Hi Leo,
There are a couple of RX/TX relays in the FT-980. The most obvious one is the head which switches the path between the PA and the receiver. Three is another (multi-pole relay) on the REG board that switches a bunch of circuits. However, all these relays "default" to the RX position which would not match your symptoms (especially if the receiver was working when you switched it off).
I have found two potential things that DO cause this ... although the list is longer:
1. Intermittent connections, especially connector solder joints on the PCBs. A simple intermittent "RX G" or "RX 13.5V" line to one of any of the AF, RF or other boards would cause this. I had an intermittent connection on the BFO mixer xformer myself. These old single-sided PCBs are known for this type of thing.
2. BFO oscillator (or other independent oscillator) not starting up properly. This can happen due to parts going out of spec, flux contamination, etc. I had to replace a trimmer cap on an oscillator once to get the oscillator to start working again. You can sometimes debug these by switching the mode, and checking to see if you can receive in FM, but maybe not in SSB/CW (or some other combination). Then check the signal path charts in the technical manual.
If it happens again, I recommend first trying all different bands/modes/etc and see if it works in some but not others. Then, rotate the rig (yeah, I know it is heavy), and see if it is intermittent to mechanical displacement/vibration.
Just my thoughts,
Mat, N8TW
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-Mat Breton, N8TW