Rather than C++ changing, it is more likely that a newer ExpressIf ESP-32 plugin or an older one has introduced compatibility issues with your IDE/C++ compiler version. I am using the esp32 board package 2.0.11 for what it is worth.
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Being in the Chicagoland area, I can't help you with an eyeball visit. However, I just built the MorseTutor project with the Arduino 1.8.19 IDE with only a few warnings about "ISO C++ forbids converting a string constant to 'char*", which didn't prevent successful compilation and linking.?When I use the Arduino IDE to build projects, I use 1.8.19 as I haven't been impressed with the 2.x version to date. I also use Platform.io and its plugin for CLion (from JetBrains) for more complex projects.
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If you post a couple of representative examples of the errors you're getting, that may provide a clue to the cause of your problem.