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Re: Recapping Tektronix 2465
I'm also planning to recap my 2465 (plain vanilla, not -A or -B) as some RIFA's have already exploded, so if Giorgio or someone else puts together an up-to-date list could it please be posted here in the files section?? Ideally it would be an update of Menachem Yachad's list including board/component identification and Mouser or Digikey part numbers.
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Thanks in anticipation, Graham (Down under) On 23/03/2021 10:48 pm, iv3ddm wrote:
No, it's my mistake, it is "board A2": C1274 and C1291. It seems to me that Tek "2465" does not have C1292. |
Re: 485 super weak brightness control
On Tue, Mar 23, 2021 at 12:20 PM, Ondrej Pavelka wrote:
Ignorant question: On the video, I see you are missing some knobs, like the one for Holdoff. Are you sure that you have set that to minimum and others correctly as well and what's more: Are you sure that the registration between the A- and B-timebase is correct, i.e. that the B-timebase knob is mounted correctly? Raymond |
Re: 485 super weak brightness control
Here are the observations on the A sweep. Note the difference between free running and triggered On Tue, 23 Mar 2021, 07:20 Ozan, <ozan_g@...> wrote:
Your observations in the video look OK for B sweep: |
Re: 485 super weak brightness control
Your observations in the video look OK for B sweep: 1) There is no change in B sweep in 1n/div and 2n/div settings. 2x is handled by the horizontal amp for 2n -> 1n setting. 2) Delay changing B gate position in INT setting is OK. As far as I remember B internal trigger still waits for delay before waiting for trigger. In "B runs after delay" it will run when delay expires without waiting for trigger. This shows your B sweep is working in 5/2/1n setting as you mentioned before. Now we need to figure out why A sweep doesn't pick B sweep properly in 5/2/1n mode. There I could line up A B gate and A B sweeps. The problem is what comesWhich point are you measuring the output? All the nodes from emitter of Q1318 and collector of Q1312 until you hit TP1364 are low impedance points (this section is a transimpedance amp). TP1364 is the earliest node that shows muxed sweeps. I recommend this setup: 1) Scope is in 5ns/div and A sweep 2) Ch1 at left side of R1322 (B sweep) 3) Ch2 is at base of Q1318 4) Ch3 is at TP1364 We should see B sweep going through Q1318 and Q1358. In this state Q1356, Q1312 and Q1338 should be off. Ozan |
Re: How to explain how negative feedback lowers noise?
Hi Chris,
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Yes, there are many "proofs" that reveal various misconceptions about negative feedback. Many of them start with a kernel of truth, but then veer off into the weeds. Unfortunately, it is often the case that the misconceptions can be traced to textbooks. Teaching is hard enough, but unteaching is nigh impossible. -- Cheers Tom -- Prof. Thomas H. Lee Allen Ctr., Rm. 205 350 Jane Stanford Way Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-4070 On 3/22/2021 22:35, Chris Wilkson via groups.io wrote:
Tom is right. Negative feedback can only reduce the noise introduced by the amplifier itself. If the system works properly, the input will be perfectly amplified - with no noise added by the amplifier. But if noise is part of the input, then that noise is amplified by exactly the same amount as the intended input signal. |
Re: FG502 doesn't start at some specific settings
to be normal, with a note: R155 value is ~1k, R290 almost normal (both shouldR155 should be 820-ohm, R290 changed from 1k-ohm to 820-ohm in later revisions. They were both upgraded to 0.5W from 0.25W. What value do you have for R155 and R290 now? It makes a difference in figuring out what the circuit does. Ozan |
Re: How to explain how negative feedback lowers noise?
Tom is right. Negative feedback can only reduce the noise introduced by the amplifier itself. If the system works properly, the input will be perfectly amplified - with no noise added by the amplifier. But if noise is part of the input, then that noise is amplified by exactly the same amount as the intended input signal.
Hey Tom, I once heard the argument that negative feedback could eliminate noise and it was supported by live measurements. Actually, more than once from more than one source. It usually went something like this... Here's a noisy input signal (shown by live measurement - very fuzzy) and here's the amplified output with a larger amplitude, but less noise content (also shown on the scope - not fuzzy at all). It was clear that the output had *less* noise than the input. Therefore, the negative feedback must be reducing the noise! Many attendees just accepted the result...and continued to propagate the idea. The problem of course was the input noise signal was high frequency, beyond the bandwidth of the system. It was just being filtered out by the inherently lowpass universe. Have you seen any talks like this? I think there are a lot of similar situations out there that contribute to common misconceptions like this one. And this one is really common. |
151-0367-00 & 151-0402-00 leakage tests
I decided to further test the ones I had pulled out of various pieces
because of the leakage. I know they test as a diode. The round lead 0367 types with the oxidation on the leads close to the body test as a diode from E to C. The square leaded ones of both numbers tested as a diode from C to E. I used a VTVM on Rx1 for the leakage testing. I then wondered how the round leaded ones could operate properly or at all with the leakage from E to C. I found this to be an interesting test on these transistors. I am not sure why the leakage reversal unless it was a production change. I know and have seen transistors go bad with age even operated light-duty. The 0402 I have only found in the 7D15 plug-in. The ones with a blue face did not have the diode leakage. Those must be a late production run. Mark |
Re: How to explain how negative feedback lowers noise?
That's exactly the "not even wrong" attribution that I warned about. Your example has nothing at all to do with negative feedback, and it horribly muddies the waters to shoehorn negative feedback into the explanation.
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I repeat: Negative feedback does not reduce noise. If I have an open-loop system, exactly the same math holds. Noise injected near the output matters less than noise injected near the input. The reason has nothing whatsoever to do with the presence or absence of feedback. It is only due to the fact that there is gain between those different points into which noise could enter the system. Wrapping or not wrapping a loop around all of that makes not a bit of difference. Please let's not repeat this commonly held error. Negative feedback is magical, but not in that way. Tom Sent from an iThing, so please forgive the typos and brevity On Mar 22, 2021, at 17:45, "machineguy59 via groups.io" <machineguy59@...> wrote:
I will jump in with my explanation. Negative feedback does nothing for noise on the input. That input noise looks just like a valid signal to the circuit input so it gets amplified at the same rate as the input, their ratio stays the same. However, noise that "sneaks in" to the amplifier is magnified by a very large number because that is what amplifiers do. Then negative feedback subtracts a constant part of the output from the original input, But there was no "sneak in noise" at the input so the full amplitude of the sneak in noise is "fed back" and subtracted to get near zero total noise at the output. Even the math says so but it gets messy to do. |
Re: How to explain how negative feedback lowers noise?
I will jump in with my explanation.? Negative feedback does nothing for noise on the input.? That input noise looks just like a valid signal to the circuit input so it gets amplified at the same rate as the input, their ratio stays the same.? However, noise that "sneaks in" to the amplifier is magnified by a very large number because that is what amplifiers do.? Then negative feedback subtracts a constant part of the output from the original input,? But there was no "sneak in noise" at the input so the full amplitude of the sneak in noise is "fed back" and subtracted to get near zero total noise at the output.? Even the math says so but it gets messy to do.
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On Monday, March 22, 2021, 05:35:14 PM CDT, Keith <coolblueglow@...> wrote:
Here¡¯s my explanation of negative feedback. 1. A group of happy cheerful children are playing noisily as they enter the house through the door (input) 2. The beleaguered father is just leaving the other door (output) to go to work and he¡¯s extremely annoyed by these children¡¯s sudden and noisy but happy appearance, spoiling as it does his perfect departure. 3. The irritated and angry father goes back around to the front door (input) and yells at the children to stop making so much noise and go clean up their rooms (inverted signal fed into input signal). 4. The children, now somewhat subdued but still basically happy, continue their play but at a lower volume level, partially subdued by their father¡¯s chastisement. ? Cheers, CBG |
Re: Repairing broken pots
I found the manual for my allen-bradley series 70 mod pots instant prototypes. It's been scanned and I'll upload it to the files section here.
In the process, I also found an ordering guide for the Bourns 80-series modular pots. It's also been scanned and I'll upload it here as well. --rick |
Re: 485 super weak brightness control
On Mon, 22 Mar 2021, 22:22 Ondrej Pavelka, <info@...> wrote: When I had it in the A mode I measured approximately 20nS delay between |
Re: How to explain how negative feedback lowers noise?
Here¡¯s my explanation of negative feedback.
1. A group of happy cheerful children are playing noisily as they enter the house through the door (input) 2. The beleaguered father is just leaving the other door (output) to go to work and he¡¯s extremely annoyed by these children¡¯s sudden and noisy but happy appearance, spoiling as it does his perfect departure. 3. The irritated and angry father goes back around to the front door (input) and yells at the children to stop making so much noise and go clean up their rooms (inverted signal fed into input signal). 4. The children, now somewhat subdued but still basically happy, continue their play but at a lower volume level, partially subdued by their father¡¯s chastisement. ? Cheers, CBG |
Re: Tek 2225 that wont power up after a knock :-(
The resistor did the trick and dropped the 5V rail to the expected value, so I worked through the cut links reconnecting each in turn and checking the voltages and total current.
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The little beauty seems to be all OK running from the external supply for a range of simple tests. More testing required and I have yet to go back to the line transformer/rectifier but looking hopeful. I am still concerned that I haven't found a definite cause, I guess it might be the line board ... Thanks for all the help guys. Dave On 22/03/2021 20:44, Ozan wrote:
As Dave wrote this could be because of missing load at W991. Does adding a 470-ohm 0.5W to ground from W991 reduce it to ~ 5.2V? |
Re: How to explain how negative feedback lowers noise?
A noisy amplifier or a noisy oscillator connected to a reference source will do whatever it takes to follow the reference source signal. This applies for slow reference noise only which means noise is within the loop bandwidth. Every amplifier or oscillator circuitry has a defined bandwidth. Now if the source is very low noise then the noise from the amplifier/oscillator will be reduced by the negative feedback action. But noise above the loop bandwidth will be unaffected.
Loop bandwidth! If you are driving your car a sunny Sunday morning in a rural country side at 30 mph you can easily follow the highway, this is within the loop bandwidth. On the other hand if you would try to drive your car through the desert at 100 mph this would be outside the loop bandwidth. And you will have troubles the rest of the day. G?ran |
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