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Telethons 2445
Hey,?
I just joined the group and my name is Walter, KA2NJF I am 80 years old. My Tektronix is in need of service. Is there any service deposit or any one in the South Jersey or South East PA who works on this piece of equipment? I can not get any frequency reading above 20 MHZ and this is a 150 MHZ scope.? Thanks,? Walt, KA2NJF?
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Walt - Is the 20 Mhz BW Limit pushbutton (located directly above the Ch2 Volts/Div knob) depressed? If it is not depressed, perhaps the switch has gotten dirty and cycling it a few times will resolve your issue? Dave Casey On Fri, Oct 13, 2023 at 3:25?PM Walt KA2NJF via <wmilton2359=[email protected]> wrote:
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Davy,
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I have tried recycling all the switches, push buttons, and rotary switches with no change in the Tek 2445 response. I even looked for a master reset switch. I have tried recycling the push buttons, switchs and rotary switches on and off for the past three or four days. The last time I remember it working was a month or so ago. If you come up with any more suggestions I am all ears.? Thanks,? Walt, KA2NJF? On Friday, October 13, 2023, 17:40, Dave Casey <polara413@...> wrote:
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Take a 20 Mhz square wave and look at it on 20 Mhz bandwidth, then go to full bandwidth.? If that doesn't give two different results, then that tells you a lot.
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Harvey On 10/13/2023 8:07 PM, Walt KA2NJF via groups.io wrote:
Davy, |
The 2445 is largely "fly-by-wire" and as a result, most all of the
controls are passed through the A5/CPU before they get to the controlled function. In the case of the 20MHz BW switch, it will control a green annunciator light. The signal that controls that light also controls a transistor switch in the vertical hybrid IC. Virtually all 2445's have reached an age where the fan will need servicing, and the power supply electrolytic capacitors will need replacing. Otherwise it is very reliable. -Chuck Harris On Fri, 13 Oct 2023 16:39:57 -0500 "Dave Casey" <polara413@...> wrote: Walt - |
Harvey,
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At the present time I have nothing to generate a 20 MHZ signal with. Will it work with a 20 MHZ RF signal ?? Walt? On Friday, October 13, 2023, 21:45, Harvey White <madyn@...> wrote:
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I'd say anything between 10 and 20.? What you're looking for is the effect of the 20 Mhz bandwidth reduction.? The higher the frequency, the more obvious.
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Do NOT couple a transmitter directly into the scope, use a dummy load on the transmitter, and pick up a signal with a wire loop. SA's and Scopes cannot tolerate wattage from a transformer.? You could use a 5 Mhz square wave and look for the edge to see how it changes, that works, too. Harvey On 10/13/2023 11:33 PM, Walt KA2NJF via groups.io wrote:
Harvey, |
Harvey,
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The test equipment I have is:? ? 1. Wavetek Signal Generator? 2. HP 410C VTVM? 3. Sinometer Frequency Counter? 4. Tel 2445 Scope? It looks like I will have to purchase some more equipment if funds let me !!? I will remove the case and blow out the dust and look at the fan. I will reoil it if possible.? I don¡¯t have a service manual.? Walt? On Saturday, October 14, 2023, 00:34, Harvey White <madyn@...> wrote:
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Ok, how fast is the wavetek signal generator?
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if it's at least 2 mhz, and can put out a square wave, then try that.? You're looking for significant edge rounding at any frequency from 2 Mhz on (the higher, the more rounding) in the 20 Mhz position.? You need about 10x the bandwidth to reproduce a decent square wave.? i.e. 2 Mhz needs 20 Mhz bandwidth because of the harmonics that make the square wave square.? That's why I suggested something around 10 to 20 Mhz.? You'd be able to see the effects.? The closer to the 2 Mhz you get (and below), the less you'll see the effect of the bandwidth. See if tek WIKI has the service manual. If you can breadboard a TTL oscillator, that might help.? Same restrictions on frequency. Harvey On 10/14/2023 12:02 PM, Walt KA2NJF via groups.io wrote:
Harvey, |
Harvey,
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My WaveTek does not support square wave generation.? Walt? On Saturday, October 14, 2023, 13:51, Harvey White <madyn@...> wrote:
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Can you breadboard TTL?
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1K in series, 5.0 volt P-P sine wave, diodes to VCC and GND to limit what the gate input sees, use any schmidt trigger (74LS14, etc) to produce a pulse output, then run that through a few gates (same package) to neaten it up, and you have an emergency square wave generator. Harvey On 10/15/2023 12:19 PM, Walt KA2NJF via groups.io wrote:
Harvey, |
Harvey,?
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Can you draw that up for me. I have to be very careful since my right hand shakes when it wants to. I do have a plug in breadboard that I can use. The Schmidt trigger chip I will look a see if I have any. If not then I will purchase some.? Walt On Sunday, October 15, 2023, 12:44, Harvey White <madyn@...> wrote:
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Something like this should be OK.
Make sure the IC is properly decoupled with minimal lead lengths. The rule of thumb for the risetime of a scope/probe combination is tr=0.35/BW, so a 100MHz scope should show a 3.5ns risetime. On 15/10/2023, Walt KA2NJF via groups.io <wmilton2359@...> wrote: Harvey, |
I can, but first, you realize that this is nothing more than a bandwidth check and a very crude one?? Your function generator ought to go to to 10 Mhz or so.
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If it does triangle waves, you can use a triangle instead of a square (just different harmonics but still needs them).? If the triangle starts to round with 20 Mhz bandwidth in, and is reasonably sharp at 20 Mhz bandwidth out, then you've done the same thing. If the bandwidth is limited, then you'll see that the triangle looks a lot like a sine instead of a proper triangle. You don't absolutely need a schmidt trigger, I'm just being a purist. What PC board layout programs do you have?? They have schematic capture.? Kicad is one.? I personally use an old version of EAGLE, so I could deliver this to you as a picture without you having to do anything. First, though, how high a frequency can your function generator do? Harvey On 10/15/2023 3:20 PM, Walt KA2NJF via groups.io wrote:
Harvey, |
That ought to do it.
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Harvey On 10/15/2023 4:06 PM, Tom Gardner wrote:
Something like this should be OK. |
Harvey,?
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I don¡¯t have a function generator. My WaveTek function generator does Just RF. Also I don¡¯t have a cad program on hand.? I plan on taking the cover off the scope. I can then blow out the dust and see if I can apply some Deoxid D5 to the push buttons and switches.? Then I¡¯ll see how high of a signal it will take. I have not seen any magic smoke leave the unit so my hopes are high. I will let you know how I make out.? Thanks for all your help and assistance !! Walt? On Sunday, October 15, 2023, 16:42, Harvey White <madyn@...> wrote:
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OK, then that makes all sorts of sense.? With the RF generator, if you can put out a 10 to 20 Mhz signal, then see what happens with the bandwidth change.? It ought to go down in amplitude with the bandwidth limit.
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Everything else was on the assumption that you had function generator that put out square waves.? Many of them do.? Perhaps you're thinking of an RF signal generator.? Not the same thing. This was a quick, cobble together test. Please search the list for specifics on this oscilloscope.? There might be something specific to your problem.? I'm NOT the expert on these scopes, and all I can provide are some hints to help in troubleshooting, and even then, only so much. Harvey On 10/15/2023 7:22 PM, Walt KA2NJF via groups.io wrote:
Harvey, |
IIRC, this scope has a calibration output that increases frequency as you reduce the timebase, so that it always "looks" the same on the CRT until you get to the shortest sweep times, where rounding of the signal appears.
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I would connect one of the input channels to the cal-out and reduce the timebase (turn the knob CW) until the signal starts to "round." Then, press the BW button and see if it has any effect, which it should. This will at least tell you if the problem is with the BW control circuit or not.
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Doug ---------- Original Message ---------- From: "Harvey White" <madyn@...> To: [email protected] Subject: Re: [TekScopes2] Telethons 2445 Date: Sun, 15 Oct 2023 21:04:14 -0400 OK, then that makes all sorts of sense.? With the RF generator, if you can put out a 10 to 20 Mhz signal, then see what happens with the bandwidth change.? It ought to go down in amplitude with the bandwidth limit. Everything else was on the assumption that you had function generator that put out square waves.? Many of them do.? Perhaps you're thinking of an RF signal generator.? Not the same thing. This was a quick, cobble together test. Please search the list for specifics on this oscilloscope.? There might be something specific to your problem.? I'm NOT the expert on these scopes, and all I can provide are some hints to help in troubleshooting, and even then, only so much. Harvey On 10/15/2023 7:22 PM, Walt KA2NJF via groups.io wrote: > Harvey, > > I don¡¯t have a function generator. My WaveTek function generator does > Just RF. Also I don¡¯t have a cad program on hand. > > I plan on taking the cover off the scope. I can then blow out the dust > and see if I can apply some Deoxid D5 to the push buttons and switches. > > Then I¡¯ll see how high of a signal it will take. I have not seen any > magic smoke leave the unit so my hopes are high. I will let you know > how I make out. > > Thanks for all your help and assistance !! > > Walt > > > Sent from the all new AOL app for iOS > <https://apps.apple.com/us/app/aol-news-email-weather-video/id646100661> > > On Sunday, October 15, 2023, 16:42, Harvey White > <madyn@...> wrote: > > ????I can, but first, you realize that this is nothing more than a > ????bandwidth > ????check and a very crude one?? Your function generator ought to go > ????to to > ????10 Mhz or so. > > ????If it does triangle waves, you can use a triangle instead of a square > ????(just different harmonics but still needs them).? If the triangle > ????starts > ????to round with 20 Mhz bandwidth in, and is reasonably sharp at 20 Mhz > ????bandwidth out, then you've done the same thing. > > ????If the bandwidth is limited, then you'll see that the triangle > ????looks a > ????lot like a sine instead of a proper triangle. > > ????You don't absolutely need a schmidt trigger, I'm just being a purist. > > ????What PC board layout programs do you have?? They have schematic > ????capture.? Kicad is one.? I personally use an old version of EAGLE, > ????so I > ????could deliver this to you as a picture without you having to do > ????anything. > > ????First, though, how high a frequency can your function generator do? > > ????Harvey > > > ????On 10/15/2023 3:20 PM, Walt KA2NJF via groups.io wrote: > ????> Harvey, > ????> > ????> Can you draw that up for me. I have to be very careful since my > ????right > ????> hand shakes when it wants to. I do have a plug in breadboard that I > ????> can use. The Schmidt trigger chip I will look a see if I have > ????any. If > ????> not then I will purchase some. > ????> > ????> Walt > ????> > ????> > ????> Sent from the all new AOL app for iOS > ????> > ????<https://apps.apple.com/us/app/aol-news-email-weather-video/id646100661> > ????> > ????> On Sunday, October 15, 2023, 12:44, Harvey White > ????> <madyn@...> wrote: > ????> > ????>? ? Can you breadboard TTL? > ????> > ????>? ? 1K in series, 5.0 volt P-P sine wave, diodes to VCC and GND > ????to limit > ????>? ? what the gate input sees, use any schmidt trigger (74LS14, > ????etc) to > ????>? ? produce a pulse output, then run that through a few gates (same > ????>? ? package) > ????>? ? to neaten it up, and you have an emergency square wave generator. > ????> > ????>? ? Harvey > ????> > ????> > ????>? ? On 10/15/2023 12:19 PM, Walt KA2NJF via groups.io wrote: > ????>? ? > Harvey, > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? > My WaveTek does not support square wave generation. > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? > Walt > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? > Sent from the all new AOL app for iOS > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? > ????<https://apps.apple.com/us/app/aol-news-email-weather-video/id646100661> > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? > On Saturday, October 14, 2023, 13:51, Harvey White > ????>? ? > <madyn@...> wrote: > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? Ok, how fast is the wavetek signal generator? > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? if it's at least 2 mhz, and can put out a square wave, then > ????>? ? try that. > ????>? ? >? ? You're looking for significant edge rounding at any > ????frequency > ????>? ? from > ????>? ? >? ? 2 Mhz > ????>? ? >? ? on (the higher, the more rounding) in the 20 Mhz position. > ????>? ? You need > ????>? ? >? ? about 10x the bandwidth to reproduce a decent square wave. > ????>? ? i.e. 2 Mhz > ????>? ? >? ? needs 20 Mhz bandwidth because of the harmonics that > ????make the > ????>? ? square > ????>? ? >? ? wave square.? That's why I suggested something around 10 to > ????>? ? 20 Mhz. > ????>? ? >? ? You'd be able to see the effects.? The closer to the 2 Mhz > ????>? ? you get > ????>? ? >? ? (and > ????>? ? >? ? below), the less you'll see the effect of the bandwidth. > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? See if tek WIKI has the service manual. > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? If you can breadboard a TTL oscillator, that might help. > ????Same > ????>? ? >? ? restrictions on frequency. > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? Harvey > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? On 10/14/2023 12:02 PM, Walt KA2NJF via groups.io wrote: > ????>? ? >? ? > Harvey, > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? > The test equipment I have is: > ????>? ? >? ? > 1. Wavetek Signal Generator > ????>? ? >? ? > 2. HP 410C VTVM > ????>? ? >? ? > 3. Sinometer Frequency Counter > ????>? ? >? ? > 4. Tel 2445 Scope > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? > It looks like I will have to purchase some more > ????equipment if > ????>? ? >? ? funds let > ????>? ? >? ? > me !! > ????>? ? >? ? > I will remove the case and blow out the dust and look at > ????>? ? the fan. I > ????>? ? >? ? > will reoil it if possible. > ????>? ? >? ? > I don¡¯t have a service manual. > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? > Walt > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? > Sent from the all new AOL app for iOS > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? > ????<https://apps.apple.com/us/app/aol-news-email-weather-video/id646100661> > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? > On Saturday, October 14, 2023, 00:34, Harvey White > ????>? ? >? ? > <madyn@...> wrote: > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? I'd say anything between 10 and 20. What you're > ????looking for > ????>? ? >? ? is the > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? effect of the 20 Mhz bandwidth reduction. The > ????higher the > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? frequency, the > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? more obvious. > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? Do NOT couple a transmitter directly into the > ????scope, use > ????>? ? a dummy > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? load on > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? the transmitter, and pick up a signal with a wire loop. > ????>? ? SA's and > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? Scopes > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? cannot tolerate wattage from a transformer. You > ????could use a > ????>? ? >? ? 5 Mhz > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? square wave and look for the edge to see how it > ????changes, > ????>? ? that > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? works, too. > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? Harvey > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? On 10/13/2023 11:33 PM, Walt KA2NJF via groups.io > ????wrote: > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > Harvey, > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > At the present time I have nothing to generate a 20 > ????>? ? MHZ signal > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? with. > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > Will it work with a 20 MHZ RF signal ?? > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > Walt > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > Sent from the all new AOL app for iOS > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? > ????<https://apps.apple.com/us/app/aol-news-email-weather-video/id646100661> > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > On Friday, October 13, 2023, 21:45, Harvey White > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > <madyn@...> wrote: > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? Take a 20 Mhz square wave and look at it on 20 Mhz > ????>? ? >? ? bandwidth, > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? then > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? go to > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? full bandwidth.? If that doesn't give two > ????different > ????>? ? >? ? results, then > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? that > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? tells you a lot. > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? Harvey > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? On 10/13/2023 8:07 PM, Walt KA2NJF via > ????groups.io wrote: > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > Davy, > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > I have tried recycling all the switches, push > ????>? ? buttons, and > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? rotary > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > switches with no change in the Tek 2445 > ????response. I > ????>? ? >? ? even looked > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? for a > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > master reset switch. I have tried recycling > ????the push > ????>? ? >? ? buttons, > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? switchs > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > and rotary switches on and off for the past > ????three > ????>? ? or four > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? days. The > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > last time I remember it working was a month > ????or so > ????>? ? ago. > ????>? ? >? ? If you > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? come up > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > with any more suggestions I am all ears. > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > Thanks, > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > Walt, KA2NJF > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > Sent from the all new AOL app for iOS > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? > ????<https://apps.apple.com/us/app/aol-news-email-weather-video/id646100661> > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > On Friday, October 13, 2023, 17:40, Dave Casey > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? <polara413@...> > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > wrote: > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? Walt - > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? Is the 20 Mhz BW Limit pushbutton (located > ????>? ? directly > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? above the Ch2 > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? Volts/Div knob) depressed? If it is not > ????depressed, > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? perhaps the > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? switch has gotten dirty and cycling it a few > ????>? ? times will > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? resolve > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? your issue? > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? Dave Casey > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? On Fri, Oct 13, 2023 at 3:25?PM Walt > ????KA2NJF via > ????>? ? >? ? groups.io > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? <http://groups.io> > ????>? ? <wmilton2359@...> > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? wrote: > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? ? ? Hey, > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? ? ? I just joined the group and my name > ????is Walter, > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? KA2NJF I am 80 > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? ? ? years old. My Tektronix is in need of > ????>? ? service. Is > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? there any > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? ? ? service deposit or any one in the South > ????>? ? Jersey or > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? South East > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? ? ? PA who works on this piece of > ????equipment? I > ????>? ? can not > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? get any > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? ? ? frequency reading above 20 MHZ and > ????this is a > ????>? ? >? ? 150 MHZ > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? scope. > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? ? ? Thanks, > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? ? ? Walt, KA2NJF > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? ? ? Sent from the all new AOL app for iOS > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? > ????<https://apps.apple.com/us/app/aol-news-email-weather-video/id646100661> > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? >? ? > > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? > > ????>? ? > > ????> > ????> > ????> > ????> > ????> > ????> > > > > > > |
On Sunday, October 15, 2023, 16:42, Harvey White <madyn@...>To get philosophical for a moment, a scope is a V-vs-t instrument, so the fidelity of the time domain response is paramount. As such, frequency domain measurements are merely an indirect analogue of what's important. Hence observing a scope's step response is, IMNSHO, the best technique. Hence, IMNSHO, characterising a scope's performance by bandwidth is wrongheaded :) Curiously my latest scope, a Philips PM3410, got that right. The spec printed on the front panel is 200ps, and 1.7GHz is only mentioned deep in the manual. The PM3410 is a fun device: the transistors in the signal chain are mostly BC107s with an fT of 0.2GHz. There are three 2GHz FETs in the trigger. Alternatively, iIf frequency domain response is paramount, use a V-vs-f instrument, i.e. a spectrum analyser. (And never forget the third of the triumvirate, f-vs-t, i.e. the modulation domain :) ) |
PM3410 - I've been watching eBay UK for ages for one ?
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D. -----Original Message-----
From: [email protected] <[email protected]> On Behalf Of Tom Gardner Sent: 16 October 2023 08:11 To: [email protected] Subject: Re: [TekScopes2] Telethons 2445 On Sunday, October 15, 2023, 16:42, Harvey WhiteTo get philosophical for a moment, a scope is a V-vs-t instrument, so the fidelity of the time domain response is paramount. As such, frequency domain measurements are merely an indirect analogue of what's important. Hence observing a scope's step response is, IMNSHO, the best technique. Hence, IMNSHO, characterising a scope's performance by bandwidth is wrongheaded :) Curiously my latest scope, a Philips PM3410, got that right. The spec printed on the front panel is 200ps, and 1.7GHz is only mentioned deep in the manual. The PM3410 is a fun device: the transistors in the signal chain are mostly BC107s with an fT of 0.2GHz. There are three 2GHz FETs in the trigger. Alternatively, iIf frequency domain response is paramount, use a V-vs-f instrument, i.e. a spectrum analyser. (And never forget the third of the triumvirate, f-vs-t, i.e. the modulation domain :) ) |
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