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Anlyzing and comparing Trinitite samples.


 

In my collections are a half-dozen unusual Trinitite samples. This series will examine them?using all the tools currently available in the Home lab.
Various sensors will be used, as well as a few Spectrum Techniques calibration sources, including Fe-55, Ba-133, I-129, Cs-137, Co-60 as needed.


This first picture of a scan is perhaps my most unusual Trinitite item, labeled as TM for this series.
Using Gamma Spec, it will be compared to RT (Red Trinitite) and GT (Green Trinitite)


First a picture of the 24 Hour scan of TM alone on an Amptek CdTe sensor in a lead shield.

Full range of this sensor is 0-411 keV and covers the main region of the spectrum currently being studied. Other sensors will be used to add to the information base to take full advantage of their unique capabilities.
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Each stage of the process is stopped in time when a particular peak in RT is equal to the corresponding peak in TM and recorded, allowing for frame by frame comparison of the similarities and differences between the two samples.
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Shown here is TM, first alone, then compared against RT(Red Trinitite) in posts to follow.
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?TM-Alone-Peak-Search-small.jpg
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Peak Search a feature in Amptek's control program for the sensor easily picks out the obvious Am-241 and daughters, Uranium L-Shell X-Rays, Cs-137, and Lead (Pb) Ka and Kb X-rays. We'll pay particular attention to Europium (Eu) traces as well.

Geo>K0FF


 

Now the TM scan is ghosted as a red outline, while the RT sample in solid? yellow has been started, then stopped at the first point where a major peak height corresponds to one in TM.
First to do so is ~40 keV, one of the key Eu-152 decay product X-Rays, being from either Sm or Gd depending which path a particular decay goes For the record, Eu-152 is said to be a neutron activation product of natural europium in the soil at Trinity Site It has a 13 year half-life and 71.88% of decays are by electron-capture mode, yielding a Sm-152 daughter, the rest of the time by beta-minus decay yielding a Gd-152 daughter. Sm Ka= 40.12, Kb= 45.40 while Gd Ka= 42.98, Kb= 48.72 (INL Gamma Ray Catalog). Other Trinitite studies often refer these as being Eu peaks, not bothering to individually assign them. Suffice to say NaI detectors would no doubt lump them and many other peaks together in top a jumble. We have at our disposal for the first time the technology to separate them.

Eu-Decay-Sm-Gd-X-Rays-small.jpg

Already from this single measurement we can predict that the Eu content of the two samples will prove to be different. There are several other Eu peaks higher in the spectrum that we will address later.

Geo>K0FF



 

After more time has passed, noted in the parameter bar on the right, in seconds, the next peaks coincide.?
These are in the U and Np L shell peak trio at the left end, corresponding to Am-241 decay product Np-137 La, Lb and Lg X-Rays and very near but not overlapping, Uranium's La-Lb-Lg X-Rays.

The Np peaks are a given, when you have a predominant 59.5, there will 100% of decays be Np daughter and the yield of the Np-X-ray as well as the variety of Gamma Rays is well documented.

U-Np-L-X-Rays-balanced-notes-small.jpg

Note that the Am-241 peak at 59.5 has not balanced yet. This is important being part of the proof that the U-Np L shell X-Ray peaks truly do contain more than just Np contribution. Where do the Uranium peaks come from? Remember, the daughter element is where the X-Rays come from. What is making fresh Uranium in here? One path is by XRF of old Uranium, the other is the formation of new U-234 in the U-238 decay chain, and the 3rd most obvious way is decay of Plutonium isotopes into Uranium atoms.


We know there is or at least was Plutonium present in these samples. Am-241 is the daughter of Pu-241, the only common long lived Pu isotope to beta decay. The others decay by alpha particle and lead directly to one of several Uranium daughters. and those of course will have U X-Rays

Notice too the Pb/Bi X-Rays (La-Lb) ~72-85 keV . This opens a whole new discussion avenue concerning lower daughters.

Geo>K0ff


 

After scanning the red Trinitite for 16,500 seconds (~4.6Hr) the Cs-137 fission product has caught up in the RT sample to equal the count of the TM sample (which was scanned for 86,400Secs = 24Hrs). It would seem that the red Trinitite has approximately 5 times the radioactivity in these specific energies, while the TM holds a vastly larger quantity of certain energies, especially those in the expected lower daughter ranges 72-75 and again at 84 keV.

Still the TM holds more at 59.5 keV. The test continues until 59.5 is balanced, then stopped, we will make some assumptions and open a discussion then. Also full .mca files (covers whole 0-411 keV rage at once) are available if anyone wants? to repeat the sequence for themselves on their own samples.


32keV-balanced.png

Some of the red ghost peaks can be accounted for by cadmium and Te escape peaks inside the detector, generated by the very large peaks higher in the spectrum. Also there can be coincidence peaks higher in the spectrum, likely considering the rather high nearly monochromatic peaks in this view.
Geo>K0FF


 
Edited



Meantime I found Strontium in Trinitite with the Si-PIN and XRF- next to see if it's Sr-Y-90 type.

Sr is in blue

Big_Green_Strontium_XRF-small.jpg


 






This chart is from an article (attributed below) showing the mass spectrometer analysis of ordinary Trinity area desert sand contains 0.62% FeO and only 0.02% SrO in its natural state.

Desert-Sand-Mass-Spectrometer-Chart.jpg

"A synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy study of titanium co-ordination in explosive melt glass derived from the trinity nuclear test"?

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Link:


Geo