Keyboard Shortcuts
ctrl + shift + ? :
Show all keyboard shortcuts
ctrl + g :
Navigate to a group
ctrl + shift + f :
Find
ctrl + / :
Quick actions
esc to dismiss
Likes
- BITX20
- Messages
Search
Re: Need help understanding a line of code in ubitx_si5351.cpp (msxp2 = ...)
#radiuno
OK, a few more words about what's going on inside the si5351.
toggle quoted message
Show quoted text
Perhaps more than you really want to hear. Assume you are tuned into a CW station at 7.1mhz. We have a? single conversion superhet such as the Bitx40, the VFO is 7.1 mhz above our 12mhz intermediate frequency, so 19.1mhz.? The Si5351 is providing that VFO. But the Si5351 only has an 875mhz reference oscillator, it has to do some sophisticated math inside to create that 19.1mhz VFO.? And that math sometimes has rounding errors. Most of the time the VFO is right at 19.1mhz, but it does occasionally jump around a little bit,? in extreme cases by a kilohertz or more.? So in addition to letting you hear that 7.1 mhz station, your radio might also be letting through bits and pieces of other stations at 7.099 or 7.101 mhz, if only? for a millionth of a second or so.? Those bits and pieces add up, they sound like noise.? Specifically, phase noise. To reduce that phase noise requires better computations inside the si5351, and that requires more power. ? Here's a brief example of the sort of math that goes on inside the Si5351: Assume we have a 875mhz reference, and want to generate a 19.1mhz signal. We an get close by dividing by 46, giving 19.0217 mhz out. We can divide by 45, to get 19.4444 mhz. If we mostly divide by 46, and sometimes divide by 45, it can average out to exactly 19.1 mhz, but if you look close you can still tell that it is just jumping between 19.0217 and 19.4444 mhz out. Some serious phase noise. This is called a fractional divider, because it is dividing by something between the integers 45 and 46. That's what SiLabs does, except they also add a programmable delay line to the output pin. They delay the rising and falling clock edges a few picoseconds, differently for each clock edge, doing calculations with each clock edge to determine how much delay is needed to make the output look like a 19.1mhz square wave.? Those calculations aren't perfect, nor is the delay line.? So we still get some residual phase noise. The Si5351 operates in two stages, first stage brings the 25mhz crystal oscillator up to around 875mhz. This involves a second fractional divider much like the one described above. In this case, 875/25 = 35.0 exactly, but that figure of 875 could have been anything between 600 and 900 mhz. Jerry On Tue, May 29, 2018 at 12:29 pm, Terry Morris wrote: Thanks for your response Jerry, but I am still snowballed.? |
Re: The new uBITX boards are here
Gordon Gibby
¿ªÔÆÌåÓý?Well I'll be doggoned --- I found BOTH those transistors at mouser.? ?Tonight I'll order some.? ?This is starting to get INTERESTING.
Gordon
From: [email protected] <[email protected]> on behalf of ajparent1/KB1GMX <kb1gmx@...>
Sent: Tuesday, May 29, 2018 4:46 PM To: [email protected] Subject: Re: [BITX20] The new uBITX boards are here ?
What did I say about using a high FT transistor?
Since I don't have KST10s but know the MPSH10s and you say its the same save for package my first shot would be go for it, can't be worse.? MPSH10s are 650mhz minimum so its better by two.? Looking at the data sheet make sure the pins for base and emitter fall on the right pads.? Likely do but, check. The kst10 FYI is 650mhz FT device so it will likely be better by a factor of two but not as good as the BFR106 is a 5ghz device.? For feedback amps like that a FT according to the spreadsheet? needs to be good to more than 2000mhz.? I'd suspect any 1ghz or better device should work well. when compared to a 300mhz device.? The spreadsheet off the disk EMRFD gives 18db for a 5ghz device and 13.6db for a 300mhz device and 15.8 for a 650mhz device.? You get 2.3db for he effort.? ?In reality it may be better.? I have to comment did you check the FT for that device?? For the BFR106?? The idea is not to flail wildly but to do some basic calculation and the easy one is: B=Ft/F? where FT is the stated datasheet number and F is the working frequency. if we take 300 and divide by 45 we get 6.67 a very low gain.? 650/45 is 14/44 better but barely twice.? Work it backward, a desired gain of 17db or 50 so 45*50=2250 that's the desired FT.? The only thing somewhat magic is that 17db happens to be 50 but that is easily calculated as the antilog.? 17db=10(log50) or for those that want a weird backward explain... 17db gain is:? 10db or 10x plus 7db or 5x, so we multiply and get 50. Why use logs (aka? DB)?? it saves multiplying big numbers in your head that you can otherwise add. The magic is that I can remember the logs of 10 for integers at age 65 but, not what day it is. ;-) Hint I grew up with and still have a slide rule.? The calc in the iphone is decent in scientific mode (turn it landscape). Allison Allison |
Re: The new uBITX boards are here
What did I say about using a high FT transistor?
Since I don't have KST10s but know the MPSH10s and you say its the same save for package my first shot would be go for it, can't be worse.? MPSH10s are 650mhz minimum so its better by two.? Looking at the data sheet make sure the pins for base and emitter fall on the right pads.? Likely do but, check. The kst10 FYI is 650mhz FT device so it will likely be better by a factor of two but not as good as the BFR106 is a 5ghz device.? For feedback amps like that a FT according to the spreadsheet? needs to be good to more than 2000mhz.? I'd suspect any 1ghz or better device should work well. when compared to a 300mhz device.? The spreadsheet off the disk EMRFD gives 18db for a 5ghz device and 13.6db for a 300mhz device and 15.8 for a 650mhz device.? You get 2.3db for he effort.? ?In reality it may be better.? I have to comment did you check the FT for that device?? For the BFR106?? The idea is not to flail wildly but to do some basic calculation and the easy one is: B=Ft/F? where FT is the stated datasheet number and F is the working frequency. if we take 300 and divide by 45 we get 6.67 a very low gain.? 650/45 is 14/44 better but barely twice.? Work it backward, a desired gain of 17db or 50 so 45*50=2250 that's the desired FT.? The only thing somewhat magic is that 17db happens to be 50 but that is easily calculated as the antilog.? 17db=10(log50) or for those that want a weird backward explain... 17db gain is:? 10db or 10x plus 7db or 5x, so we multiply and get 50. Why use logs (aka? DB)?? it saves multiplying big numbers in your head that you can otherwise add. The magic is that I can remember the logs of 10 for integers at age 65 but, not what day it is. ;-) Hint I grew up with and still have a slide rule.? The calc in the iphone is decent in scientific mode (turn it landscape). Allison Allison |
Re: ardurino tutorials and books
Vince Vielhaber
You said: "It is apparent that you do not feel this is an honest mistake because you have given yourself the boot in the pants to leave,"
toggle quoted message
Show quoted text
But he said: "I submitted this site for info and help for hams like myself who asked for help learning about ardurinos and no answer. Some who are quick to burn someone for honestly trying to do good ..." Sounds more like he sees it as an honest mistake to me. Then you said: "The comment about returning to qrpp cw. Do you think that is punishment?" But he said: "Anyway I'm gone, sorry for any mistake. Back on the bands with qrpp cw." I don't see anything in his comment that would make me think he feels like he's being punished. In a later post you stated: "I have struggled for many years trying to comprehend" Now *that* I can believe. Vince. On 05/29/2018 04:12 PM, Terry Morris wrote:
Like what? --
Michigan VHF Corp. |
Re: ardurino tutorials and books
Like what? Terry - KB8AMZ On Tue, May 29, 2018 at 3:37 PM, Vince Vielhaber <vev@...> wrote: Terry, you read things in his post that I certainly didn't. |
Re: The new uBITX boards are here
M Garza
Allison, How about using KST10s for Q10/20? Same as the MPSH10, but surface mount. Just a suggestion. Marco - KG5PRT On Tue, May 29, 2018 at 1:29 PM, ajparent1/KB1GMX <kb1gmx@...> wrote: Farhan, |
Re: Receive FM Radio Station
#bitx40
Just a wild guess....
There is enough pickup die to leads to hear the station at the input of the 45mhz mixer and? its second harmonic 90mhz plus DBMs make very good phase detectors (that means they also can detect frequency changes).? I'd bet you are not far from the station. IF the input low pass filter is right this should not happen but if you have wire loops? you can get around the back of the filter.? Shielding is your friend. FYI I grew up in the shadow of a AM BC station and everything I did picked it up even ma bells telephones! Allison |
bitx40
Hi need help with the wiring of a bitx40 got to the part where you do the 8 pin on the raddduino board but then it said ti hook up the 5 pin connector?to the board don't bknow if I got the wrong? raduino board or something changed from the picture in the assembly? but I cant find the hook up fot the 5 pin connector my board has all pins on the bottom side
thank you Adam ka2uol |
Re: ardurino tutorials and books
Vince Vielhaber
Terry, you read things in his post that I certainly didn't.
toggle quoted message
Show quoted text
Vince. On 05/29/2018 03:08 PM, Terry Morris wrote:
David Todd, --
Michigan VHF Corp. |
Re: Need help understanding a line of code in ubitx_si5351.cpp (msxp2 = ...)
#radiuno
Thanks for your response Jerry, but I am still snowballed. Like I took the Extra Class License class the second time around with the same instructor, Jim Wilson, AC8NT. Jim is a scholarly guy with more degrees than I have HF rigs, sometimes he is very down to earth and speaks in terminology that I understand. I have struggled for many years trying to comprehend the magic with electronics and something is not clicking within my synapses. The other club members in my class told me after various classes that I asked really good questions that they were embarrassed to ask. Whoopie. Not the point. I did ask Jim many questions but the responses were probably geared more for EE grad students than what I comprehended. The others in my class understood the responses so I struggled along until the end of the class. I let Jim know that I didn't understand his responses but I didn't want to hold up the rest of the class. Jim advised me to study the test pool questions but continue the class (the only thing it cost me was time). At the end of the class Jim had a special VE team to test us. I didn't pass. I was more confused than before. My club was giving a scheduled test in 3 weeks, but there was a local hamfest in 2 weeks. I crammed like I was crazy and when I went to take the test I felt crazy. I did pass though. Most of the questions I answered correctly I still don't understand. Now I want to learn more than before how this magic works, I would really like to build a transceiver of my own design and know why the pieces and parts work. Moving on the next topic... Terry - KB8AMZ Brimfield Twp, OH? USA Linux User# 412308, Ubuntu User# 34905 OSs: LM18.2 64bit, Ubuntu 16.04, tahrPup64 64bit, Raspian Orgs: PCL70-FOP, NTHS, ALUG, ARRL, PCARS#78, NAQCC#6668, NO-QRP-C, QRP-ARCI#8855, SKCC#14195, USN 1965-1969 AG3 I chair the PCARS CW/QRP SIG and Linux for Hams SIG, second and fifth Tuesday my computer, my opinion On Mon, May 28, 2018 at 8:46 PM, Jerry Gaffke via Groups.Io <jgaffke@...> wrote: I have no idea at what point phase noise will be an issue for the si5351 across? |
Re: ND6T AGC implementation for uBIT-X
V Zecchinelli
¿ªÔÆÌåÓýThank you Kees.? Envelope arrived in Vermont this afternoon safe and sound. 73 de Vince N1VIN
On 5/26/2018 12:56 PM, Kees T wrote:
Here it is |
Re: ardurino tutorials and books
David Todd, You are way overboard on your decision to leave the group. If that is your decision, then by all means leave. No one in this group told you to leave or asked you to leave. You decided, yourself, that the group wanted this. Arv just brought this up as a question. I did not see one reply?that suggested that you leave. Pertaining to the topic in rebuttal, in my opinion, I prefer to purchase the book that was published for author so that he/she receives their due reward for passing on their knowledge. Some knowledge is passed on for free and some is passed on for monetary exchange. It is apparent that you do not feel this is an honest mistake because you have given yourself the boot in the pants to leave, The comment about returning to qrpp cw. Do you think that is punishment? "Holly moley Festus, I have been punished by working qrpp cw for the past 31 years". NOT! I know that you are not a newbie, but if you persist that you want to leave then, goodbye, but you are welcome back. Terry - KB8AMZ Brimfield Twp, OH? USA Linux User# 412308, Ubuntu User# 34905 OSs: LM18.2 64bit, Ubuntu 16.04, tahrPup64 64bit, Raspian Orgs: PCL70-FOP, NTHS, ALUG, ARRL, PCARS#78, NAQCC#6668, NO-QRP-C, QRP-ARCI#8855, SKCC#14195, USN 1965-1969 AG3 I chair the PCARS CW/QRP SIG and Linux for Hams SIG, second and fifth Tuesday my computer, my opinion On Mon, May 28, 2018 at 2:40 PM, david todd via Groups.Io <kg9rb@...> wrote: Arv, |
Re: The new uBITX boards are here
Jerry,
The problem is the input impedance is the aggregate of the Miller and fixed (gate capacitance). That means two things, it changes with voltage and power out (voltage swing at the drain) and frequency.? It appears with a phase and magnitude different than base low frequency capacitance.? So its best to force a low input impedance with both feedback and? R-L loading. The other is some datasheet have the gate capacitance as 135PF and others around 180. Add to that the effect of some 20pf gate to drain which is part of the miller capacitance its like driving a load that fights back out of phase.??If you work the parameters for the RD16HHF the gate is fairly capacitive but shows as 20-j89.4 (looks inductive on the smith chart) ohms as a result of Miller feed back. [Back of the napkin puts it around 200++pf.] So keeping the input at low impedance?is a stability issue as lower input impedance reduces the impact of Miller capacitance.? This is also common with high end LDMOS devices, nature of the beast.? They are not high impedance input save for at DC. So a feed impedance of around 50 ohms is maybe high but higher will be troublesome. Again what works at 40M is likely problematic at 20M and up.? These things have more gain than given credit when matched. So In all cases what you want is to drive volts of RF across a low impedance load as its more stable load for the driver with frequency and also lowers the feedback related stability.? Some cases some series R on the gate 1-2 ohms helps (see RD16hhf datasheet for test circuit).? ?I had to do that with my IRF510 (4x4 push pull at 6M) a,mp to calm ot down each fet having a 2.2ohms smt resistor from the gate pad to the device lead trimmed 1/10th inch long?from the case.? I was getting 16DB of gain at 6M (and 220W at 30V)!?? A simple test is feed RF into the output and look at the input for S12 (reverse transfer). If the reverse is -20db and the gain is +13 you have 7db margin before you running a power oscillator.? You want a much larger margin of possible.? ?The other is to test the driver with a hand made load say 180PF cap and some calculated resistance in parallel in place of the fet and watch what the driver does.? I've seen them take off into reactive loads.? I also have experience driving MOSFETS for class D and Class E and at 13.56mhz to get a GAN fet to switch hard I used an IXyS driver that could push 6V at 9A into the gate and out of the gate (basically charge and discharge a 200pf cap!) to get the nanosecond switching time the part can do. Not much different than running 60ma of grid current on a 813 (hollow state thermo fet). Allison |
Re: Receive FM Radio Station
#bitx40
Mike aka KC2WVB
Sorry, I forgot you probably had yet to tune the IF section. It did not dawn on me that might be the issue. I have not scratch built SSB radios with IF sections but I did build one AM receiver which used IF sections as part of its structure. I did not have the test equipment at the time and I kind of remember that I? tuned the IF section by ear using a stand alone IC oscillator that put out a 1000 KHz signal.? The receiver used analog tuning. Once I had the variable cap adjusted then it was simply a matter of backing off on each adustment, finding the 1000KHz signal and then working my way sequentially through the adjustment points until I had my 1000KHz signal sounding its best. The SSB receiver is a bit more complex so I am uncertain if anything from above is of help but its nice to remember that when a dependable receive signal is needed for tuning purposes those easy to set up IC oscillators are easy to come by. On Tue, May 29, 2018, 1:13 PM Jerry Gaffke via Groups.Io <jgaffke=[email protected]> wrote: If you don't have a scope, perhaps you have or can borrow a receiver that can tune those oscillators in. |
Re: Ideas for AM, NB FM Demod and CW filter board
Agree with Allison.? If what you want is a FM monitor receiver, then design and build something specifically for that purpose.? If you want an AM General Coverage receiver, then build one specifically for that purpose.? As it stands now the BITX or uBITX is not a good choice for either mode.? Lots of modifications would be required and would still result in a compromise design for those modes, and could also degrade the excellent design and performance of your BITX or uBITX as an SSB and CW transceiver. There are several ICs that can be used as the back-end of a AM/FM receiver.? They come in WBFM or NBFM models, and some are suitable for both wide or narrow FM. ? It should be easy to design and build a simple down-converter to go ahead of one of those chips and follow it with an audio amplifier stage.? For FM you would probably want AFC, and lots of gain followed by a limiter ahead of the FM detector.? For AM you will probably want to include some sort of AGC.? What does seem to be useful for AM and FM and related to the uBITX or BITX-40 would be to use a Raduino board as the frequency and mode control for a new design for AM, FM, or both.? The Si5351a is inexpensive and could be a good source of LO signals for the down-converter. Software for the Arduino Nano could be written to specifically support this layout. If your goal is VHF or UHF operation on SSB or CW, then a transverter might be the most cost effective way to go.? Doing this would only require that the BITX or uBITX output be attenuated enough to match input level requirements for the transverter.? My 2-cents worth. Arv K7HKL _._ On Tue, May 29, 2018 at 12:10 PM ajparent1/KB1GMX <kb1gmx@...> wrote: On Tue, May 29, 2018 at 10:26 am, Ashhar Farhan wrote: |
Re: Ideas for AM, NB FM Demod and CW filter board
Alison ! Your reference to TDA7000 got me thinking how about a filter and ZN414 clone MK484 available from China. Appears nice simple a typical uBitx like solution. I still have some marine radios with me? namely Eddystone, SEA, ITT etc. Amazing how much performance they were able to squeeze out with MC1496, ring mixers, TBA810 AF amps etc in those days... Rahul VU3WJM |
Re: The new uBITX boards are here
Farhan,
Look the traces for the final to the output transformer.? Make them wide (low impedance). same for the gate.? The interaction between the mosfets and the drivers is both closeness the three toroids try to couple being very close.? I found that alternating them front and back tamed it so its a space issue. From the output to kT1 (filter select) get close to the driver and pre driver.? All of the relays in mine are now wrapped win copper tape and grounded.? Isolation improved and the unwanted regeneration(TX) is helped. Running with grounded (and insulated heatsinks) helps also with feedback issues. The 45mhz amp is tepid, the 2n3904s (q10 and 20 in the V3 schematic) are not doing well at 45mhz? just the common emitter stage as the emitter followers are fine there.? Changing them to BF106 (handy but other high FT parts should work) brought the stage gain to calculated rather than about measured 7db.? The 2n3904 is an inexpensive workhorse part but the -3db gain corner is 15mhz in a 16db feedback amp (TIA helps a tad). Allison |
Re: Ideas for AM, NB FM Demod and CW filter board
On Tue, May 29, 2018 at 10:26 am, Ashhar Farhan wrote:
TDA1220Superregen at 45mhz as AM/FM detector... I can't go there.? ;)? I did it 40 years ago at 10.7mhz I learned a lot.? I wanted a RX that could hear Aircraft (118 to 136mhz) and 2M fm (144-148). Its a great way to go for low power consumption and poor selectivity, not a no tune design! Took a bit of digging to find a data sheet.? Yes, but try to buy them from non questionable sources.? It went EOL years ago so the only parts are NOS (new old stock that have been sitting).? However something like that would solve the RX problem and needs to work at the 12mhz IF and its upper frequency for the TDA1220 is 30 mhz.? It was a 1994 part and I even have two of them.? That and two filters plus three tuneable cans to add fun to ones life.? ?Look for the TDA-7000 (also EOL) as that works easily at 45mhz for FM rx. That type of part goes in and out of fashion rather quickly but there is always something new to replace it.?? It still leaves generating AM and FM.? Double sideband AM is easy,? sum the 45mhz though a 6DB pad and a DBM and you get perfect low level modulation.? Gain down stream becomes critical as the carrier has to be 1/4 peak power or it sounds distorted. For AM and power do a class E rig.? Using switching fets its fairly easy to do Monoband AM at 50W or more (with switchmode class D modulator).s FM in the current scheme means audio to digital and feed that to the SI5351.? I think? a bigger MPU might be needed. The alternate is 12mhz crystal osc and FM it using a varicap diode, not? a no tune approach. That also requires audio processor (preemphasis and clipping/limiting). Both AM and FM will easily pass through the 45mhz filter and its wide enough. I cut my teeth on AM (marine radio pre VHF and aircraft) and FM (Land mobile and Marine VHF)?commercial stuff must be 50 years ago.? It was fun.?? Allison |
Re: Ubitx Noob help
#ubitx-help
Thanks so much for the quick and concise reply.? This means I'm almost done!? All I need to do is add a fuse.
73s from Dave in Missouri! KD0UYH |
Re: Ideas for AM, NB FM Demod and CW filter board
We can probably use the AGC for SSB as welll. - f On Tue, May 29, 2018 at 11:16 PM, lkorahul via Groups.Io <lkorahul@...> wrote:
|
to navigate to use esc to dismiss