Welcome to the XRF Wiki. This Wiki is a repository of information contributed by members of [email protected]. Members can view and edit the pages. The pages are currently not viewable by the public. The pages below represent a rough overview of the technology and techniques associated with X-Ray Florescence Spectroscopy as well as serving as a place for members to organize the spectra that they have contributed to the forum.?
As a starting point, the pages will be populated by information taken from member posts from the past few years - with references/attribution. Perhaps in time, these pages can be edited by members to make them more complete and less choppy. Members can also edit this page, making the structure of the content more organized.?
Pages can contain information about a particular topic, links to relevant resources (such as manuals, research papers, etc.), links to relevant forum discussions on the topic, book titles, or anything that might be useful.
What follows is very much a work in progress.
?
Adding to the Wiki
For those unfamiliar with the Wiki phenomenon, it is basically a user editable encyclopedia. The idea is that there are pages with different articles, which the user can read and also choose to edit if desired. If a piece of information is incorrect, a link outdated, or the presentation choppy or unclear, the user can just click "Edit Page" at the bottom and then fix the mistake. There is also a "Page History," so if you a user were to make a mistake or maliciously destroy a page (which wouldn't happen here) an editor can come along and restore the page to a previous version.?
If you have used MediaWiki (the engine that runs behind the scene of Wikipedia.org) you will be familiar with a certain style of creating an article. There are tags that one uses to change the formatting of the parts of the article. The Wiki on Groups.io uses a different background engine and so the standard MediaWiki syntax does not apply here. Rather, the page is edited using the same tools as one would use to compose a message on the forums. If you are a programmer or someone who likes using the tagged syntax directly, you can access the underlying page source code, be activating the advanced editing toolbar (the icon with three lines on the far right of the basic toolbar) and then clicking on the source code icon <> on the far right of the Advance Editing Toolbar. You will immediately notice that the underlying source code is HTML. Most things can be done just by using the various icons, but advanced features like table can only be implemented by manually writing the source code. (Although there are website available that will generate the source code for you through a graphical interface.)
This section describes the hardware used for XRF. We will describe the basic theory of operation of each stage in the processing tool chain and then present different commercial systems that are available as these systems are often integrated together.
[Editor note: General theory needs to be in an independent page separate from specific manufacturer information.
[Editor note - question: Should this be arranged by category, e.g detectors, preamps, etc or by manufacturer with the manufacturers product line on one page. Perhaps it's best to put a list of products with theory but the details of the products on a manufacture page...]
Detectors?- what's available, theory of operation, tradeoffs
Detector Cooling?- keeping detectors cool to avoid thermal noise and keeping the TEC from overheating
Preamps?- theory of operation, brief summary of what out there (and what not to do - such as trying to use a PMT preamp for a SiPIN diode...)
Pulse Processing Theory - high level overview of the stages of going from detector pulse to channel peaks on the computer
Commercial Systems - many commercial systems are integrated so it seems to make sense to present, for example all Amptek products together. [question: are their other affordable integrated systems besides Amptek?]
Yes the tungsten would be on the angled part, just at the beryllium window. The copper rod helps carry away the heat as most of the electrons are turned into heat.
What a mess and someone knew, hoping to pass it off as shipping damage?
I would suspect considerable lead glass in the envelope.
From: "Nick Andrews" <nickjandrews@...> To: "XRF" <[email protected]> Sent: Saturday, August 1, 2020 2:55:36 AM Subject: Re: [XRF] Impulse offer accepted...
I think someone has been into it already,? unless the threaded hole in the copper central rod was simply from manufacturing.? The zip ties seen in auction listing pictures aren't on it,? just some packing tape.? ?
Not seeing the target,? unless the silvery spot on angled end of the rod is a piece of W.? Or is the silver ring around the window part of it?? ?The Be window might be salvageable.?
Most of the oil was gone from the cavity.? While there was blue paint on one screw at each joint,? that could easily be a dot of applied loctite or something.?
If you get to keep it with a full refund, maybe you can scrap it for the tungsten and other XRF-able elements inside?
Geo
----- Original Message ----- From: Nick Andrews <nickjandrews@...> To: [email protected] Sent: Fri, 31 Jul 2020 18:59:59 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Re: [XRF] Impulse offer accepted...
Well carp.? I finally got to the office and opened this up.? It's huge,? bigger than I expected.? ?Rattling noise sounds like a broken glass tube inside.? I imagine I should be able to open the housing and confirm.? Don't think it could be anything else.? ?Hope they don't hassle me about a return or refund.?
Guys I'm not familiar with that tube but I swear I saw a power supply for that 125- number recently. Maybe do a Google or even eBay search for that model # see what comes up. tick "include description".
The tag says tungsten target, that's good. So the tube has "a lot of potential" pun intended.
Not sure what it was originally used with.? But I have a few power supplies around here.? Several of the Glassman but they are -50kV as set up now.? Not sure how fine the control on those is but intend to do a test using precision pots to see how low the current can be managed.
I also have a Lixi PS-500 that has very fine control on the PS.? Not super high voltage either.
And I do happen to have a PGT HPGe unit!
On Fri, Jul 10, 2020 at 4:53 PM Dude <dfemer@...> wrote:
What does the HV plug in to? They don¡¯t show the end of the connector. What power supply does it use. Looks good enough to dose yourself with. It would be be nice with a CdTe or HPGe detector for high end XRF.
Well, I should've thought more before making offers, right?? Looks like a nice one though and up to 125kV, 10W tube.? Any thoughts?
--
Nick A
--
Nick A
"You know what I wish?? I wish that all the scum of the world had but a single throat, and I had my hands about it..."? Rorschach, 1975
"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."- Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania, 1759
"Suburbia is where the developer bulldozes out the trees, then names the streets after them." Bill Vaughan
"The price of apathy towards public affairs is to be ruled by evil men." Plato
I think someone has been into it already,? unless the threaded hole in the copper central rod was simply from manufacturing.? The zip ties seen in auction listing pictures aren't on it,? just some packing tape.? ?
Not seeing the target,? unless the silvery spot on angled end of the rod is a piece of W.? Or is the silver ring around the window part of it?? ?The Be window might be salvageable.?
Most of the oil was gone from the cavity.? While there was blue paint on one screw at each joint,? that could easily be a dot of applied loctite or something.?
If you get to keep it with a full refund, maybe you can scrap it for the tungsten and other XRF-able elements inside?
Geo
----- Original Message ----- From: Nick Andrews <nickjandrews@...> To: [email protected] Sent: Fri, 31 Jul 2020 18:59:59 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Re: [XRF] Impulse offer accepted...
Well carp.? I finally got to the office and opened this up.? It's huge,? bigger than I expected.? ?Rattling noise sounds like a broken glass tube inside.? I imagine I should be able to open the housing and confirm.? Don't think it could be anything else.? ?Hope they don't hassle me about a return or refund.?
Guys I'm not familiar with that tube but I swear I saw a power supply for that 125- number recently. Maybe do a Google or even eBay search for that model # see what comes up. tick "include description".
The tag says tungsten target, that's good. So the tube has "a lot of potential" pun intended.
Not sure what it was originally used with.? But I have a few power supplies around here.? Several of the Glassman but they are -50kV as set up now.? Not sure how fine the control on those is but intend to do a test using precision pots to see how low the current can be managed.
I also have a Lixi PS-500 that has very fine control on the PS.? Not super high voltage either.
And I do happen to have a PGT HPGe unit!
On Fri, Jul 10, 2020 at 4:53 PM Dude <dfemer@...> wrote:
What does the HV plug in to? They don¡¯t show the end of the connector. What power supply does it use. Looks good enough to dose yourself with. It would be be nice with a CdTe or HPGe detector for high end XRF.
Well, I should've thought more before making offers, right?? Looks like a nice one though and up to 125kV, 10W tube.? Any thoughts?
--
Nick A
--
Nick A
"You know what I wish?? I wish that all the scum of the world had but a single throat, and I had my hands about it..."? Rorschach, 1975
"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."- Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania, 1759
"Suburbia is where the developer bulldozes out the trees, then names the streets after them." Bill Vaughan
"The price of apathy towards public affairs is to be ruled by evil men." Plato
----- Original Message ----- From: geoelectronics at rallstech.net <geoelectronics@...> To: [email protected] Sent: Fri, 31 Jul 2020 19:54:05 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Re: [XRF] Impulse offer accepted...
If you get to keep it with a full refund, maybe you can scrap it for the tungsten and other XRF-able elements inside?
Geo
----- Original Message ----- From: Nick Andrews <nickjandrews@...> To: [email protected] Sent: Fri, 31 Jul 2020 18:59:59 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Re: [XRF] Impulse offer accepted...
Well carp.? I finally got to the office and opened this up.? It's huge,? bigger than I expected.? ?Rattling noise sounds like a broken glass tube inside.? I imagine I should be able to open the housing and confirm.? Don't think it could be anything else.? ?Hope they don't hassle me about a return or refund.?
Guys I'm not familiar with that tube but I swear I saw a power supply for that 125- number recently. Maybe do a Google or even eBay search for that model # see what comes up. tick "include description".
The tag says tungsten target, that's good. So the tube has "a lot of potential" pun intended.
Not sure what it was originally used with.? But I have a few power supplies around here.? Several of the Glassman but they are -50kV as set up now.? Not sure how fine the control on those is but intend to do a test using precision pots to see how low the current can be managed.
I also have a Lixi PS-500 that has very fine control on the PS.? Not super high voltage either.
And I do happen to have a PGT HPGe unit!
On Fri, Jul 10, 2020 at 4:53 PM Dude <dfemer@...> wrote:
What does the HV plug in to? They don¡¯t show the end of the connector. What power supply does it use. Looks good enough to dose yourself with. It would be be nice with a CdTe or HPGe detector for high end XRF.
Well, I should've thought more before making offers, right?? Looks like a nice one though and up to 125kV, 10W tube.? Any thoughts?
--
Nick A
--
Nick A
"You know what I wish?? I wish that all the scum of the world had but a single throat, and I had my hands about it..."? Rorschach, 1975
"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."- Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania, 1759
"Suburbia is where the developer bulldozes out the trees, then names the streets after them." Bill Vaughan
"The price of apathy towards public affairs is to be ruled by evil men." Plato
----- Original Message ----- From: Nick Andrews <nickjandrews@...> To: [email protected] Sent: Fri, 31 Jul 2020 18:59:59 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Re: [XRF] Impulse offer accepted...
Well carp.? I finally got to the office and opened this up.? It's huge,? bigger than I expected.? ?Rattling noise sounds like a broken glass tube inside.? I imagine I should be able to open the housing and confirm.? Don't think it could be anything else.? ?Hope they don't hassle me about a return or refund.?
Guys I'm not familiar with that tube but I swear I saw a power supply for that 125- number recently. Maybe do a Google or even eBay search for that model # see what comes up. tick "include description".
The tag says tungsten target, that's good. So the tube has "a lot of potential" pun intended.
Not sure what it was originally used with.? But I have a few power supplies around here.? Several of the Glassman but they are -50kV as set up now.? Not sure how fine the control on those is but intend to do a test using precision pots to see how low the current can be managed.
I also have a Lixi PS-500 that has very fine control on the PS.? Not super high voltage either.
And I do happen to have a PGT HPGe unit!
On Fri, Jul 10, 2020 at 4:53 PM Dude <dfemer@...> wrote:
What does the HV plug in to? They don¡¯t show the end of the connector. What power supply does it use. Looks good enough to dose yourself with. It would be be nice with a CdTe or HPGe detector for high end XRF.
Well, I should've thought more before making offers, right?? Looks like a nice one though and up to 125kV, 10W tube.? Any thoughts?
--
Nick A
--
Nick A
"You know what I wish?? I wish that all the scum of the world had but a single throat, and I had my hands about it..."? Rorschach, 1975
"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."- Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania, 1759
"Suburbia is where the developer bulldozes out the trees, then names the streets after them." Bill Vaughan
"The price of apathy towards public affairs is to be ruled by evil men." Plato
Well carp.? I finally got to the office and opened this up.? It's huge,? bigger than I expected.? ?Rattling noise sounds like a broken glass tube inside.? I imagine I should be able to open the housing and confirm.? Don't think it could be anything else.? ?Hope they don't hassle me about a return or refund.?
Guys I'm not familiar with that tube but I swear I saw a power supply for that 125- number recently. Maybe do a Google or even eBay search for that model # see what comes up. tick "include description".
The tag says tungsten target, that's good. So the tube has "a lot of potential" pun intended.
Not sure what it was originally used with.? But I have a few power supplies around here.? Several of the Glassman but they are -50kV as set up now.? Not sure how fine the control on those is but intend to do a test using precision pots to see how low the current can be managed.
I also have a Lixi PS-500 that has very fine control on the PS.? Not super high voltage either.
And I do happen to have a PGT HPGe unit!
On Fri, Jul 10, 2020 at 4:53 PM Dude <dfemer@...> wrote:
What does the HV plug in to? They don¡¯t show the end of the
connector. What power supply does it use. Looks good enough to dose yourself
with. It would be be nice with a CdTe or HPGe detector for high end XRF.
Well, I should've thought more before making offers,
right?? Looks like a nice one though and up to 125kV, 10W tube.? Any
thoughts?
--
Nick A
--
Nick A
"You know what I wish?? I wish that all the scum of the world had but a single throat, and I had my hands about it..."? Rorschach, 1975
"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."- Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania, 1759
"Suburbia is where the developer bulldozes out the trees, then names the streets after them." Bill Vaughan
"The price of apathy towards public affairs is to be ruled by evil men." Plato
Some things to watch for and test: All of these were found and tested in-situ with pocket Gamma-Spec and/or collected for Home Lab analysis.
F-18 used in PET-CT as the source for positron radiation from patients. Shows up in urine, and on coffee cups/napkins used by patients while the radiotracer "soaks in" before the test.
Relatively long life Ge-68 cow is inside PET-CT used to calibrate the machine and shielded during actual tests. Ge-68 decays to Gd-68 which is a positron emitter. Usually there is enough leakage outside the scanner to detect and measure it even when shielded,
and even while mobile in PET-CT trailers on the roads.
Tc-99m- the metastable short half-life radiotracer used extensively in diagnostic tests. Samples are taken by urine, bathroom swabs of urine, coffee cups in the snack bar, often just about anywhere a patient sweats, licks, sneezes or touches a surface. I reported
something like this in the hospital snack bar one time and got arrested for my concern.
Mo-99- the parent of Tc-99m, is used in a cow to make Tc-99m. In our hospital it sits in a small room, on the wall that is shared on the other side by a couch in the waiting room! Easy to measure through that wall.
Co-57 in the form of a large "flood source". Used to calibrate gamma-camera unit. Strong enough to be measured through the hospital's brick walls, outside in the parking area., even when stored in it's roll around shield (which is stored against an outside
wall..
X-Ray machines, cyclotrons, neutron generators (cancer treatment by boron) - all types. Rays widely varied energy-wise by purpose, are everywhere to a sensitive detector. Wave-shapes are sometimes bizarre.
Even more, varied items are on the roads, streets , vehicles and grounds just about everywhere.
On 18 Jul 2020, at 11:34 PM, GEOelectronics@... wrote:
?Hospital Rad Prospecting:
Some things to watch for and test: All of these were found and tested in-situ with pocket Gamma-Spec and/or collected for Home Lab analysis.
F-18 used in PET-CT as the source for positron radiation from patients. Shows up in urine, and on coffee cups/napkins used by patients while the radiotracer "soaks in" before the test.
Relatively long life Ge-68 cow is inside PET-CT used to calibrate the machine and shielded during actual tests. Ge-68 decays to Gd-68 which is a positron emitter. Usually there is enough leakage outside the scanner to detect and measure it even when shielded, and even while mobile in PET-CT trailers on the roads.
Tc-99m- the metastable short half-life radiotracer used extensively in diagnostic tests. Samples are taken by urine, bathroom swabs of urine, coffee cups in the snack bar, often just about anywhere a patient sweats, licks, sneezes or touches a surface. I reported something like this in the hospital snack bar one time and got arrested for my concern.
Mo-99- the parent of Tc-99m, is used in a cow to make Tc-99m. In our hospital it sits in a small room, on the wall that is shared on the other side by a couch in the waiting room! Easy to measure through that wall.
Co-57 in the form of a large "flood source". Used to calibrate gamma-camera unit. Strong enough to be measured through the hospital's brick walls, outside in the parking area., even when stored in it's roll around shield (which is stored against an outside wall..
X-Ray machines, cyclotrons, neutron generators (cancer treatment by boron) - all types. Rays widely varied energy-wise by purpose, are everywhere to a sensitive detector. Wave-shapes are sometimes bizarre.
Even more, varied items are on the roads, streets , vehicles and grounds just about everywhere.
Some things to watch for and test: All of these were found and tested in-situ with pocket Gamma-Spec and/or collected for Home Lab analysis.
F-18 used in PET-CT as the source for positron radiation from patients. Shows up in urine, and on coffee cups/napkins used by patients while the radiotracer "soaks in" before the test.
Relatively long life Ge-68 cow is inside PET-CT used to calibrate the machine and shielded during actual tests. Ge-68 decays to Gd-68 which is a positron emitter. Usually there is enough leakage outside the scanner to detect and measure it even when shielded,
and even while mobile in PET-CT trailers on the roads.
Tc-99m- the metastable short half-life radiotracer used extensively in diagnostic tests. Samples are taken by urine, bathroom swabs of urine, coffee cups in the snack bar, often just about anywhere a patient sweats, licks, sneezes or touches a surface. I reported
something like this in the hospital snack bar one time and got arrested for my concern.
Mo-99- the parent of Tc-99m, is used in a cow to make Tc-99m. In our hospital it sits in a small room, on the wall that is shared on the other side by a couch in the waiting room! Easy to measure through that wall.
Co-57 in the form of a large "flood source". Used to calibrate gamma-camera unit. Strong enough to be measured through the hospital's brick walls, outside in the parking area., even when stored in it's roll around shield (which is stored against an outside
wall..
X-Ray machines, cyclotrons, neutron generators (cancer treatment by boron) - all types. Rays widely varied energy-wise by purpose, are everywhere to a sensitive detector. Wave-shapes are sometimes bizarre.
Even more, varied items are on the roads, streets , vehicles and grounds just about everywhere.
Some things to watch for and test: All of these were found and tested in-situ with pocket Gamma-Spec and/or collected for Home Lab analysis.
F-18 used in PET-CT as the source for positron radiation from patients. Shows up in urine, and on coffee cups/napkins used by patients while the radiotracer "soaks in" before the test.
Relatively long life Ge-68 cow is inside PET-CT used to calibrate the machine and shielded during actual tests. Ge-68 decays to Gd-68 which is a positron emitter. Usually there is enough leakage outside the scanner to detect and measure it even when shielded, and even while mobile in PET-CT trailers on the roads.
Tc-99m- the metastable short half-life radiotracer used extensively in diagnostic tests. Samples are taken by urine, bathroom swabs of urine, coffee cups in the snack bar, often just about anywhere a patient sweats, licks, sneezes or touches a surface. I reported something like this in the hospital snack bar one time and got arrested for my concern.
Mo-99- the parent of Tc-99m, is used in a cow to make Tc-99m. In our hospital it sits in a small room, on the wall that is shared on the other side by a couch in the waiting room! Easy to measure through that wall.
Co-57 in the form of a large "flood source". Used to calibrate gamma-camera unit. Strong enough to be measured through the hospital's brick walls, outside in the parking area., even when stored in it's roll around shield (which is stored against an outside wall..
X-Ray machines, cyclotrons, neutron generators (cancer treatment by boron) - all types. Rays widely varied energy-wise by purpose, are everywhere to a sensitive detector. Wave-shapes are sometimes bizarre.
Even more, varied items are on the roads, streets , vehicles and grounds just about everywhere.
A Google search produced a paper that suggests the biological half-life of iodine in a person with euthyroid (normal) thyroid function to be about 66-days, 38-days for someone with overactive (hyperthyroid) thyroid function, and 29-days for someone with underactive (hypothyroid) thyroid function.? Uptake fractions (the faction of administered iodine absorbed into the thyroid) were listed as 0.144 (14.4%) for euthyroid, 0.314 (31.4%) for hyperthyroid, and 0.045 (4.5%) for hypothyroid.
?
The chemical form of the iodine administered can also affect its uptake fraction and biological retention function.
?
If radioactive iodine had been administered, then the ¡®elimination¡¯ from the body would follow a half-life that is a function of both the biological elimination plus radioactive decay.? This combined elimination function is referred to as ¡°effective¡± half-life, and incorporated both the biological half-life and the radiological half-life.? The combined effect can be calculated much in the same way as one calculates the resistance of a pair of resistors in parallel,? (R1*R2) ¡Â (R1+R2).? Thus, if a patient with euthyroid (normal) thyroid function received Iodine-131 with a radiological half-life of 8.03-days, when combined with the biological half-life of 66.1-days, the effective half-life would be:? (8.03 * 66.1) ¡Â (8.03 + 66.1) = 7.16 days.
?
Here¡¯s a link to a different paper from the University of Michigan that contains some interesting information about I-131 retention in the human body:
This paper lists a different biological half-life and a different uptake fraction, but it gives one an idea of how I-131 behaves in the human body.
?
Since your test involved stable (non-radioactive) iodine, there is no radioactive decay, and the clearance from the body should be strictly a function of biological retention in the body, which should follow the biological half-life of 66.1 days.? The majority will probably end up being eliminated in urine, but a small fraction will probably also be lost through fecal elimination.?
Good. If it were damaged, you would know it- the window is also the vacuum seal, when they break, it's like a pancake popping. Once when at the peak of the continental divide in NM a pancake popped in the back, I pulled over to check the truck, thot it caught a bullet or something it was so loud. That divide is only a little over 7200 Ft altitude.
Nick, do check the window on your GEO-1-2-3. That's the only thing we worry about in shipping.
Geo
From: "Nick Andrews" <nickjandrews@...> To: "XRF" <[email protected]> Sent: Wednesday, July 15, 2020 10:18:32 AM Subject: Re: [XRF] Xrf burnt bulb
Nice work!? I'm getting anxious to join the fun.? Busy with work and moving junk though.
On Wed, Jul 15, 2020 at 9:12 AM taray singh via <sukhjez=[email protected]> wrote:
Xrf ?burnt bulb?
Using Rap47 and Am241 exciter
15W??bulb ..not 15 tungsten bulbs...
20x54 mm
The??xrf was done in a lead castle large enough to prevent scatter from the shield?
A tungsten metal plate used as a reference?
No glass was shattered during this test
This is??one of my rare good pics
Taray
--
Nick A
"You know what I wish?? I wish that all the scum of the world had but a single throat, and I had my hands about it..."? Rorschach, 1975
"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."- Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania, 1759
"Suburbia is where the developer bulldozes out the trees, then names the streets after them." Bill Vaughan
"The price of apathy towards public affairs is to be ruled by evil men." Plato
--
Nick A
"You know what I wish?? I wish that all the scum of the world had but a single throat, and I had my hands about it..."? Rorschach, 1975
"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."- Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania, 1759
"Suburbia is where the developer bulldozes out the trees, then names the streets after them." Bill Vaughan
"The price of apathy towards public affairs is to be ruled by evil men." Plato
From: "taray singh via groups.io" <sukhjez@...> To: "XRF" <[email protected]> Sent: Wednesday, July 15, 2020 10:53:54 AM Subject: Re: [XRF] Xrf burnt bulb
Xrf does not care whether it¡¯s burned or burnt.
On 15 Jul 2020, at 11:21 PM, GEOelectronics@... wrote:
" 15W??bulb ..not 15 tungsten bulbs..."
haha, good joke? for XRF people!
An incandescent bulb is a rich source of XRF-able elements. In yours I see copper, maybe zinc (in the brass), tin, lead (solder), molybdenum (wires that hold filament), iron (in the base insulator maybe-Steatite), nickel (DUMET lead-in wire) and glass-to-metal-seal (temperature matched to the glass used).
Also there is an inert fill gas which can be analyzed by color emission even in an burned out bulb, by touching a HV-High Frequency or RF generator to the outside of the bulb glass.
Great fun
Geo
From: "taray singh via groups.io" <sukhjez@...> To: "XRF" <[email protected]> Sent: Wednesday, July 15, 2020 9:12:48 AM Subject: [XRF] Xrf burnt bulb
Xrf ?burnt bulb?
Using Rap47 and Am241 exciter
15W??bulb ..not 15 tungsten bulbs...
20x54 mm
The??xrf was done in a lead castle large enough to prevent scatter from the shield?
On 15 Jul 2020, at 11:21 PM, GEOelectronics@... wrote:
?
" 15W??bulb ..not 15 tungsten bulbs..."
haha, good joke? for XRF people!
An incandescent bulb is a rich source of XRF-able elements. In yours I see copper, maybe zinc (in the brass), tin, lead (solder), molybdenum (wires that hold filament), iron (in the base insulator maybe-Steatite), nickel (DUMET lead-in wire) and glass-to-metal-seal (temperature matched to the glass used).
Also there is an inert fill gas which can be analyzed by color emission even in an burned out bulb, by touching a HV-High Frequency or RF generator to the outside of the bulb glass.
Great fun
Geo
From: "taray singh via groups.io" <sukhjez@...> To: "XRF" <[email protected]> Sent: Wednesday, July 15, 2020 9:12:48 AM Subject: [XRF] Xrf burnt bulb
Xrf ?burnt bulb?
Using Rap47 and Am241 exciter
15W??bulb ..not 15 tungsten bulbs...
20x54 mm
The??xrf was done in a lead castle large enough to prevent scatter from the shield?
Nick, do check the window on your GEO-1-2-3. That's the only thing we worry about in shipping.
Geo
From: "Nick Andrews" <nickjandrews@...> To: "XRF" <[email protected]> Sent: Wednesday, July 15, 2020 10:18:32 AM Subject: Re: [XRF] Xrf burnt bulb
Nice work!? I'm getting anxious to join the fun.? Busy with work and moving junk though.
On Wed, Jul 15, 2020 at 9:12 AM taray singh via <sukhjez=[email protected]> wrote:
Xrf ?burnt bulb?
Using Rap47 and Am241 exciter
15W??bulb ..not 15 tungsten bulbs...
20x54 mm
The??xrf was done in a lead castle large enough to prevent scatter from the shield?
A tungsten metal plate used as a reference?
No glass was shattered during this test
This is??one of my rare good pics
Taray
--
Nick A
"You know what I wish?? I wish that all the scum of the world had but a single throat, and I had my hands about it..."? Rorschach, 1975
"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."- Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania, 1759
"Suburbia is where the developer bulldozes out the trees, then names the streets after them." Bill Vaughan
"The price of apathy towards public affairs is to be ruled by evil men." Plato
--
Nick A
"You know what I wish?? I wish that all the scum of the world had but a single throat, and I had my hands about it..."? Rorschach, 1975
"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."- Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania, 1759
"Suburbia is where the developer bulldozes out the trees, then names the streets after them." Bill Vaughan
"The price of apathy towards public affairs is to be ruled by evil men." Plato
Nick Andrews
