple variables, such as forward and reverse
power, then it becomes a big question of resources on-chip vs resources
off-chip.

For instance, I want to read PA current and reverse power. That's two
analog ports on the nano vs none for an i2c peripheral. If I also want
forward power then it becomes three analog ports vs none for an i2c
peripheral. If I also want PA temperature then it's four analog ports
vs none for an i2c peripheral. Reading multiple analog ports through
the nano muxed ADC doesn't appear to be much faster than doing i2c
reads from peripherals.

tim ab0wr

On Sun, 6 May 2018 22:15:37 -0500
"K9HZ" <bill@...> wrote:

If you are only reading one variable, it¡¯s much better to use the
Nano¡¯s A/D. There is no syncing to do¡­ just let it run continuously
and read whats ever in the register.





Dr. William J. Schmidt - K9HZ J68HZ 8P6HK ZF2HZ PJ4/K9HZ VP5/K9HZ
PJ2/K9HZ



Owner - Operator

Big Signal Ranch ¨C K9ZC

Staunton, Illinois



Owner ¨C Operator

Villa Grand Piton ¨C J68HZ

Soufriere, St. Lucia W.I.

Rent it: www.VillaGrandPiton.com <>

Like us on Facebook! <>



Moderator ¨C North American QRO Group at Groups.IO.



email: <mailto:bill@...> bill@...





From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Jerry
Gaffke via Groups.Io Sent: Sunday, May 6, 2018 9:39 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [BITX20] SWR



Here's the datasheet:

Pages 20-23 are of interest.
Looks to me like it is on the order of 10 bytes transferred via the
i2c bus for each ADC read, since we have to switch channels between
reads to choose forward vs reflected power. At 100 khz, that's 10us *
10 * 8bits/byte = 800 us. That's an order of magnitude slower than
reading the Nano's ADC using a an analogRead() call, around 100us.

It is possible to speed the i2c bus up from 100 khz to 400 khz,
But we can speed up the Nano ADC reads by a factor of 5, fiddling
with the ADC clock prescaler.

So using the Nano's ADC is much faster than using this i2c ADC chip
Now if you found a good SPI ADC chip, that might be a different story.

Jerry





---
This email has been checked for viruses by AVG.
Re: boosting the power on 28 MHz #ubitx

 

The input impedance varies with frequency.? It must its 99% capacitive at about
135pf and?then you factor in the Miller capacitance from the Drain to the Gate
(20pf).? ?However at 30mhz its about 12 ohms at 3 mhz its much higher.? This
can impact the driver and create distortion that can vary with frequency as its
load is changing.

I prefer bifilar chokes.? Those some use split chokes, those most of the amps using
them also used a grounded center tap on the output transformer.? Its a detail that
forces symmetry.? ? Generally I've always been on or the other.? A center tapped
output transformer and two drain choke are about the same as a bifilar drain choke
and a floating primary transformer.

Your whole point about envelope and time constants is not one I've ever seen.
The choking impedance needs to be high enough compared to the drain load
impedance to be be greater by 4-10 times.? Its impedance at audio is insignificant
and has no effect on the envelope but does help suppress oscillation at low or
audio frequencies.

Small cores maybe... conditional.? I see the output transformer t11 in my schematic as
problematic on several levels.

?First being the impedance translation is correct for the 5-10W level but leads to
?voltage clipping.? A lower impedance would negate that.? Someone suggested 2:3
?ratio and I've used that with better results.? That forces a lower voltage swing and?
?Places a lower drain to drain impedance.? 25 ohms is too high and 12 or lower
?would be better.? By lowering the voltage swing the parasitic varying capacitance
?of the fets is lower and the parametric multiplication that occurs is lower.?

?Second at higher frequencies the 80pf output capacitance is more significant as
?well.? While it represents maybe 60ohms at 30mhz the load impedance needs
?to be under 1//4 of that to make it less lossy.? That ends up around 15 ohms
?or lower. A 25 ohm drain to drain load would do that and requires a transformer
?from 25 to 50 ohms (1:1.414 turns ratio or 1:2 impedance) so a tightly coupled
?transformer of 2 turns primary and 3 turns secondary would be a practical an needs
?a 2 hole core to achieve.? ?A core for this power level would be two FB43-302?
?or 2 FD43-202 end to end to simulate a longer core.? Using 61 ferrite can help
?at 30mhz but cost at 3 or below (160M).? Saturation is less an issue of the
? primary and secondary are closely coupled.

?Third as we go up in power the copper losses in the transformers are a factor so
?fatter wire is a must. Fatter wire give more surface area and lower AC resistance
?(skin effect).? We are talking over an amp of RF at this power level already.
?Often parallel wires of smaller diameter bundled can also provide the same
?effect or better.? Minimum is #22 fatter if possible is better.? Also insulation
?is a factor as it influences spacing and impednace.

Just a few things noted over the years building push pull amps from
milliwatts to kilowatts.? Generally I have to look at the power chain
as a system of interacting elements.? Usually there are cooling
issues as well so that forces mechanical constraints.

Allison
Re: SWR

 

If you are reading more than one analog channel then my reading shows
that analogread() can take between 200usec and 300usec as the ADC is
muxed and it takes some time for the analog channel to stabilize because
of the impedance of the channel.

That's not an order of magnitude difference.

Reading data from something like an ads1015 takes four bytes plus seven
start/ack/nack/stop signal times (e.g. 7 clock cycles).

The master does start/i2c address byte+write bit/slave register
address/start/i2c slave address+read bit/nack/stop. The slave sends
ack/ack/ack/data byte

That's 10*5*8 = 400us. While that is more than successive reads of
analog channels it does not take up precious resources on the nano. If
you are using analog ports you are going to have to use a different
port for forward and for reverse power, using up precious resources on
the nano and taking at least twice as long to read as the 100us minimum
for successive reads on the same channel.

I only need to do my i2c stuff while tuning up, using a "Tune" or
"Diagnositc" menu option perhaps. Once that is done I use up no nano
resources at all. Using the analog ports will tie those resources up
permanently whether they are actually being used or not.

tim ab0wr

On Sun, 06 May 2018 19:38:31 -0700
"Jerry Gaffke via Groups.Io" <jgaffke@...> wrote:

Here's the datasheet:
? ??
Pages 20-23 are of interest.
Looks to me like it is on the order of 10 bytes transferred via the
i2c bus for each ADC read, since we have to switch channels between
reads to choose forward vs reflected power. At 100 khz, that's 10us *
10 * 8bits/byte = 800 us. That's an order of magnitude slower than
reading the Nano's ADC using a an analogRead() call, around 100us.

It is possible to speed the i2c bus up from 100 khz to 400 khz,
But we can speed up the Nano ADC reads by a factor of 5, fiddling
with the ADC clock prescaler.

So using the Nano's ADC is much faster than using this i2c ADC chip
Now if you found a good SPI ADC chip, that might be a different story.

Jerry
Re: ND6T AGC implementation for uBIT-X

 

¿ªÔÆÌåÓý

Hey it looks like your file is off my one line shifted down beyond column ¡°C¡±...?


Dr.?William J. Schmidt - K9HZ J68HZ 8P6HK ZF2HZ PJ4/K9HZ VP5/K9HZ PJ2/K9HZ

?

Owner - Operator

Big Signal Ranch ¨C K9ZC

Staunton, Illinois

?

Owner ¨C Operator

Villa Grand Piton - J68HZ

Soufriere, St. Lucia W.I.

Rent it:


email:??bill@...

?


On May 5, 2018, at 3:32 PM, Kees T <windy10605@...> wrote:

The current AGC and Click kit requests are in the "Files" section under my call? ?K5BCQ

73 Kees K5BCQ

Re: Coding styles

 

Oh no, not ANOTHER Xerox 820 veteran!

My first real computer was a Xerox 820 that somebody had hacked together with a pair of 8" floppies.? I learned a lot about how much I didn't know.

WordStar was my very best friend, and a few various text adventure games were my second best friends.

Halloween this year will be my 35th anniversary of being online ... beginning with a 300 baud acoustic coupler modem.

73
Jim N6OTQ
Re: Coding styles

Rod Davis
 

¿ªÔÆÌåÓý

Jerry,

I started writing C in 1974,owned K&R, programmed professionally until mid 90s, have written
and read tons of C, and actually saw Vince's line as concise and clear, and still enjoyed the humor.

Rod KM6SN


On 05/07/2018 07:58 AM, Jerry Gaffke via Groups.Io wrote:

Some C coders won't see that as humor.
That's how they code.
And if you work with it enough to where it is no longer gibberish,
the more compact representation might be understood more quickly.

There are different styles between programming languages as well as within programming languages.
The more esoteric ones can become insanely compact, doing in a line what would take a page in others.
I still remember the shock back in my school days when taking a class covering Snobol
after first getting my feet wet with Fortran.?

Jerry

On Mon, May 7, 2018 at 07:40 am, Rod Davis wrote:

Vince,

I like your humor.

Rod KM6SN

?

. . .

?

On 05/07/2018 07:16 AM, Vince Vielhaber wrote:
I prefer:

????y = (w == 5) ? true : false;

Vince.

CEC firmware dual display

 

on the kd8cec firmware I see it allows for dual display can it be the parallel and a i2c and is there a page on how to enable and setup dual display ?
Re: boosting the power on 28 MHz #ubitx

 

For the drain chokes as a single center tapped transformer.

Use an FB43-302 6 turns bifilar.? Or copy the choke used in the 'eby amp.

Wa2EBY:
10 bifilar turns #22 enameled wire on?two stacked FT-50-43 cores.
It is adequate for up to 65W tested!

Note the Eby amp also put capcitance across the output transformer to try
and offset any leakage inductance.? values from 47pf to 470 pf should be
tried but also try a better transformer.

Allison
Re: Microphone

Gordon Gibby
 

¿ªÔÆÌåÓý

?I made a small prepamplifier (one transistor) for mine and allows me to use just about anything.? ?I like the inexpensive CB amplified mic's from truck stops but I had fun making a wooden traditional desk mic with the bitx40 electret element.? ? For our club project we will probably use tongue depressors or something similar to hold the element and a push to talk button.? ? ?Simple and cheap makes for a good club project.? ??


Gordon



From: [email protected] <[email protected]> on behalf of me@... <me@...>
Sent: Monday, May 7, 2018 11:09 AM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [BITX20] Microphone
?
Hello

It¡¯s possible to use a desktop microphone AM-508 Adonis (with compressor) with an output voltage 0 to 30mV ?
It is an electret condenser microphone.

Thank you for your review.

73 QRO Gilles F1BFU


Le 7 mai 2018 ¨¤ 16:34, iz oos <and2oosiz2@...> a ¨¦crit :

I have tried 4 other condenser elements. I have to say I prefer the one that comes with Ubitx. It has more average power output, which is not alot as there is no compressor or vogad type of mic input, 73 Franco


Il 07/mag/2018 16:20, "Ralph Mowery" <rmowery42@...> ha scritto:
Other than the small microphone that comes with the uBITX what other inexpensive microphones are good to use ?





Re: Microphone

 

¿ªÔÆÌåÓý

Hello

It¡¯s possible to use a desktop microphone AM-508 Adonis (with compressor) with an output voltage 0 to 30mV ?
It is an electret condenser microphone.

Thank you for your review.

73 QRO Gilles F1BFU


Le 7 mai 2018 ¨¤ 16:34, iz oos <and2oosiz2@...> a ¨¦crit :

I have tried 4 other condenser elements. I have to say I prefer the one that comes with Ubitx. It has more average power output, which is not alot as there is no compressor or vogad type of mic input, 73 Franco


Il 07/mag/2018 16:20, "Ralph Mowery" <rmowery42@...> ha scritto:
Other than the small microphone that comes with the uBITX what other inexpensive microphones are good to use ?
Re: Coding styles

 

Some C coders won't see that as humor.
That's how they code.
And if you work with it enough to where it is no longer gibberish,
the more compact representation might be understood more quickly.

There are different styles between programming languages as well as within programming languages.
The more esoteric ones can become insanely compact, doing in a line what would take a page in others.
I still remember the shock back in my school days when taking a class covering Snobol
after first getting my feet wet with Fortran.?

Jerry


On Mon, May 7, 2018 at 07:40 am, Rod Davis wrote:

Vince,

I like your humor.

Rod KM6SN

?

. . .

?

On 05/07/2018 07:16 AM, Vince Vielhaber wrote:
I prefer:

????y = (w == 5) ? true : false;

Vince.

Re: Coding styles

Rod Davis
 

¿ªÔÆÌåÓý

Vince,

I like your humor.

Rod KM6SN



On 05/07/2018 07:16 AM, Vince Vielhaber wrote:

I prefer:

????y = (w == 5) ? true : false;

Vince.


On 05/07/2018 12:14 AM, Jack Purdum via Groups.Io wrote:
The brace thing is really a matter of choice. I learned C back in the
late 1970's when K&R was the only C book and I had a 64x16 modified TV
for a CRT, so I put things on the same line, simply so I could see more
lines without scrolling:

?? if (w == 5) {
????? y = true;
?? } else {
????? y = false;
?? }

Even though the braces are not required with a single statement, I
almost always use them. When I don't, invariably I need to add another
statement or a debug print statement, so I have to add the brace anyway.
However, with function signatures, I always place the opening brace for
the function body on a new line. I think people pick what works for
them. No one style is "correct", so, to me at least, there's no reason
to even debate what's correct when it comes to braces. However, we
should all try to make our code as readable as possible.

When I was in high school, the football coach knew I was a ham radio
operator and wanted me to build two Heathkit walkie talkies. I built
them, and they didn't work. I was mortified. I barely slept that night.
The next morning, my Mom told me I got up in the middle of the night and
wrote something on the pad next to the phone. I read what I wrote, went
downstairs and checked it and, sure enough, that was the problem. Ever
since then, I keep a pad and pencil next to the bed. I can't tell you
how many teaching examples I've used that came from that pad or
programming problems that were solved by reading the pad the next
morning. My experiences have convinced me that your brain continues to
problem solve even when you're asleep.

Jack, W8TEE


On Sunday, May 6, 2018, 11:51:40 PM EDT, Jerry Gaffke via Groups.Io
<jgaffke@...> wrote:


You guys take this so seriously.
Maybe you should find a hobby.?? ;-)

Though I understand, I'm afflicted by the same malady.
Just a slightly different strain.
Here's a fix, no need to ever again deal with my coding style (one of
many possible tools):
???

If you object to K&R style, there's a lot of it out there for you to sic
crustify on.
Here's a few million lines to get you started:
???

You can also use Ctrl-T to format your code to a common C coding style.

I assume that's for the Arduino IDE, whose editor I mostly avoid.
Here's various tricks for vi/vim users:

?

Here's a discussion of the various indentation styles:

?
They can't agree either.
But somebody in there did a study of error rates in code using the
various styles.
Note that K&R style won, at least by a little bit.
Though perhaps that's because folks using the K&R style
are more likely to have read K&R (highly recommended).

I was quite serious about that back pocket thing.
If I have a difficult algorithm to work on, I code it tight so I can see
as much of the work at one time as possible.? Preferably so it all fits
on one side of a sheet of typing paper.? Better yet, half of one side.
Then pull it out at odd times during the day, jot notes when new
insights come.
Works for me.

Didn't anybody have any comments about on how better to compute SWR?

Jerry, KE7ER


On Sun, May 6, 2018 at 05:31 pm, Jack Purdum wrote:

??? Braces or brackets? Braces mark statement/function blocks while
??? brackets are most often used with array sizes. The old K&R style was
??? to leave the opening brace on the same line as the expression block,
??? and then align the closing brace with the expression block start. I
??? think that was done to get more lines on the screen when a 25 line
??? display was common. Today, most seem to place the opening brace on
??? its own line. If the block spans more than a page, the latest IDE
??? shows the opening expression.

??? You can also use Ctrl-T to format your code to a common C coding style.





Re: Coding styles

 

Often my programs are over half comments, but most of those comments are
up at the top.? The code is kept tight so that when I am seriously getting my head into it
I am not distracted by a lot of chatty comments or having to flip through pages and pages.
Or screens and screens, or popping about through different files.?

The comments up top often become a terse skeleton of a manual,?
plus notes for coders that follow.? Can have web references to datasheets
and small excerpts from them.? Occasionally ASCII timing diagrams, perhaps
showing how some GPIO ports talk to a peripheral.? Having all of that in the same file
makes it more likely I'll keep the material in sync with the code.

Much of the coding I have done in the last 20 years has been VHDL.
Can be harder to grok, since there is no central processor finding a path through the code.
All the code executes all the time.? That has contributed to my coding style.

Jerry, KE7ER


On Mon, May 7, 2018 at 05:59 am, Dennis Zabawa wrote:
My advice is? to comment, comment, comment.? Use variable and procedure names that are descriptive.? As Jack said, that clever, little bit of coding you did last week may read like sanskrit? today.??
Re: Microphone

 

I have tried 4 other condenser elements. I have to say I prefer the one that comes with Ubitx. It has more average power output, which is not alot as there is no compressor or vogad type of mic input, 73 Franco


Il 07/mag/2018 16:20, "Ralph Mowery" <rmowery42@...> ha scritto:
Other than the small microphone that comes with the uBITX what other inexpensive microphones are good to use ?
Re: Coding styles

 

Yeah, I meant braces.? That's what I get trying to jump in at work doing too many things.?? I remember those old screens too well.?? Then again I had to work on the computers as well.?? So many fun toys these days.

Michael
KM4OLT


On Sun, May 6, 2018 at 05:31 pm, Jack Purdum wrote:
Braces or brackets? Braces mark statement/function blocks while brackets are most often used with array sizes. The old K&R style was to leave the opening brace on the same line as the expression block, and then align the closing brace with the expression block start. I think that was done to get more lines on the screen when a 25 line display was common. Today, most seem to place the opening brace on its own line. If the block spans more than a page, the latest IDE shows the opening expression.

You can also use Ctrl-T to format your code to a common C coding style.

Jack, W8TEE
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