开云体育

Thank you Chris for making this group possible. May we find many children of Mr. S6881 and learn all about him and in so doing more about our journey to present time. The Age Chart is a thing of beauty!

We should be having some new people join the group as the BigY results are starting to come in. I'll also make an announcement in the U106 Yahoo group that we've started this group in case other people who are S6881 and not BigY tested want to join along with all the other BigY people in our group who don't know about this group yet. Welcome to everyone! I'll update the tree in the Files section after we get all the BigY results in. I'm excited to see what it will look like! Chris

Hello, This email message is a notification to let you know that a file has been uploaded to the Files area of the R1b-S6881 group. File : /S6881 Tree 120916.docx Uploaded by : cerri37 <avalea3@...> Description : Updated Members and Ages You can access this file at the URL: https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/R1b-S6881/files/S6881%20Tree%20120916.docx To learn more about file sharing for your group, please visit: https://help.yahoo.com/kb/index?page=content&y=PROD_GRPS&locale=en_US&id=SLN15398 Regards, cerri37 <avalea3@...>

Hello, This email message is a notification to let you know that a file has been uploaded to the Files area of the R1b-S6881 group. File : /S6881 Tree 123016.docx Uploaded by : cerri37 <avalea3@...> Description : Updated Tree and Ages You can access this file at the URL: https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/R1b-S6881/files/S6881%20Tree%20123016.docx To learn more about file sharing for your group, please visit: https://help.yahoo.com/kb/index?page=content&y=PROD_GRPS&locale=en_US&id=SLN15398 Regards, cerri37 <avalea3@...>

These are exciting times for our group as the new BigY results come in. We've already had one block of SNPs broken (thanks, Jim!) and it appears we'll have more broken soon. There are a couple of BigY results which I think would be very helpful for us but I have to get the people willing to join the U106 group and to upload their results.I'm holding out hope for twigs springing up all over our piece of the tree. In line with the new twigs, I have updated the S6881 tree. Expect more updates to follow and that eventually I won't be able to keep the tree to one page. I'll keep updating every time Iain's results show new developments for us. Speaking of Iain, I have been in contact with him recently and we've been talking about our part of the tree and ages. This is what he wrote before our most recent results were in: "Z8 seems to be an early Germanic SNP, occurring somewhere in the western Baltic region around 3000 years ago. Z343 seems to be more closely concentrated in the British Isles, the Low Countries, and Germany. Under the "Germanic" scenario, this may correspond to the migration of the Germans out of the Baltic and into continental Europe around 700 BC. When looking at our results, we expect 2/3 of lines to be British and 1/3 to be European. When calculating lines, we aren't talking about people living today, but the ancient lines they descend from, like A11376, A11377 and any ancient lines we can infer from STRs. S6881 seems to have more of a concentration in the British Isles, but its parent FGC11780 doesn't have the same bias. So we can say that the migration to Great Britain happened after S6881 formed (184 AD — 1082 AD). A11376 and A11377 seem to have a distinct location in western central England, and probably both arose there sometime in the period 629 AD — 1336 AD. So we're maybe looking at a migration of this group from Germany or nearby to the west of England at some point around the "Anglo-Saxon" or Norman migrations. I hope this gives you some insight. Do remember that this is all very speculative right now." I will post what he shared after Jim's results came in on another post. Thanks for being willing explorers as we try to find our distant past. Chris

After Jim's results came in Iain shared two things. One was to Jim and myself (I hope you don't mind my sharing this Jim): "Your relationship with the Graves and Sexton group is around 1000 years ago (give or take a few centuries). The pattern of development since S6881 (about 1400 years ago) is suggestive of a post-Roman but pre-Norman origin. It's too early to say you descend from the "Anglo-Saxon" invaders, but that would be a direction in which we would want to explore." And then to me today: "The range of ages is now starting to be constrained enough to almost rule out certain possibilities. It's now starting to look less likely that your family has a Roman origin or a Norman origin. The range of ages most likely brackets somewhere between the post-Roman ("Anglo-Saxon") migration and that Danelaw." I don't know if you guys get excited about this stuff, but I do. It really helps that we might be able to speculate when our common ancestor made it to England and what group he came with. It's nice to get some concrete idea of how long we've been in England (though some of us have subsequently left). Hopefully, this will give you something to ponder as we move into the new year. Wishing you all a happy New Year and I hope I'll have more news soon. Chris

Roy and Jim and Cynthia, You guys might be interested to know that there is a new Graves BigY test which should be in the next U106 BigY spreadsheet. It won't touch your results but matches up with Keith's (so gen 169 Thomas). The results should push that group of Warburton/Graves apart just like all the testing you are doing on your little group has pushed your Warburton/Graves apart. So the tree just keeps changing. In fact, most of our new BigY tests have managed to match up some singletons to already existing testers. My kit wasn't lucky enough for that but there will be lots of tree changes. I'll post them all after the last of these tests are run by Iain. Chris

Hello, This email message is a notification to let you know that a file has been uploaded to the Files area of the R1b-S6881 group. File : /S6881 Tree Yahoogroup 11317.xlsx Uploaded by : cerri37 <avalea3@...> Description : Updated SNP tree from Jan 13, 2017 You can access this file at the URL: https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/R1b-S6881/files/S6881%20Tree%20Yahoogroup%2011317.xlsx To learn more about file sharing for your group, please visit: https://help.yahoo.com/kb/index?page=content&y=PROD_GRPS&locale=en_US&id=SLN15398 Regards, cerri37 <avalea3@...>

Hello, This email message is a notification to let you know that a file has been uploaded to the Files area of the R1b-S6881 group. File : /S6881 Yahoo Group 11317.xlsx Uploaded by : cerri37 <avalea3@...> Description : BigY Data showing where you match up with others Jan 13, 2017 You can access this file at the URL: https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/R1b-S6881/files/S6881%20Yahoo%20Group%2011317.xlsx To learn more about file sharing for your group, please visit: https://help.yahoo.com/kb/index?page=content&y=PROD_GRPS&locale=en_US&id=SLN15398 Regards, cerri37 <avalea3@...>

So you guys have been working so hard to find close matches to test that we've broken the tree. I spent all day yesterday reordering everyone's BigY test results so we could see who was matching to whom. And there are lots of new branches! I've uploaded two files. One shows the actual SNP data below U106 distilled down just to our positive SNPs. I color coded it to show what little group you are in. It also shows the singletons you have left to match to someone who hasn't come along yet. The other file is a sort of tree, color coded to match the groups in the first file. Only now we've split out into so many groups it isn't as simple and clean any longer. That's a good thing for the group but not easy to represent. So I've taken my best stab at it and hopefully, it still makes sense. Both files are done in Excel. If you don't have anything that will open Excel we'll have to see what we can do for you but the tree is too long and wide to go on one sheet of paper in Word any longer. Iain runs the software for the new U106 BigY spreadsheet (where I get our results) and in his instructions he says the results on his spreadsheet are ordered with the largest sub-clades on the left. Well, guess who is all the way on the left now? Yes, us! And Iain told me we managed to become the best tested Z343 group and improved the age estimate of S6881 considerably from all our testing. Kudos to all of you! So, some of you are nodding along with what I'm saying and need no help at all. Others are wondering what language I'm speaking. Please speak up here. This is the place to ask your questions, big or small. And if you are wondering it, probably someone else is too. I don't profess to know all the answers but we can certainly go looking for the ones we don't know. The more you understand this, the easier it's going to be to find good matches for you and for you to explain to these matches why you want them to test. Look things over and let me know where I didn't make things clear enough. I will upload a word document on everything Iain has said to date on the ages of our S6881 group. Let me know if you can think of anything else we should have in our files section, or if you have something you think is really good, upload it yourself. Thanks for working so hard for this part of the tree. Chris

First, thank you Chris this spreadsheet is a dream come true. It is beautiful!!! Wow how S6881 has grown. Thank you. For those of you who may be working off iPads, I do, there is an easy way to view the Excel spreadsheets As our branch grows there will be more updates to download. Here is what I have learned to do... First, I installed the app "NUMBERS" onto my iPads. When I need to open an Excel file from this Group or the U106 Group here's what I do. From my browser I tap on the file I want to download from here onto my iPad. As it begins to download onto my browser a bar across the top on the right opens asking "Open in Numbers" and I quickly tap that bar. Immediately the file finishes opening in Numbers. And, what you will see before you is magnificent. It is our history unfolding it is our shared descent through time. Remember the Age Analysis will constantly changes as new S6881 testers share their results with our U106 group. This is the best time to learn this as our S6881 spreadsheet is small so it quickly opens. However, the U106 844 spreadsheet will take much longer. I have an iPad Air2 plus an iPad Pro. Hope that helps. Much to cheer about!! Cynthia

So I don't know how many of you follow the postings on U106 Yahoo Group and how many go to check out what Dr. Iain McDonald is doing for us, but he just put together a fabulous tree of our SNPs. And because we have the most tested clade our SNPs are right at the top so it is really easy to follow. If you go look at the below link you will see what probably at first seems like a confusing mess. But go look over to the right and find your last shared subclade (if you don't know it you should be able to see that from the tree I have posted on our S6881 group). If you hover your mouse over your subclade it will give you the path all the way back to U106. For example, A11376 shows: U106>Z381>Z301>L48>Z9>Z30>Z2>Z7>Z8>Z1>Z364>Z343>FGC11780>S6881>A11376. These are all the major named SNPs from U106 to A11376 in order. You will also see his age predictions for your subclade when you hover your mouse over your subclade. He explains it all at the top of the page. And, a really exciting piece, he puts your SNP on a timeline and tells you above it what were the cultures at that time in the world and what was happening with the climate. So if you want to see what was happening anywhere along your different SNPs as they travel from U106 to your current subclade (these all represent ancestors of yours) go check it out and see. Very fascinating! Tree structure of U106 Tree structure of U106 Abbreviation Boundaries UKRAINE Modern Ukraine and surrounding countries, including Moldova, Belarus, the Dniper-Don valley system. E. BALTIC View on www.jb.man.ac.uk Preview by Yahoo

Hello, This email message is a notification to let you know that a file has been uploaded to the Files area of the R1b-S6881 group. File : /Iain Age Speculation.docx Uploaded by : cerri37 <avalea3@...> Description : Iain's musings on ages and origins of U106, Z8, S6881 and below. You can access this file at the URL: https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/R1b-S6881/files/Iain%20Age%20Speculation.docx To learn more about file sharing for your group, please visit: https://help.yahoo.com/kb/index?page=content&y=PROD_GRPS&locale=en_US&id=SLN15398 Regards, cerri37 <avalea3@...>

Just wanted to make you aware of the S6881 panel at YSEQ which I created as a cheap way to fit likely or confirmed S6881 people into the S6881 tree. However I note Chris's tree has some extra SNPs. If it is possible to improve the panel I expect this can be done. 7 is the minimum SNPs for a panel, and I only have 7 and YSEQ weren't happy about the quality of one of them. On the other hand adding SNPs would make the test (currently $103) more expensive. A replacement strategy would be a way to go. In time I would expect to see panels below the S6881 panel to address single name groups e.g. a Warburton panel, or a Graves panel based on their currently known singletons. The role of BIG Y is to do 1 or 2 to identify enough singletons, and then panels to fit the majority of people.

This group is pretty new and we have a lot of new members so I thought I would write a series of posts over the next few weeks on topics covering some genetic genealogy terms and concepts. I’ll put these in our files section after I write them so future members can find the information. I’m going to keep it simple and high level so I will gloss over some details. If anyone wants to ask questions or correct something I’ve said please speak up. I’m just trying to help everyone get the most out of their testing. And if there is something you would like to see explained please ask. I might not know the answer but we can find someone who does. In this one, I'm going to cover a simplified explanation of STRs and SNPs and what you can do with them. STRs (short tandem repeats) are kind of like stutters in our DNA. It's where you have copies of a sequence, like ATAATAATA, and FTDNA tests at certain locations for how many times the sequence repeats. They use that number to decide if people match closely with each other at that location (or marker). The count of how many repeats you have at each marker is where the numbers come from (i.e. DYS534=14) in your Y-STRs results. You can see your results under the Y-STRs results tab on your kit page. On your Matches tab, you can see who you match up with and how closely. So if my kit has a 14 and yours has a 15 at DYS534 we would have one genetic difference at that marker. If yours had 16 then it would be 2 genetic differences. Calculating these numbers is a little more complicated than I am making it seem so if you really want to get into the nitty gritty of how they calculate these numbers contact me and I’ll give you more information. FTDNA adds up all your differences on the markers for each panel tested and that's how you get a total of say 8 differences out of 111 markers with your match. They only report closer matches so if someone exceeds the threshold of mismatches for that panel they won’t report them as a match. These STR repeats are passed on genetically but over time they change. There can be more or less repeats. Some markers are very stable and stay like they are for a long time but others change more quickly. We can predict someone's haplogroup by how closely they match to others and how many repeats there are at certain markers. A big one for U106 is a result of 13, or for S6881 a result of 14, at DYS492. SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms, pronounced “snip”) are mutations at a certain place on the DNA. If ancestrally the nucleotide has been C at that location but has now mutated to T then it would be said that you are positive for that SNP. With these positive SNPs, we can form a sort of tree, building up from the most ancient SNPs to the ones that are mutating in our own families as we have a new child and that nucleotide changes. On average you get a new mutation about every 150 years. It is possible for a father with 2 sons to have one son with a new mutation and the other son not. We can use SNPs to figure out branching within families. But remember the 150 years is just an average so there can be fewer years or more years between mutations. And they don’t happen like clockwork, they happen totally randomly. The good thing about SNPs is that they are passed on from father to son and they rarely mutate back like STRs can do. So STRs can help predict how closely related you are to someone and what your haplogroup might be. But it's the testing of SNPs that tells you exactly what your haplogroup is, not just a prediction. And that shows who you are really related to at some point in time. In your list of matches, you probably have people who look like they might match you but are really on a different branch of the tree. SNP testing answers that question. If you’ve done no SNP testing your kit probably predicts a haplogroup of M269 and is written in red. So FTDNA is predicting you will be at least that haplogroup from your STR results. But that SNP is very, very old (like probably 6,000 years ago). So you want to find SNPs that are younger so you can see who you mig

I wanted to include screen shots with this but Yahoo won't let me so if some of the references make you confused see this document in the files section where I will include them. Okay, I’m going to cover the BigY match screen for those who use it or are confused by it. First off, have very little faith in anything you find on this page. It is full of garbage. There are little nuggets of truth to be gleaned from here so it isn’t a total loss, but unless you really know what you are looking for it isn’t going to be helpful at all. When you get your BigY results make sure that the first thing you do is upload your vcf file to the U106 group to have them analyze it. If that statement sent your head spinning let me know you need help and I’ll give you step by step directions for getting that file and I’ll upload it for you. It’s that important that you do this step! So back to the page that is just 99% confusing and mostly plain wrong. The first thing you’ll see when you go to your BigY Matches tab is a list of people you match to and in the columns across from their name the number of Shared Novel Variants, Known SNP Differences, and Non-Matching Known SNPs. It defaults to show you the match that you share the highest number of Shared Novel Variants and the fewest known SNP differences with. So, if you start out with the first person on your list and click on the number in the Shared Novel Variants column it will open a new screen for you (see examples in file section if needed). On that screen, you will see what novel variants (meaning unnamed SNPs) you share with your match, what novel variants belong just to you, and what novel variants are only his. Let’s start with the shared novel variants. So, I go to the number 32 shared novel variants that the match at the top of my list has and click on it and I find that we actually share 19 SNPs on the pop-up screen. What?!! What happened to the 32 SNPs we share? Who knows? This is the first of many bad pieces of data on this screen. And checking all my matches almost every one of them has a bad number on the first screen. So, let’s deal with that second screen; the one that popped up. The important columns on this screen are the Reference and Genotype columns. First off, know that outside of FTDNA they are going to probably refer to these values as Ancestral and Derived. What this means is that there is a reference sample they use that we all get compared against. So we are looking for any changes or mutations since that reference/ancestral value. If there is a change that will become the Derived value (what it changed to). So if the reference/ancestral value was a G and we now have a derived value of T you will be deemed positive for that SNP. So look down the columns Reference and Genotype and note all the SNPs that have changes. On the screen I posted you’ll only find two SNPs that have changes (the first two) and all the rest are still at the ancestral value. So there is nothing novel about most of these. In fact, in the whole list of 19 that my match and I share only 3 are valid. So we just went from a screen that said 32 variants, to a screen that said 19 variants and when we look at them all only 3 are real. That’s why I say don’t pay attention to those novel variant numbers on your first screen. So one more thing I want to point out, and this is why we have the guys at U106 analyze our results, those 3 variants we share are not very good SNPs and so U106 doesn’t even count them. So what my match and I share just went from 32 to 0. Now, on the Known SNP Difference and Non-Matching Known SNPs, those are pretty much true. If you show 1 Known SNP Difference in your column then it will list that Known SNP in the Non-Matching Known SNP column. You can use it to rule out matches right away by seeing something like Z343 as a non-matching SNP and you will know that this person is not on the same branch as yourself. But it’s hard to keep all those SNP names in your head and know what SNPs matter and what don’t. So don’t use these columns unless you really want to. Instead, go up t

Hello, This email message is a notification to let you know that a file has been uploaded to the Files area of the R1b-S6881 group. File : /BigY Match Screen.docx Uploaded by : cerri37 <avalea3@...> Description : Tour of FTDNA BigY Match Screen You can access this file at the URL: https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/R1b-S6881/files/BigY%20Match%20Screen.docx To learn more about file sharing for your group, please visit: https://help.yahoo.com/kb/index?page=content&y=PROD_GRPS&locale=en_US&id=SLN15398 Regards, cerri37 <avalea3@...>

Hello, This email message is a notification to let you know that a file has been uploaded to the Files area of the R1b-S6881 group. File : /STRs and SNPs.docx Uploaded by : cerri37 <avalea3@...> Description : STRs and SNPs and what you can do with them You can access this file at the URL: https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/R1b-S6881/files/STRs%20and%20SNPs.docx To learn more about file sharing for your group, please visit: https://help.yahoo.com/kb/index?page=content&y=PROD_GRPS&locale=en_US&id=SLN15398 Regards, cerri37 <avalea3@...>

Hello, This email message is a notification to let you know that a file has been uploaded to the Files area of the R1b-S6881 group. File : /S6881 Tree Yahoogroup 020717.xlsx Uploaded by : cerri37 <avalea3@...> Description : Updated Tree 2/7/17 You can access this file at the URL: https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/R1b-S6881/files/S6881%20Tree%20Yahoogroup%20020717.xlsx To learn more about file sharing for your group, please visit: https://help.yahoo.com/kb/index?page=content&y=PROD_GRPS&locale=en_US&id=SLN15398 Regards, cerri37 <avalea3@...>

Hello, This email message is a notification to let you know that a file has been uploaded to the Files area of the R1b-S6881 group. File : /S6881 Yahoo Group 020717.xlsx Uploaded by : cerri37 <avalea3@...> Description : Updated BigY Data 2/7/17 You can access this file at the URL: https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/R1b-S6881/files/S6881%20Yahoo%20Group%20020717.xlsx To learn more about file sharing for your group, please visit: https://help.yahoo.com/kb/index?page=content&y=PROD_GRPS&locale=en_US&id=SLN15398 Regards, cerri37 <avalea3@...>