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Daniel, Yes, one can skip the square root for the individual dit frames simply by dividing alpha by the standard deviation of the QRN. But there's still one square root required. Thanks for

"Computing the mean and standard deviation for a dit frame is very low cost and very easy to implement in a DSP setting on an MCU. Computational cost is one multiply and 2 sums per frame sample plus

LoL! :-) That paragraph tells me *quite* a lot. We think very much alike. I started and then aborted a post about using rise and fall time to increase the BW of a low keying rate signal. In rough

No you should just have to click the "Download" link (down arrow icon) at the upper left part of the web page to download the PDF. I would include it here, but I'd rather have the link to the most

Daniel, Very cool project. I'd been planning to design a radio for this project and then realized Hans already had one on the market. It just needs more software. The things you can do by

Reg, Understood. I will look forward to your work with the QMX. 73 Mike N2MS

Mike, The fact that it lets you head copy very weak signals without having to listen to the hiss of the QRN seems rather valuable in something such as the QMX. The synchronization to the sender is a

In the CCW articles I recall by Wes Hayward, (but can't find #$%$) CCW was described as integrating over dit frames and comparing the sums. However, I recall no mention of how much of a difference

Reg, I am aware of CCW by the work of Ray Petit years ago but what is the advantage of CCW over more modern modes such as PSK-31 or JSCall? The only advantage I see is that one can decode the signal

Wow, that brings back memories. I was one of the SMEs on the SCAMP program: Single Channel Anti-Jam Man Portable (SCAMP) Terminal (U) Overview (U): (U) The SCAMP provides the tactical warfighter

I developed a protocol that uses OOK or BFSK as the modulation layer. You can look at the specification

The fundamental concept is that every symbol is precisely the same length and is time aligned with all the other symbols sent during a QSO by the sender. The sender does not need better than TCXO

Mike, The speed can be infinitely variable, but 12, 16 & 24 have proven comfortable speeds and appears to be the range for most people who hand key. It's also convenient frame rates 100, 75 and 50

Daniel, Thank you. My copy of Shannon is MIA in my library, so I've relied on wikipedia :-( Big library, small book. The statistical test I proposed is equivalent to integration, but much cleaner

Interesting. How does one synchronize with the CCW signal? Does a transmisdion have to use a synchronizing preamble or do the users agree on a fixed symbol rate, such as 20 words per minute?

To understand better the Shannon limit of what you can send with on-off keying (which is what Morse Code is a special case of), you might want to look at this

Good. That means I can piggyback on your work :). Dave

I've had to think about it for years to get to this point!

I have to think about this before rendering an opinion. Thanks. DaveD

I've?been?working?on?the?general?concept?of?a?mashup?of?QRSS?and?CCW?in?earnest?for?the?last?few?weeks?and?have?an?algorithm?to?present.??The?algorithm?implements?a?sta