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Thanks Richard,

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Yes, I remember seeing those comments about Quedlinburg at the time. Throughout all of this, I've been treating R-P312 and R-U106 as two entirely separate populations that avoided each other, since they have such different geographical distributions from the Bell Beaker period onwards. However, they do share the same root, and I would expect that some R-U106 branches were intermingled within the R-P312 migrations, and vice versa.

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I'm afraid, however, that I am hampered by only having a surface-level knowledge of the R-P312 migrations and how they have led to the major R-L21 / R-DF27 / R-U152 triad that we see today. There are a small handful of places where I do think we see overlap but, with the exception of Germany and the occasional small branch, it seems to me that the R-P312 and R-U106 populations really did manage to stay fairly well separated from each other. I suspect that the migration history of R-U106 has more in common with R-S1194 than it does with R-P312. Nevertheless, I think potential connections between these haplogroups should be explored further, perhaps by someone with a better overarching understanding of them all!

?

Best wishes,

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Iain.

Dear Iain,

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Thanks for all your wonderful work. Ever since I knew I was U106 I have thought my ancestors most likely arrived with the Anglo Saxons or a bit later with the Danes.

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Looking at the maps of Danelaw it would not fit well with the distribution of R-FGC21340 ?as mainly Wessex and Mercia (though my earliest Male line ancestor was from Yorkshire in 1776).

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Combined with the thought that R-FGC14877?is probably Anglo Saxon does this, on current evidence suggest it more likely that people with the R-FGC21340?marker:

• Arrived earlier than Danelaw
• With Angles Saxons

Wherever they came from (which would include Denmark.).

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Does this make sense? At present.

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All the best

Nigel Hardcastle

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My markers

1???????????? R-BY60767??????? 1150 CE???????????????????????????? 645AD-1524AD????????????????????????????? Middle Ages???????????????????

2???????????? R-BY85211??????? ? 500 CE???????????????????????????? 91BC-- 955AD ??????????????? Imperial/Middle Ages???? Angles or Danes in Britain?

3???????????? R-FT30022???????? ? 100 CE???????????????????????????? 345BC-438BC???????????????? Imperial????????????? ?????????????????????????????

4???????????? R-FGC21340???? ?????? 1 BCE??????????? 406BC-375AD???????????????? Imperial???????????????????????????? ?????????????? Britain?????????????? Roman to Norman???????

5???????????? R-FT27983???????? ?? 150 BCE????????? 586BC-242AD ??????????????? Imperial???????????????????????????? ?????????????? iron age Jastorf culture?????????? ??????????????

6???????????? R-FT28260???????? ?? 600 BCE????????? 1181BC-115BC???????????????????????????? Metal Ages??????? ??????????????

7???????????? R-FGC14877??? ?? 650 BCE????????? 1200BC-164BC???????????????????????????? Metal Ages???????

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Your quote

The location of the basal clades towards northern Germany suggests a post-Roman migration, with the modern English distribution covering historic Mercia and Wessex, but its bounds are likely incomplete.?An Anglo-Saxon origin is posited for much of R-FGC14877. From this, we can suggest an earlier origin in the Jastorf or nearby cultures?that gave rise to these Germanic tribes.

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?

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Thanks Richard,

?

Yes, I remember seeing those comments about Quedlinburg at the time. Throughout all of this, I've been treating R-P312 and R-U106 as two entirely separate populations that avoided each other, since they have such different geographical distributions from the Bell Beaker period onwards. However, they do share the same root, and I would expect that some R-U106 branches were intermingled within the R-P312 migrations, and vice versa.

?

I'm afraid, however, that I am hampered by only having a surface-level knowledge of the R-P312 migrations and how they have led to the major R-L21 / R-DF27 / R-U152 triad that we see today. There are a small handful of places where I do think we see overlap but, with the exception of Germany and the occasional small branch, it seems to me that the R-P312 and R-U106 populations really did manage to stay fairly well separated from each other. I suspect that the migration history of R-U106 has more in common with R-S1194 than it does with R-P312. Nevertheless, I think potential connections between these haplogroups should be explored further, perhaps by someone with a better overarching understanding of them all!

?

Best wishes,

?

Iain.