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Bach Cantata calendars to susbscribe to
Hello,
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I run a website () as a hobby project, following the Bach cantata calendar throughout the year, with according playlists on the major streaming platforms. You can subscribe and get a mail on a specific (liturgical) day with a post on the cantatas for the day. Now I've also created cantata calendars to which you can subscribe in your favourite calendar app on your computer or smartphone: ?
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I hope you enjoy it!
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Kind regards --Michiel |
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3-Year Lectionary Revised Standard Version:? de tempore Half of Church Year
The de tempore first half of the church year on the life and ministry of Jesus Christ begins with the First Sunday in Advent which, in Bach's time in Leipzig, was a single-day feast preparing for? the Christmas Season.? Complementing this one-year lectionary in Bach's time is John S. Setterlund's Bach Through the Year: The Church Music of Johann Sebastian Bach and the Revised Common Lectionary.1 "Bach Through the Year has reassigned the cantatas, as well as the motets, passions, and oratorios, to the Sundays and festivals with whose current readings and themes they most closely correspond.? Besides the three church-year cantata cycles of musical sermons, there are two other cycles of church pieces:? a Bach Christological Cycle that addresses the biblical/theological import of works for the significant feast days of Jesus Christ during de tempore time, with complementary, systematic studies of his related chorale settings and Latin Church music, as well as special, non-cyclic sacred music of joy and sorrow composed throughout most of his life that could constitute a fifth cycle of “well-regulated church music (source, ). De Tempore Special Services The initial Christmas season involves various feast days of the 12 days of Christmas embracing six special occasions in Bach's Christmas Oratorio, BWV 248, from the three days of Christmas, the Annunciation to the shepherds, the Nativity, and the adorartion of the shepherds, to the New Year's Circumcision and Naming of Jesus, the Sunday after New Year's with the approach of the Three Kings and the feast of Epiphany on the fixed day of January 6.? There follows the Sundays after the Epiphany and the pre-Lenten "gesimae" Sundays (see ) to the Holy Week observances of palm Sunday, the Good Friday Passion, the Easter Vigil, and Easter Sunday Resurrection.? This de tempore Proper Time concludes with the three-day Pentecost Feast (Sunday, Monday, Tuesday), and the closing Trinity Sunday which commences Trinity Time, the omnes tempore Ordinary Time of the second half of the church year (see the Bach Mailing List discussions of Trinity Time:? Aug 6, 2024: Trinity Time Lectionary (); Sep 3, 2024: Leipzig Church-Year Cantata Cycles: Bach's Grand Design (); Sep 8, 2024: Bach's Chorales: Bibliographical Articles (); Sep 30, 2024: Chorale Cantata Cycle: Middle Trinity Time (); Nov 5, 2024: Diverse Late Trinity Time Cantatas (); and the 3-Year Lectionary Dec 9+12+19, 2024: Special Occasions Music, Hymnal Lectionaries (). 3-Year Common Lectionary, Bach's Works The 3-year Revised Common Lectionary shows:? 1st Sunday of Advent is the beginning of the de tempore which is found currently in Year C, emphasizing the Gospel of Luke, 1 December 2024, Luke 21:25-36 (Coming of Son of Man, ), preferred Cantata 70(a).1 (orig. Advent 2 1716, ; Cantata 70.2 (Trinity 26 1723, , , ), alternate Cantata 61 (, ); Year A, emphasizing the Gospel of Matthew, 30 November 2025, Matthew 24:36-44 (Necessity for Watchfulness, ), preferred Cantata 62 (, , alternate Cantata 127 (, ); Year B, emphasizing Gospel of Mark, 29 November 2026, Mark 13:24-37 (Coming of Son of Man, Lesson of Fig Tree, Necessity for Watchfulness), preferred Cantata 61 (see Year C above, alternate), alternate Cantata 70 (? Bach's one-year lectionary, Gospel Matthew 21:1-11 (Jesus''entry into Jerusalem, .), preferred Cantata 61 (see above, Year C alternate).? 2nd Sunday of Advent:? currently Year C, Gospel of Luke, 8 December 2024, Luke 3:1-6 (Proclamation of John the Baptist, ), preferred Cantata 132 (original, Advent 4 2015, , , ), alternate Cantata 62 (see Year A above); Year A, Gospel of Matthew, 7 December 2025, Matthew 3:1-12 (Proclamation of John the Baptist, ), preferred Cantata 90 (, ), alternate Cantata 30.2 (original, Feast of John the Baptist 1738, , ); Year B, Gospel of Mark, 6 December 2026, Mark 1:1-8 (Proclamation of John the Baptist, ), preferred Cantata 30.2/1 (see Year A above), alternate Cantata 132 (see above, Year C); Bach's one-year lectionary, Gospel Luke 21:25-36 (Son of Man coming, fig tree parable, ), preferred Cantata 70 (see above, Advent 1, Year C preferred).? 3rd Sunday of Advent, currently Year C, Gospel of Luke, 8 December 2024, Luke 3:1-6 (Proclamation of John the Baptist, ), preferred Cantata 136 (, ), alternate Cantata 168 (, ); Year A, Gospel of Matthew, 14 December 2025, Matthew 11:2-11 (Messengers from John the Baptist, Jesus Praises John the Baptist, ), preferred Cantata 186.1(a) (original Advent 3 reconstruction, , ; 186(.2), Trinity 7 1723, ), alternate Cantata 152 (Sunday after Christmas 1714, , ); Year B, usually Gospel of Mark, 13 December 2026, John 1:6-8, 19-28 (Testimony of John the Baptist, ), preferred Cantata 30.2/2 (see above, 2nd Sunday of Advent Year A alternate Cantata 30.2), alternate Cantata 167 (Feast of John the Baptist 1723, , ); Bach's one-year lectionary, Gospel Matthew 11:2-15 (John the Baptist, ).? 4th Sunday of Advent:? currently Year C, Gospel of Luke, 22 December 2024, Luke 1:39-55 (Mary's Magnificat, ), preferred BWV 243.1, Magnificat anima mea (, ), alternative BWV 10, German Magnificat (, ); Year A, Gospel of Matthew, 21 December 2025, Matthew (Birth of Jesus, Messiah, ), preferred Cantata 36.4 (, ), alternate Cantata 40 (, ); Year B, usually Gospel of Mark, 20 December 2026, Luke 1:26-38 (Birth of Jesus Foretold, ), preferred Cantata 1 (Annunciation 1725, , ), alternate Cantata 147(a).1 (Advent 4 1716,? , ); Bach's one-year lectionary, Gospel John 1:6-8, 19-28 (John the Baptist, ), preferred Cantata 186 (see Above, Advent 3, Year A). Christmas Festival Special Occasions The three-day Christmas Festival on 25 December actually begins earlier with three special occasions, says Setterlund (Ibid.;? 148), citing the Lutheran Service Book (2006, LCMS, Years ABC & 1-Year Lectionary):? Nativity of Our Lord, Christmas Eve, 24 December 2024, Gospel Matthew 1:18-25 (Birth of Jesus, Messiah, ), preferred Cantatas 40, 36, 121, 36; Christmas Midnight, 25 December 2024, Gospel Luke 2:1-14 (Birth of Jesus, ), preferred Cantatas 110, 121, 248/1, 248/1; Christmas Dawn, 25 December 2024, Luke 2:15-20 (Shepherds' Adoration, ):? Cantatas 91, 151, 248/2, 248/2.? Evangelical Lutheran Worship (ELCA) and Lutheran Service Book (both published in 2006) lists the 3 Propers of the Nativity of Our Lord:? Proper i, Christmas Eve, 24 December 2024:? Year C, Gospel Luke 2:1-14 (Birth of Jesus, see above), preferred Cantata 248/1 (, ), alternate Cantata 151 (3rd Day of Christmas, 27 December 2025, , ); Year A, Gospel Luke 2:1-20 (Birth of Jesus, ), preferred chorale Cantata 110 (1st Christmas Day 1725, , ), alternate Cantata 248/1 (Birth of Jesus, see above); Year B, Gospel Luke 2:1-14 (Birth of Jesus, see above), preferred Cantata 121 (2nd Christmas Day 1724, , ), alternate Cantata 91 (1st Christmas Day 1724, , ).? Proper ii, Christmas Dawn, 25 December, Year C, Gospel Luke 2:8-20 (Birth of Jesus, see above), preferred Cantata 248/2 (2nd Christmas Day, 26 December 1734, , ), alternate Cantata 121 (see above, 2nd Christmas Day 1724);? Year A, 25 December, Gospel? Luke 2:8-20 (Shepherds' Adoration, 0), preferred Cantata 91 (see above, 1st Christmas Day 1724), alternate, Cantata 248/2 (Und es waren Hirten, 2nd Christmas Day, 26 December 1734, , ); Year B, usually Mark Gospel, 25 December 2026, Luke 2:8-20 (see above, Shepherds Adoration), preferred Cantata 151 (see above, Proper 1, Year C, 3rd day of Christmas), alternate Cantata 133 (3d Day of Christmas, 1724, , ),? Proper iii, Christmas Day, 25 December:? Year C, preferred Gospel Luke, 25 December 2024, Gospel John 1:1-14 (Word Became Flesh, ), preferred Cantata 248/3 (3rd Christmas Day 1734, , ), alternate Cantata 63 (Christmas Day 1714, 1723, , ); Year A, usually Luke Gospel, 25 December 2025, Gospel John 1:1-14 (Word Became Flesh, above Year C), preferred Cantata 133 (3rd Day of Christmas 1724, see above Proper ii, Christmas Dawn, Year B), alternate Cantata 248/3 (see Year C above); Year B, 25 December 2026, John 1:1-14 (Word Became Flesh, see Year C above), preferred Cantata 63 (see alternate Cantata 63 at Year C above), alternate Cantata 110 (see Proper I, Christmas Eve, Year A above).? 2nd Day of Christmas (), 26 December 2024, Gospel Luke 2:8-14 (Annunciation to Shepherds, ), preferred Cantatas 40 (1723, , ), 121 (1724, , ), 248/2 (1734, Und es waren hirten); alternate St. Stephen, Deacon & Martyr, 26 December 1725, Gospel Acts 6:8-7:2a, 51-60 (Choosing of 7, Stephen Stoned), preferred Cantata 57 (, ), alternate Cantata 46 (Destruction of Jerusalem Temple, Luke 19:41-48 (Jesus Weeps Over Jerusalem).? 3rd Day of Christmas ():? Gospel John 1:1-14 (In Beginning, John's Day ), 27 December 2024, Gospel John 1:1-14 (Prologue:? Word Became Flesh, John Evangelist Day ), preferred Cantata 64 (27 December 1723, , ), alternate chorale Cantata 133 (27 December 1724, see above, Proper ii, Christmas Dawn, Year B), Cantata 151 (27 December 1725, , ); alternate Gospel Luke 2:15-20 (Adoration of Shepherds, ), preferred Cantata 248/3 (27 December 1734, , ). 1st Sunday after Christmas:? Year C, 29 December 2024, Gospel Luke 2:41-52 (Jesus teaches in Temple, ),?preferred Cantata 152 (, ).? Year A, 28 December 2025, Gospel Matthew 2: 13-23 (Escape to Egypt, Massacre of Infants, ), preferred Cantata 122 (31 December 1724, , ).? Year B, 27 December 2026, Luke 2:22-40 (Jesus & Simeon, ), preferred Cantata 28.2? (, ).? Bach's one-year lectionary, Gospel Luke 2:22-40 (Jesus presented in Temple, ).? Circumcision & Name of Jesus:? Year C,? 1 January 2025, Gospel Luke 2:15-21 (Circumcision and Naming of Jesus, ), preferred Cantata 248/4 (, ), alternate Cantata 143 (, ); five cantatas are listed for New Year's Day (; BWV 143 II (before 1713), 190.1 (1724), 41 (1725), 16 (1726), 171 (1729); ), two others are appropriate:? BWV 248/4, "Fallt mit Danken, fallt mit Loben," 1 January 1735; also are C?then profane vocal serenades for New Year's:? BWV 134a, "Die Zeit, die Tag und Jahre macht" (1719), BWV 1150=Anh. 197, incipit "Ihr wallen den Wolken," 1717-1723; BWV 1151=Anh 6, "Dich loben die lieblichen Strahlen der Sonne" (1720); BWV 184a, no text, only parts (1721); no sources (1722, Bach paid Carmina printing); BWV 1152=Anh. 8, title unknown (1723); J. F. Fasch:? Cantata "Gehet zu seinen Thoren ein," FWV D:G 1, ?1729-35), BWV 194a(1), H?chsterwünschtes Freudenfest (1717-23).? Year A, 1 January 2026, Gospel Luke 2;15-21 (Shepherds' Annunciation, ), preferred Cantata? 28 (, ), alternate BWV 248/4 (see above, Year C).? Year B, Gospel Luke 2:15-21 (Shepherds' Annunciation), preferred Cantata 190.1 (, ), alternate cantata 171 (, ). 2nd Sunday after Christmas (Sunday after New Year):? Year C, 5 January 2025, John 1:1-18 (Word became flesh, ), preferred Cantata 171 (see above Name of Jesus, Year B), alternate Cantata 190 (see above, Name of Jesus, Year B).? Year A, 4 January 2026, Gospel John 1:1-18 (see above, Year C), preferred Cantata 41 (, ), alternate Cantata 173.2 (, ).? Year B, 3 January 2027, John 1:1-18 (see above, Year A & C), preferred chorale Cantata 122 (, ), alternate Cantata 40 (Christmas Day 2 1723, Adoration of Shepherds, , ).? Bach's one-year lectionary, Gospel Matthew 2:13-23 (Escape to Egypt, Massacre of Infants, Return; https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%202%3A13-23&version=RSV Epiphany of Our Lord:? Year C, 6 January 2025, Gospel Matthew 2:1-12 (Visit of Wise Men, ), preferred Cantatas 248/5, Ehre sei dir Gott gesungen (:? scroll down to "Discussions in the Week of January 14, 2018 (4th round),"? , ; 248/6, Herr, wenn die stolzen Feinde schnauben (:? scroll down to "," ), alternate Cantata 16 (, ), Year A, 6 January 2026, Gospel Matthew 2:1-12 (Visit of Wise Men, ), preferred Cantata 65 (, ), alternate Cantatas 248/5 & 6 (see above, ).? Year B, 6 January 2027, Gospel Matthew 2:1-12 (Visit of Wise Men, ), preferred Cantata 16 (see above, Year C alternate Cantata 16.? Bach's one-year lectionary, Matthew 2:1-12 (Visit of Wise Men, see above, Year C).? Besides Cantatas BWV 248/5 & 6, and 65, the BCW in the Bach 1726 3rd cantata cycle performing calendar (), he presented a mini-series of Darmstadt poet Georg Christian Lehms cantatas () during January possibly using Telemann's setting of Lehms, "Ich freue mich im Herren," TWV 1:826 (), followed in February by a cantata mini-series of cousin Johann Ludwig Bach for later epiphany and pre-Lenten gesimae Sundays (see ).? Omitted from the Lutheran Church Year Bach Epiphany dates are BWV 217, "Gedenke, Herr, wie es uns gehet," for the 1st Sunday after Epiphany, after 1725, composer unknown (, possibly attributed to Bach student Johann Christoph Altnikol, 0.? During this period in 1726, Bach's compositional activities were confined to the first version of the St. Matthew Passion, BWV 244.1, which Bach premiered in 1727, possibly for single ensemble. Special de tempore Single-Day Events Special single-day festive events during early de tempore:? St. Andrew, Apostle, 30 November 1724, Gospel John 1:35-42 (First Disciples of Jesus, ), preferred Cantata 9 (, ); St. Stephen, Martyr, 26 December 1725, Gospel Acts 6:8-14, 54-60 (Arrest, Stoning, ), preferred Cantata 57, ? , ); St. John, Apostle & Evangelist, 27 December 1724, Gospel 1 John 3:1 (Love the father has given, ) preferred Cantata 64 (, );? Holy Innocent Martyrs, 28 December 2024 (), Gospel Matthew 2:13-18 (Escape to Egypt, Massacre of Innocents, ), preferred Cantata 58 (Sunday after New Year, 5 January 1725; , ); New Year's Eve, 31 December (), Gospel Luke 12:35-42 (Son of Man coming at unexpected hour, ), preferred Cantata 28 (see above, Circumcision & Naming of Jesus, Year A). ENDNOTES 1 John S. Setterlund, Bach Through the Year: The Church Music of Johann Sebastian Bach and the Revised Common Lectionary (Minneapolis MN, Lutheran University Press 2013:? 50f), , ). ————— To Come:? Chorale Cantata Cycle:? Assumptions, Challenges --
William Hoffman |
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Re: Special Occasions Music, Hymnal Lectionaries
?The Wartburg Project () has advocated for the use of the 3-Year Revised Common Lectionary and its Evangelical Heritage Version of the Bible as well as special occasional services ().? Among the services and the designated biblical lessons are the following:? Lessons and Carols Service (); Easter Vigil (, ), Bach works cited in John S. Setterlund, Bach Through the Year; Good Friday Tenebrae Service (); Presentation of the Augsburg Confession (June 25-27, ) for which Bach parodied three cantatas, BWV 190.2(a), 120.3(b), 1139.1=Anh. 4a; Christmas Eve Service of Nine Lessons (); Good Friday Service of Seven Words ().? ? 1 John S. Setterlund, Bach Through the Year: The Church Music of Johann Sebastian Bach and the Revised Common Lectionary (Minneapolis MN, Lutheran University Press 2013:? 50f), , ; cited are Year A, BWV 66 and 31, Year B, BWV 1245 and 137; and Year C, BWV 249.4 and 4. ? The 2006 Evangelical Lutheran Worship hymnal of the ELCA in its topical hymns section after the church year has the following:? End Time, Holy Baptism, Holy Communion, Word God, Gathering, Sending, Morning, Evening, Vocation/Ministry, Marriage, Grace/Faith, Confession/Forgiveness, Healing, Hope/Assurance, Community in Christ, Witness, Stewardship, Lament, Justice/Peace, Creation, Prayer, Trust/Guidance, Commitment/Discipleship, Praise/Thanksgiving. ? Addendum:? This concludes the current Bach Mailing List (BML) discussion, from Aug 6, 2024: Trinity Time Lectionary to Nov 5, 2024: Diverse Late Trinity Time Cantatas, 3-Year Lectionary (), with the primary emphasis on the 3-year Revised Common Lectionary which offers various special occasions in the Lutheran hymnals, celebrating their half millennium, as well as materials on the chorale cantata cycle during omes tempore Trinity Time.? This posting is part of the last discussion, "Special Occasions Music, Hymnal Lectionaries" (/g/Bach/topic/110087000). These two topics on the 3-year lectionary and the chorale cantata cycle de tempore half of the church year on the ministry of Jesus Christ continue into 2025. --
William Hoffman |
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Special Occasions Music, Hymnal Lectionaries
Bach's Leipzig musical legacy involves three cycles of church-year cantatas as musical sermons for some 60 each of Sunday and feast day services, as well as the transformation of parodied works (, ), special mini-series (), cycles of extended Christological works such as oratorios and Latin Church music (, , ), and special church music of joy and sorrow for weddings, funerals and special events (, ), and praise/thanksgiving special services ().? The World of the Bach Chorale Settings is an amazing, unique experience and is discussed at .? It involves the instrumental organ works () of free sonatas, preludes, fugues, and concertos, BWV 525-98,? and organ chorale preludes of the 翱谤驳别濒产ü肠丑濒别颈苍, Schubler, Great 18, Clavierübung III, Kirnberger/Miscellaneous, and "Neumeister" collections, BWV 599-771, 1090-1120. ? Lutheran Hymnals:? Half-Millennium ? Further, this year marks the half millennium of Lutheran Hymnals, 1524-2024, observes Robin A. Leaver1 in A New Song We Now Begin.? This is the title of Martin Luther's martyrs ballad, the first hymn of the Reformation and part of the first Lutheran hymnal printed in 1524 in Johann Walther''s Wittenberg hymnal, Achtliederbuch ().? The Leipzig cantor and music director took advantage of every opportunity to fashion further original and recycled church music for a great variety of special works.? The key to this treasure trove is the liturgical and musical Evangelical Lutheran Worship of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of America (ELCA) with its church-year Sunday services and principal festivals, as well as the lesser festivals, commemorations, and occasions, published in 2006, and its special annex publication, Revised Common Lectionary (RCL) Daily Readings,2 found in three church years:? A (Matthew's gospel, fixed Lukan Marian Feasts and selective services from John's non-synoptic gospel; ), Year B (Mark's gospel plus the Lucan feasts, Johannine services, and special Matthew services such as New Year's Day, Epiphany Feast, Ash Wednesday, Easter Evening [Saturday Vigil of Easter], 3rd Sunday of Easter, Ascension Feast, Marian Visitation Feast [May 31], and Thanksgiving Day [November 28]; ); and C (Luke's gospel plus the Johannine and Matthew services (). ? 3-Year Lectionary ? Using the RCL special annex, John S. Setterlund's3 current 3-year Bach Through the Year Revised Common Lectionary, following the established church year readings through the end of the year, omnes tempore Trinity Time (pp. 3-115), with most as moveable dates and a few as fixed dates, involving 18 special occasions for Bach church music pieces:? Dedication or Anniversary of a Church, Saints, Martyrs, Missionaries, Renewers of the Church, Renewers of Society, Pastors and Bishops, Theologians and Teachers, Artists and Scientists, Marriage, Christian Unity, Harvest, Day of Penitence, Day of Mourning, National Holiday, Peace, Stewardship of Creation, and New Year's Eve.? as well as 17 occasions in the Supplement? Alternative Lectionary Christian Worship (WELS 1993, Milwaukee:? Northwestern Pub.:? 174f, :? Christian Education, Church Anniversary, Church Dedication, Environment, Evangelism, Family, Installation/Ordination, Nation, Organ Dedication, School Dedication, Social Concern, Stewardship, Synod, Thanksgiving Day, Time of Crisis, Worker Training, and World Missions.? The Supplement of Alternative Lectionaries has contemporary, overlapping, often varied date observances found in the Lutheran Service Book (LCMS 2006, St. Louis MO, Concordia Publishing:? xxiii; ): ? Anniversary of a Congregation, Mission Observance, Harvest Observance, Day of Thanksgiving, Day of Supplication and Prayer, and Day of National or Local Tragedy.? ? German Hymnody ? Many chorale observances are related to various Christian denominations hymns, most notably the Catholic church chant which Luther adapted using the melody and translating the text into German vernacular, as well as the 1719 translation of the 10 metrical psalms (10, 12, 13, 51, 67, 117, 124 [two versions], 127, 130) "that had an enormous impact on Protestant worship, especially in the Reformed/Calvinist tradition, says Leaver (Ibid.:42).? The metrical psalms were the third part of the Lutheran Reformation hymnal, which in its variety and diversity also contained chorale hymns for church year seasons and feasts, teaching Catechism hymns, liturgical psalms, other new song, old church hymns, contemporary evangelical hymns, and prose canticles, as outlined by Leaver in another publication.4? Out of this, Bach fashioned vocal and instrumental chorale sacred song collections, notably his vocal works involving unique chorale cantata cycle (, Plain Chorales, BWV 250-438 (c.1730, ), and the Schmelli Gesangbuch, BWV 437-509 (1736. ; and the 翱谤驳别濒产ü肠丑濒别颈苍 Collection, BWV 599-644 (1708-17, ); Great 18 (Leipzig) Organ Chorale Collection, BWV 651-668 (1740-50, ); Clavierübung III (Mass & Catechism Chorales), BWV 669-689 (1735-39, ); and Schubler Chorales, 645-50 (1746, ).? A notable event was the 1539 publication of the first Lutheran hymnal Wittenburg edition in Leipzig.? The development of German Hymns from the Reformation of 1517 to 1900 is described in the article of Carl F. Schalk5 "German Hymnody" through the periods of Early Reformation (c.1517-1577); Lutheran Orthodoxy/Scholasticism (1577-1617); Paul Gerhard, 30 Years War, Development of New Literary Concerns (1618-1675), Pietism (16750-1750), Rationalism (1750-1816), Efforts Towards Recovery, and Confessional Revival (1817-1900). ? ? Current Hymnal Lectionaries. ? Leaver's new book, A New Song We Now Begin:? Celebrating the Half-Millennium of Lutheran Hymnals, is divided into two parts, the first being The German Background from the 1524 earliest hymnals to the established structure and crucial resources of the Wittenburg hymnals published by Klug from 1529.? The structure was the church year hymns form the initial group, hymns on the various sections of the Catechism, metrical versions of individual psalms, and so on.? The three crucial resources are 1. a revision and expansion of Luther's 1522 prayer book of "the chief doctrines of the faith" (Leaver Ibid.:? 64), Ten Commandments, Creed, Lord's Prayer; the Small and Large Catechisms; and "the first (more or less) complete hymnal in Wittenberg" as "all three publications was the product of more than a decade off development."? The second part of Leaver's A New Song We Now Begin focuses on the influential American hymnals from the distinct Lutheran denominations. ? In the second half of the 19th century various Lutheran hymnal lectionaries were developed in North America to represent four varied confessional Lutheran denominations, still in existence:? Lutheran Service Book (LCMS, 2006, ), Evangelical Lutheran Worship (ELCA, 2006, ), Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary (ELS, 1996, ), and Christian Worship:? Hymnal (WELS, 2021, ). ? In addition, several hymnal supplements and special editions, as well as the 3-Year Revised Common Lectionary, are published to provide for special occasions and alternative resources (discussed below).? The new, three-year Revised Common Lectionary () was created in the 1960s for the Catholic and progressive Protestant churches with Year B representing the Gospel of Mark (2023-24); Year C, the Gospel of Luke; and Year A, the Gospel of Matthew. Important selective Johannine readings are found in all three years. Portions of the are read throughout , and are also used for other liturgical seasons including , , and where appropriate.? While the Lutheran Service Book has the Three-Year Lectionary, the Evangelical Lutheran Worship does not.? Fortress Press in 2005 published the Revised Common Lectionary:? Daily Readings for the church year from the Commission on Common Texts.? Appendix A lists Special (feast) Days of the Marian observances, Holy Cross (September 14), All-Saints (November 1) and Thanksgiving Day in November (USA) but does not include The Season of End Times6 (Year A, B, C; for details, see :? ) of the WELS which covers the four Sundays in November: ? Reformation Sunday (The First Sunday of End Time, 3 November 2024, , ); Last Judgment (The Second Sunday of End Time, 10 November 2024, ); Saints Triumph (Third Sunday of End Time, 17 November 2024, ); and Christ the King (The Fourth [Last] Sunday of End Times, Reign of Christ, 24 November 2024, ).? ? Influential American Hymnals ? In a special interview in the Lutheran Quarterly (), Leaver details the development of the "Influential American Hymnals" and their denominations, sometimes distinguished by different colors which replaced the confusing, contradictory German hymnals the settlers imported.? First was "Walther's Hymnal" "for the Missouri Synod Saxons" (German Evangelical Lutheran Synod) of 1847, the "Black Hymnal" involving Pietism and the unaltered Augsburg Confession.? More progressive Lutheran denominations followed the principles of the Enlightenment, known as Rationalism.? The first English-language "Black Book" was The Common Service Book (and Hymnal) of the Lutheran Church (), United Lutheran Church in America (Philadelphia: Board of Publication, 1917/18).? Its initial calendar of the church year and special occasions lists the Sundays in Lent and Easter in Latin.? In 1941, the "blue book," The Lutheran Hymnal () was published by the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America through Concordia Publishing House in St. Louis MO., also known as the Common Service Book Hymnal. ? Other doctrinal conflicts existed between German and Scandinavian denominations and Henry Muhlenberg's dream of one North American denomination and hymnal began with The Service Book and Hymnal (), known as the "Red Hymnal" of eight progressive denominations, published in 1958 by Augsburg Publishing in Minneapolis and the Lutheran Church in America (LCA) Board of Publication in Philadelphia.? The Lutheran Church Missouri Synod (LCMS) advocated one denomination and hymnal with the LCA and the American Lutheran Church in 1978 published the Lutheran Book of Worship (), known as the "Green Book." by Augsburg Publishing and the LCA. ? The LCMS had sought further changes in the liturgy and hymns and proceeded to publish its own hymnal, Lutheran Worship (), another "Blue Book," in 1982.? The two major American Lutheran denominations both published new hymnals in 2006:? the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America produced Evangelical Lutheran Worship (ELW, Minneapolis, Augsburg Fortress; ), which lists the Three-Year Lectionaries (Series A, B, C:? 1121-53), and The Lutheran Church — Missouri Synod created the Lutheran Service Book (Concordia Publishing, St. Louis: 2006; ), which list the Three-Year Lectionary (Series A, B, C:? xiv-xix), a "Purple hymnal." ? ? Three-Year Lectionaries ? Meanwhile, two conservative Lutheran denominations took a separate tact beginning in 1969, withdrawing from the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America (LCMS) and, while continuing to use The Lutheran Hymnal of 1941, in the 1990s developed two three-year lectionaries of daily readings:? Christian Worship:? A Lutheran Hymnal () of the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS) in 1993 and the Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary (ELH, ) of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod in 1996.? The WELS added more occasional services in its Christian Worship:? Supplement (2008, ) and in a new Christian Worship:? Hymnal (2021, ).? A summary of 3-year lectionaries is found at .? The 3-Year Lectionaries have the following seasons ():? Advent (4 Sundays), Christmas (Nativity, 2 Sundays after), Epiphany (feast, 4 Sundays after), Lent (Ash Wednesday, 5 Sundays), Easter (Resurrection [Easter Day], 5 Sundays after), Pentecost (24 Sundays after), End Times (4 Sundays), Occasional Services (16, ), Minor Festivals (Andrew, Thomas, Stephen, John the Evangelist, ). ? Hymnal Supplements, Special Editions ? "Beginning in the 1990s and extending into the new millennium, Lutheran Church bodies in the United States have been active in the planning, compiling, and publishing hymnal supplements," says Leaver (A New Song We Now Begin, Ibid.:? 266ff), "books that fill two important functions":? ? to make newer hymns available and "an important means of evaluating potential new hymns for such a projected full hymnal."? The supplements show how "church bodies (and publishers) build successively on one another's work by tapping into some of the same emerging streams of hymnody." ? ? ? ? ? 1.? 1991. Hymnal Supplement 1991 (HS).? Chicago: GIA publications, .? This Roman Catholic publication is ''response to and an update of, the Lutheran Book of Worship where "several trends" cause the need for new materials:? "a virtual explosion of new hymnody"; "language of worship should be sensitive to all people"; and the need "for a wider range of musical styles and expressions" (Ibid.;? iv).? New materials involve psalm settings and Christmas hymns, as well as new composers David Haas and Marty Haugen, author of "Holden Evening Prayer."? Its contents involve hymns for the Church Year with lesser Festivals (Jesus, Martyrs, Mary, Male Saints, Female Saints). 2.? 1995.? With One Voice:? A Lutheran Resource for Worship (WOV).? Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, ; contents, .? WOV builds on the HS diverse musical expression of African American spirituals, ethnic hymnody, women and American hymn writers, and contemporary hymns (see contents). 3.? 1998.? Hymnal Supplement 98 (HS 98), Mary Kay Stulken.? St. Louis:? Concordia (LCMS).? Additional resources from HS 1991 include Bach chorales, expanded hymnody from Africa, china, Latin America; contents, , . 4. ? 2008.? Christian Worship:? Supplement (CWS).? Milwaukee:? Northwestern (WELS), replaces? Christian Worship:? A Lutheran Hymnal 1993, with various accompaniments (; contents, . 5.? 2020.? All Creation Sings (ACS):? Evangelical Lutheran Worship Supplement.? Minneapolis;? Augsburg Fortress:? 2020; .? ELW supplement includes "a body of assembly songs" for 'a broad spectrum of worshiping communities (Ibid.:? 271), organized by liturgical year, then topic (same as in ELW); caution:? the title, "All Creation Sings," is used in various songs and activities. Also, Lutheran publisher Augsburg Fortress in 1999 created Bach for All Seasons:? Choir Book (Minneapolis:? Augsburg Fortress, 1999; contents, ; description, .? Besides church year and topical hymns, included is a transcription of Lutheran Main Service chorales from Luther's Deutsche Messe ().? Bach Mailing Lists has various written resources concerning chorales:? Selective bibliography, ; chorale-song collections, ; and recent chorale studies, .? The Lutheran Book of Worship (Ibid.:? 120) includes a Chorale service of Holy Communion for Reformation Day in the tradition of Luther's German Mass. ? Revised Common Lectionary: 18 Special Occasions ? Setterlund's current 3-year Revised Common Lectionary, following the established church year readings through Trinity Time (pp. 3-113), has 18 special occasions for church music (most not fixed dated but for individual churches from varying denominations, many overlapping occasions): Dedication or Anniversary of a Church, Saints, Martyrs, Missionaries, Renewers of the Church, Renewers of Society, Pastors & Bishops, Theologians & Teachers, Artists & Scientists, Marriage, Christian Unity, Harvest, Day of Penitence, Day of Mourning, National Holiday, Peace, Stewardship of Creation, and New Year''s Eve. ? 1.? Dedication or Church Anniversary, Gospel John 10:22-30, Jesus Is Rejected by Jews (), preferred Cantata 194.2 (, ), alternate Cantata 34.2 (, ). 2.? Saints, Gospel Luke 6:20-33, Blessings & Woes (), preferred Cantata 69.2 I (, ). 3.? Martyrs, Gospel Mark 8:34-38, And He called to Him the multitude (), preferred Cantata 56 (,? ). 4.? Missionaries.? Gospel, Luke 24:44-53, He said to them:? ''These are my words" (), preferred Cantata 44 (, ). 5.? Renewers of the Church, Gospel Mark 10:35-45, Request of James & John (0, preferred Cantata 106 (, ). 6.? Renewers of Society, Gospel Luke 6:20-36, Blessings & Woes (), preferred Cantata 24 (, ). 7.? Pastors & Bishops, Gospel John 21:15-17, Jesus to Peter;? feed my sheep (), preferred Cantata 6 (, ). 8.? Theologians & Teachers, Gospel John 17:18-23, Jesus prays for His Disciples (), preferred Cantata 71 (, ). 9. ? Artists & Scientists, Gospel Matthew 13:44-52, Three parables (), preferred Cantata 171 (, ). 10.? Marriage,? i, Gospel Genesis 2:21-24, God gave man a helper (), preferred Cantata 120a (:? "Wedding Cantata 120a: "Herr Gott, Beherrscher aller Dinge"), alternate Cantata 197.2 (, ). ii. Gospel Romans 12:1-2, New Life in Christ (), preferred Cantata 195.3 (, ), alternate Cantata 139 (, ). iii.? Sermon, Matthew 19:4-6, Male & Female:? One Flesh (0, preferred cantata 197.2 (, ), alternate Cantata 120a (see 10 i). 11.? Christian Unity, Gospel John 17:15-23, Jesus prays for His Disciples (), preferred Cantata 126 (, ). 12.? Harvest, Gospel Matthew 13:24-43, Parable of Weeds among Wheat (), preferred Cantata 14 (, ). 13. Day of Penitence. Gospel Luke 15:11-32, Parable of Prodigal & his Brother (), preferred Motet BWV 1083 (, ). 14.? Day of Mourning, Gospel Luke 10:25-37, Parable of Good Samaritan (), preferred Cantata 12 (, ); see also BML Occasional, Non-Liturgical Music of Sorrow (). 15.? National Holiday, Gospel Mark 12:13-17, Question about Paying Taxes (), preferred Cantata 119 (, ), alternate Cantata 163 (, ). 16.? Peace, Gospel John 15:9-12, Abide in my Love (), preferred Cantata 67 (, ). 17.? Stewardship of Creation, Gospel Luke 12:13-21, Parable of Rich Fool (), preferred Cantata 20 (, ). 18.? New Year's Eve, Gospel Matthew 25:31-46, Judgment of Nations (), preferred Cantata 28 (, ). ? WELS Christian Worship Hymnal:? 17 Special Occasions ? There are 17 special occasions in the Christian Worship Hymnal (WELS 1993, Milwaukee: Northwestern Publishing, cited in Setterlund's Bach Through the Year (Ibid.:? 174f):? Christian Education, Church Anniversary, Church Dedication, Environment, Evangelism, Family, Installation/Ordination, Nation, Organ Dedication, School Dedication, Social Concern, Stewardship, Synod, Thanksgiving Day, Time of Crisis, Worker Training, World Missions. 1.? Christian Education, Gospel Matthew 7:24-27, Hearer & Doers (), preferred Cantata 45 (, ).? 2.? Church Anniversary, Gospel John 17:1, 13-26, Jesus prays for his disciples (), preferred Cantata 100 III (, ). 3.? Church Dedication, Gospel Matthew 16:13-19, Peters declaration about Jesus (), preferred Cantata 194.2 (, ). 4.? Environment, Gospel Matthew 6:24-35, 开云体育 Two Masters (), preferred Cantata 187 (, ). 5.? Evangelism, Gospel John 1:35-42, First Disciples of Jesus (), preferred Cantata 9 (, ). 6.? Family, Gospel Mark 3:31-35, True Kindred of Jesus (), preferred Cantata 76 (, ). 7.? Installation/Ordination, Gospel, Matthew 9:35-10:4, Harvest Great, Laborers Few; 12 Apostles Named (), preferred Cantata 104 (, ). 8.? Nation, Gospel Matthew 22:15-22, Question about Paying Taxes (), preferred Cantata 163 (see above Revised Common Lectionary, 15. National Holiday). 9.? Organ Dedication, Gospel Luke 19:37-40, Jesus & Zacchaeus (), preferred Cantata 29 (, ); Cantata 194.2 was for church/organ dedication at St?rmthal, 2 November 1723 (, . 10.? School Dedication, Gospel Mark 10:13-16, Jesus Blesses Little Children (), preferred Cantata 139 (, ); Cantata BWV 1162=Anh 18 (details, ). 11.? Social Concern, Gospel Luke 6:20-36, Blessings & Woes (see above Revised Common Lectionary 6. Renewers of Society). 12.? Stewardship, Gospel Matthew 25:24-30, Parable of Talents (), preferred Cantata 14 (, ). 13.? Synod, Gospel John 17:13-21, Jesus prays for His Disciples (), preferred Cantata 98 I (, ).? 14.? Thanksgiving Day, Gospel Luke 17:11-19, Jesus Cleanses 10 Lepers (), preferred Cantata 192 (, ); Bach composed several cantatas for special services of joy and thanksgiving:? BWV 190, 120, 1139.2=Anh. 4, 232.2, 248.2/6, 191, 232.1 (Details, ); also the town council cantatas are in a special category of music of joy and thanksgiving:? 71, 119, 120, 29, 69, 193, 137, 1140=Anh 3, 1139.2=Anh 4, 1138=Anh 192, 1141=Anh 193.? A full accounting of the town council compositions and related cantatas is found in Martin Petzoldt's Bach-Komentar:? Vol. 3, Festive- & Casual Cantatas, Passions (Stuttgart:? International Bach Academy; Kassel:? B?renreiter:? 2018), Proprium (performance calendar):? 175f;? an early version of Cantata 143 may be one of the two lost Mühlhausen Ratswahl Cantatas:? 1709, BWV 1137=Anh. 192; 1710, BWV 1138, the other may be an early version of the choruses of Cantata 21/1,6,9,11. ? 15.? Time of Crisis, Luke 12:22-34, Do Not Worry (), preferred Cantata 80.3 (, ).? 16.? Worker Training, Gospel Matthew 20:1-6, Laborers in Vineyard (), preferred Cantata 184 ? (, ). 17.? World Missions.? Gospel Matthew 28:18-20, All Authority (), preferred Cantata 129 (, ). ? LCMS Supplement:? Seven Occasions ? The Supplement of Alternative Lectionaries has seven contemporary overlapping, often varied special date observances in the Lutheran Service Book (LCMS 2006, St. Louis MO, Concordia Publishing: 161, cited in Setterlund's Bach Through the Year (Ibid.:? 161); Lutheran Service Book: Pew Edition (Concordia): Anniversary of a Congregation, Mission Observance, Christian Education, Harvest Observance, Day of Thanksgiving, Day of Supplication and Prayer, Day of National or Local Tragedy: 1.? Anniversary of a Congregation, Gospel Luke 19:1-10, Jesus & Zacchaeus (), preferred Cantata 194.2 (, ).? 2.? Mission Observance, Gospel Luke 24:44-53, These Are My Words (), preferred Cantata 44 (, ). 3.? Christian Education, Gospel Luke 18:15-17, Jesus Blesses Little Children (), preferred Cantata 139 (, ). 4.? Harvest Observance, Gospel Luke 12:13-21, Parable of Rich Fool (), preferred Cantata 94 (), ). 5.? Day of Thanksgiving (see above, WELS 14). 6.? Day of Supplication & Prayer, Gospel Matthew 6:16-21, Concerning Fasting (), preferred Cantata 115 (, ). 7.? Day of National or Local Tragedy, Gospel Luke 13:1-9, Repent or Perish (), preferred Cantata 46 (, ); alternate Gospel Matthew 24:32-35, Repent or Perish (), preferred Cantata 70.2 (, ). ? Addendum:? A complete accounting of music Bach composed for special services is still being researched while some categories overlap or still need to be fully accounted for, such as in the Revised Common Lectionary, 10. Marriage has three new Testament readings, and many weddings for which Bach was responsible are still being determined and a special accounting will follow. ? ENDNOTES 1 Robin A. Leaver, ed., A New Song We Now Begin:? Celebrating the Half-Millennium of Lutheran Hymnals, Lutheran Quarterly Books (Minneapolis MN:? Fortress Press:? 2024),? description, , Leaver interview, ; music and 12 verses, , . 2 Revised Common Lectionary (RCL) Daily Readings (Nashville TN:? Abingdon Press:? 2005, Consultation on Common Texts, Minneapolis MN: Fortress Press); ; Appendix A Special Days (307-9, Marian feasts of the Presentation, February 2; Annunciation, March 25; Visitation, May 31 [was July 2], Holy Cross (September 14), All-Saints, November 1), and Thanksgiving Day (October Canada, November USA). 3 John S. Setterlund, Bach Through the Year: The Church Music of Johann Sebastian Bach and the Revised Common Lectionary (Minneapolis MN, Lutheran University Press 2013), , . 4 Robin A. Leaver publication, The Whole Church Sings:? Congregational Singing and Luther's Wittenberg, Calvin Institute of Christian Worship Liturgical Studies Series (Grand Rapids MI:? 2017:? 167-73), . ?5 Carl F. Schalk, "German Hymnody," in Marilyn Kay Stulken, Hymnal Companion to the Lutheran Book of Worship (Philadelphia PA: Fortress Press, 1981:? 19-33), ). ? 6 The Season of End Times, Scripture Selections from the Evangelical Heritage Version (c 2019 The Wartburg Project) following the Christian Worship:? A Lutheran Hymnal (c 1993 Northwestern Publishing House) 3-Year Lectionary:? Year A , Year B , Year C . --
William Hoffman |
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Special Occasions Music, Hymnal Lectionaries
Bach's Leipzig musical legacy involves three cycles of church-year cantatas as musical sermons for some 60 each of Sunday and feast day services, as well as the transformation of parodied works (, ), special mini-series (), cycles of extended Christological works such as oratorios and Latin Church music (, , ), and special church music of joy and sorrow for weddings, funerals and special events (, ), and praise/thanksgiving special services ().? The World of the Bach Chorale Settings is an amazing, unique experience and is discussed at .? It involves the instrumental organ works () of free sonatas, preludes, fugues, and concertos, BWV 525-98,? and organ chorale preludes of the 翱谤驳别濒产ü肠丑濒别颈苍, Schubler, Great 18, Clavierübung III, Kirnberger/Miscellaneous, and "Neumeister" collections, BWV 599-771, 1090-1120. Lutheran Hymnals:? Half-Millennium Further, this year marks the half millennium of Lutheran Hymnals, 1524-2024, observes Robin A. Leaver1 in A New Song We Now Begin.? This is the title of Martin Luther's martyrs ballad, the first hymn of the Reformation and part of the first Lutheran hymnal printed in 1524 in Johann Walther''s Wittenberg hymnal, Achtliederbuch ().? The Leipzig cantor and music director took advantage of every opportunity to fashion further original and recycled church music for a great variety of special works.? The key to this treasure trove is the liturgical and musical Evangelical Lutheran Worship of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of America (ELCA) with its church-year Sunday services and principal festivals, as well as the lesser festivals, commemorations, and occasions, published in 2006, and its special annex publication, Revised Common Lectionary (RCL) Daily Readings,2 found in three church years:? A (Matthew's gospel, fixed Lukan Marian Feasts and selective services from John's non-synoptic gospel; ), Year B (Mark's gospel plus the Lucan feasts, Johannine services, and special Matthew services such as New Year's Day, Epiphany Feast, Ash Wednesday, Easter Evening [Saturday Vigil of Easter], 3rd Sunday of Easter, Ascension Feast, Marian Visitation Feast [May 31], and Thanksgiving Day [November 28]; ); and C (Luke's gospel plus the Johannine and Matthew services (). 3-Year Lectionary Using the RCL special annex, John S. Setterlund's3 current 3-year Bach Through the Year Revised Common Lectionary, following the established church year readings through the end of the year, omnes tempore Trinity Time (pp. 3-115), with most as moveable dates and a few as fixed dates, involving 18 special occasions for Bach church music pieces:? Dedication or Anniversary of a Church, Saints, Martyrs, Missionaries, Renewers of the Church, Renewers of Society, Pastors and Bishops, Theologians and Teachers, Artists and Scientists, Marriage, Christian Unity, Harvest, Day of Penitence, Day of Mourning, National Holiday, Peace, Stewardship of Creation, and New Year's Eve.? as well as 17 occasions in the Supplement? Alternative Lectionary Christian Worship (WELS 1993, Milwaukee:? Northwestern Pub.:? 174f, :? Christian Education, Church Anniversary, Church Dedication, Environment, Evangelism, Family, Installation/Ordination, Nation, Organ Dedication, School Dedication, Social Concern, Stewardship, Synod, Thanksgiving Day, Time of Crisis, Worker Training, and World Missions.? The Supplement of Alternative Lectionaries has contemporary, overlapping, often varied date observances found in the Lutheran Service Book (LCMS 2006, St. Louis MO, Concordia Publishing:? xxiii; ): ? Anniversary of a Congregation, Mission Observance, Harvest Observance, Day of Thanksgiving, Day of Supplication and Prayer, and Day of National or Local Tragedy.? German Hymnody Many chorale observances are related to various Christian denominations hymns, most notably the Catholic church chant which Luther adapted using the melody and translating the text into German vernacular, as well as the 1719 translation of the 10 metrical psalms (10, 12, 13, 51, 67, 117, 124 [two versions], 127, 130) "that had an enormous impact on Protestant worship, especially in the Reformed/Calvinist tradition, says Leaver (Ibid.:42).? The metrical psalms were the third part of the Lutheran Reformation hymnal, which in its variety and diversity also contained chorale hymns for church year seasons and feasts, teaching Catechism hymns, liturgical psalms, other new song, old church hymns, contemporary evangelical hymns, and prose canticles, as outlined by Leaver in another publication.4? Out of this, Bach fashioned vocal and instrumental chorale sacred song collections, notably his vocal works involving unique chorale cantata cycle (, Plain Chorales, BWV 250-438 (c.1730, ), and the Schmelli Gesangbuch, BWV 437-509 (1736. ; and the 翱谤驳别濒产ü肠丑濒别颈苍 Collection, BWV 599-644 (1708-17, ); Great 18 (Leipzig) Organ Chorale Collection, BWV 651-668 (1740-50, ); Clavierübung III (Mass & Catechism Chorales), BWV 669-689 (1735-39, ); and Schubler Chorales, 645-50 (1746, ).? A notable event was the 1539 publication of the first Lutheran hymnal Wittenburg edition in Leipzig.? The development of German Hymns from the Reformation of 1517 to 1900 is described in the article of Carl F. Schalk5 "German Hymnody" through the periods of Early Reformation (c.1517-1577); Lutheran Orthodoxy/Scholasticism (1577-1617); Paul Gerhard, 30 Years War, Development of New Literary Concerns (1618-1675), Pietism (16750-1750), Rationalism (1750-1816), Efforts Towards Recovery, and Confessional Revival (1817-1900). ? Current Hymnal Lectionaries. Leaver's new book, A New Song We Now Begin:? Celebrating the Half-Millennium of Lutheran Hymnals, is divided into two parts, the first being The German Background from the 1524 earliest hymnals to the established structure and crucial resources of the Wittenburg hymnals published by Klug from 1529.? The structure was the church year hymns form the initial group, hymns on the various sections of the Catechism, metrical versions of individual psalms, and so on.? The three crucial resources are 1. a revision and expansion of Luther's 1522 prayer book of "the chief doctrines of the faith" (Leaver Ibid.:? 64), Ten Commandments, Creed, Lord's Prayer; the Small and Large Catechisms; and "the first (more or less) complete hymnal in Wittenberg" as "all three publications was the product of more than a decade off development."? The second part of Leaver's A New Song We Now Begin focuses on the influential American hymnals from the distinct Lutheran denominations. ? In the second half of the 19th century various Lutheran hymnal lectionaries were developed in North America to represent four varied confessional Lutheran denominations, still in existence:? Lutheran Service Book (LCMS, 2006, ), Evangelical Lutheran Worship (ELCA, 2006, ), Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary (ELS, 1996, ), and Christian Worship:? Hymnal (WELS, 2021, ). ? In addition, several hymnal supplements and special editions, as well as the 3-Year Revised Common Lectionary, are published to provide for special occasions and alternative resources (discussed below).? The new, three-year Revised Common Lectionary () was created in the 1960s for the Catholic and progressive Protestant churches with Year B representing the Gospel of Mark (2023-24); Year C, the Gospel of Luke; and Year A, the Gospel of Matthew. Important selective Johannine readings are found in all three years. Portions of the are read throughout , and are also used for other liturgical seasons including , , and where appropriate.? While the Lutheran Service Book has the Three-Year Lectionary, the Evangelical Lutheran Worship does not.? Fortress Press in 2005 published the Revised Common Lectionary:? Daily Readings for the church year from the Commission on Common Texts.? Appendix A lists Special (feast) Days of the Marian observances, Holy Cross (September 14), All-Saints (November 1) and Thanksgiving Day in November (USA) but does not include The Season of End Times6 (Year A, B, C; for details, see :? ) of the WELS which covers the four Sundays in November: ? Reformation Sunday (The First Sunday of End Time, 3 November 2024, , ); Last Judgment (The Second Sunday of End Time, 10 November 2024, ); Saints Triumph (Third Sunday of End Time, 17 November 2024, ); and Christ the King (The Fourth [Last] Sunday of End Times, Reign of Christ, 24 November 2024, ).? Influential American Hymnals In a special interview in the Lutheran Quarterly (), Leaver details the development of the "Influential American Hymnals" and their denominations, sometimes distinguished by different colors which replaced the confusing, contradictory German hymnals the settlers imported.? First was "Walther's Hymnal" "for the Missouri Synod Saxons" (German Evangelical Lutheran Synod) of 1847, the "Black Hymnal" involving Pietism and the unaltered Augsburg Confession.? More progressive Lutheran denominations followed the principles of the Enlightenment, known as Rationalism.? The first English-language "Black Book" was The Common Service Book (and Hymnal) of the Lutheran Church (), United Lutheran Church in America (Philadelphia: Board of Publication, 1917/18).? Its initial calendar of the church year and special occasions lists the Sundays in Lent and Easter in Latin.? In 1941, the "blue book," The Lutheran Hymnal () was published by the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America through Concordia Publishing House in St. Louis MO., also known as the Common Service Book Hymnal. ? Other doctrinal conflicts existed between German and Scandinavian denominations and Henry Muhlenberg's dream of one North American denomination and hymnal began with The Service Book and Hymnal (), known as the "Red Hymnal" of eight progressive denominations, published in 1958 by Augsburg Publishing in Minneapolis and the Lutheran Church in America (LCA) Board of Publication in Philadelphia.? The Lutheran Church Missouri Synod (LCMS) advocated one denomination and hymnal with the LCA and the American Lutheran Church in 1978 published the Lutheran Book of Worship (), known as the "Green Book." by Augsburg Publishing and the LCA. ? The LCMS had sought further changes in the liturgy and hymns and proceeded to publish its own hymnal, Lutheran Worship (), another "Blue Book," in 1982.? The two major American Lutheran denominations both published new hymnals in 2006:? the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America produced Evangelical Lutheran Worship (ELW, Minneapolis, Augsburg Fortress; ), which lists the Three-Year Lectionaries (Series A, B, C:? 1121-53), and The Lutheran Church — Missouri Synod created the Lutheran Service Book (Concordia Publishing, St. Louis: 2006; ), which list the Three-Year Lectionary (Series A, B, C:? xiv-xix), a "Purple hymnal." ? Three-Year Lectionaries Meanwhile, two conservative Lutheran denominations took a separate tact beginning in 1969, withdrawing from the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America (LCMS) and, while continuing to use The Lutheran Hymnal of 1941, in the 1990s developed two three-year lectionaries of daily readings:? Christian Worship:? A Lutheran Hymnal () of the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS) in 1993 and the Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary (ELH, ) of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod in 1996.? The WELS added more occasional services in its Christian Worship:? Supplement (2008, ) and in a new Christian Worship:? Hymnal (2021, ).? A summary of 3-year lectionaries is found at .? The 3-Year Lectionaries have the following seasons ():? Advent (4 Sundays), Christmas (Nativity, 2 Sundays after), Epiphany (feast, 4 Sundays after), Lent (Ash Wednesday, 5 Sundays), Easter (Resurrection [Easter Day], 5 Sundays after), Pentecost (24 Sundays after), End Times (4 Sundays), Occasional Services (16, ), Minor Festivals (Andrew, Thomas, Stephen, John the Evangelist, ). Hymnal Supplements, Special Editions "Beginning in the 1990s and extending into the new millennium, Lutheran Church bodies in the United States have been active in the planning, compiling, and publishing hymnal supplements," says Leaver (A New Song We Now Begin, Ibid.:? 266ff), "books that fill two important functions":? ? to make newer hymns available and "an important means of evaluating potential new hymns for such a projected full hymnal."? The supplements show how "church bodies (and publishers) build successively on one another's work by tapping into some of the same emerging streams of hymnody." ? ? ? ? ? 1.? 1991. Hymnal Supplement 1991 (HS).? Chicago: GIA publications, .? This Roman Catholic publication is ''response to and an update of, the Lutheran Book of Worship where "several trends" cause the need for new materials:? "a virtual explosion of new hymnody"; "language of worship should be sensitive to all people"; and the need "for a wider range of musical styles and expressions" (Ibid.;? iv).? New materials involve psalm settings and Christmas hymns, as well as new composers David Haas and Marty Haugen, author of "Holden Evening Prayer."? Its contents involve hymns for the Church Year with lesser Festivals (Jesus, Martyrs, Mary, Male Saints, Female Saints). 2.? 1995.? With One Voice:? A Lutheran Resource for Worship (WOV).? Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, ; contents, .? WOV builds on the HS diverse musical expression of African American spirituals, ethnic hymnody, women and American hymn writers, and contemporary hymns (see contents). 3.? 1998.? Hymnal Supplement 98 (HS 98), Mary Kay Stulken.? St. Louis:? Concordia (LCMS).? Additional resources from HS 1991 include Bach chorales, expanded hymnody from Africa, china, Latin America; contents, , . 4. ? 2008.? Christian Worship:? Supplement (CWS).? Milwaukee:? Northwestern (WELS), replaces? Christian Worship:? A Lutheran Hymnal 1993, with various accompaniments (; contents, . 5.? 2020.? All Creation Sings (ACS):? Evangelical Lutheran Worship Supplement.? Minneapolis;? Augsburg Fortress:? 2020; .? ELW supplement includes "a body of assembly songs" for 'a broad spectrum of worshiping communities (Ibid.:? 271), organized by liturgical year, then topic (same as in ELW); caution:? the title, "All Creation Sings," is used in various songs and activities. Also, Lutheran publisher Augsburg Fortress in 1999 created Bach for All Seasons:? Choir Book (Minneapolis:? Augsburg Fortress, 1999; contents, ; description, .? Besides church year and topical hymns, included is a transcription of Lutheran Main Service chorales from Luther's Deutsche Messe ().? Bach Mailing Lists has various written resources concerning chorales:? Selective bibliography, ; chorale-song collections, ; and recent chorale studies, .? The Lutheran Book of Worship (Ibid.:? 120) includes a Chorale service of Holy Communion for Reformation Day in the tradition of Luther's German Mass. Revised Common Lectionary: 18 Special Occasions Setterlund's current 3-year Revised Common Lectionary, following the established church year readings through Trinity Time (pp. 3-113), has 18 special occasions for church music (most not fixed dated but for individual churches from varying denominations, many overlapping occasions): Dedication or Anniversary of a Church, Saints, Martyrs, Missionaries, Renewers of the Church, Renewers of Society, Pastors & Bishops, Theologians & Teachers, Artists & Scientists, Marriage, Christian Unity, Harvest, Day of Penitence, Day of Mourning, National Holiday, Peace, Stewardship of Creation, and New Year''s Eve. 1.? Dedication or Church Anniversary, Gospel John 10:22-30, Jesus Is Rejected by Jews (), preferred Cantata 194.2 (, ), alternate Cantata 34.2 (, ). 2.? Saints, Gospel Luke 6:20-33, Blessings & Woes (), preferred Cantata 69.2 I (, ). 3.? Martyrs, Gospel Mark 8:34-38, And He called to Him the multitude (), preferred Cantata 56 (,? ). 4.? Missionaries.? Gospel, Luke 24:44-53, He said to them:? ''These are my words" (), preferred Cantata 44 (, ). 5.? Renewers of the Church, Gospel Mark 10:35-45, Request of James & John (0, preferred Cantata 106 (, ). 6.? Renewers of Society, Gospel Luke 6:20-36, Blessings & Woes (), preferred Cantata 24 (, ). 7.? Pastors & Bishops, Gospel John 21:15-17, Jesus to Peter;? feed my sheep (), preferred Cantata 6 (, ). 8.? Theologians & Teachers, Gospel John 17:18-23, Jesus prays for His Disciples (), preferred Cantata 71 (, ). 9. ? Artists & Scientists, Gospel Matthew 13:44-52, Three parables (), preferred Cantata 171 (, ). 10.? Marriage,? i, Gospel Genesis 2:21-24, God gave man a helper (), preferred Cantata 120a (:? "Wedding Cantata 120a: "Herr Gott, Beherrscher aller Dinge"), alternate Cantata 197.2 (, ). ii. Gospel Romans 12:1-2, New Life in Christ (), preferred Cantata 195.3 (, ), alternate Cantata 139 (, ). iii.? Sermon, Matthew 19:4-6, Male & Female:? One Flesh (0, preferred cantata 197.2 (, ), alternate Cantata 120a (see 10 i). 11.? Christian Unity, Gospel John 17:15-23, Jesus prays for His Disciples (), preferred Cantata 126 (, ). 12.? Harvest, Gospel Matthew 13:24-43, Parable of Weeds among Wheat (), preferred Cantata 14 (, ). 13. Day of Penitence. Gospel Luke 15:11-32, Parable of Prodigal & his Brother (), preferred Motet BWV 1083 (, ). 14.? Day of Mourning, Gospel Luke 10:25-37, Parable of Good Samaritan (), preferred Cantata 12 (, ); see also BML Occasional, Non-Liturgical Music of Sorrow (). 15.? National Holiday, Gospel Mark 12:13-17, Question about Paying Taxes (), preferred Cantata 119 (, ), alternate Cantata 163 (, ). 16.? Peace, Gospel John 15:9-12, Abide in my Love (), preferred Cantata 67 (, ). 17.? Stewardship of Creation, Gospel Luke 12:13-21, Parable of Rich Fool (), preferred Cantata 20 (, ). 18.? New Year's Eve, Gospel Matthew 25:31-46, Judgment of Nations (), preferred Cantata 28 (, ). WELS Christian Worship Hymnal:? 17 Special Occasions There are 17 special occasions in the Christian Worship Hymnal (WELS 1993, Milwaukee: Northwestern Publishing, cited in Setterlund's Bach Through the Year (Ibid.:? 174f):? Christian Education, Church Anniversary, Church Dedication, Environment, Evangelism, Family, Installation/Ordination, Nation, Organ Dedication, School Dedication, Social Concern, Stewardship, Synod, Thanksgiving Day, Time of Crisis, Worker Training, World Missions. 1.? Christian Education, Gospel Matthew 7:24-27, Hearer & Doers (), preferred Cantata 45 (, ).? 2.? Church Anniversary, Gospel John 17:1, 13-26, Jesus prays for his disciples (), preferred Cantata 100 III (, ). 3.? Church Dedication, Gospel Matthew 16:13-19, Peters declaration about Jesus (), preferred Cantata 194.2 (, ). 4.? Environment, Gospel Matthew 6:24-35, 开云体育 Two Masters (), preferred Cantata 187 (, ). 5.? Evangelism, Gospel John 1:35-42, First Disciples of Jesus (), preferred Cantata 9 (, ). 6.? Family, Gospel Mark 3:31-35, True Kindred of Jesus (), preferred Cantata 76 (, ). 7.? Installation/Ordination, Gospel, Matthew 9:35-10:4, Harvest Great, Laborers Few; 12 Apostles Named (), preferred Cantata 104 (, ). 8.? Nation, Gospel Matthew 22:15-22, Question about Paying Taxes (), preferred Cantata 163 (see above Revised Common Lectionary, 15. National Holiday). 9.? Organ Dedication, Gospel Luke 19:37-40, Jesus & Zacchaeus (), preferred Cantata 29 (, ); Cantata 194.2 was for church/organ dedication at St?rmthal, 2 November 1723 (, . 10.? School Dedication, Gospel Mark 10:13-16, Jesus Blesses Little Children (), preferred Cantata 139 (, ); Cantata BWV 1162=Anh 18 (details, ). 11.? Social Concern, Gospel Luke 6:20-36, Blessings & Woes (see above Revised Common Lectionary 6. Renewers of Society). 12.? Stewardship, Gospel Matthew 25:24-30, Parable of Talents (), preferred Cantata 14 (, ). 13.? Synod, Gospel John 17:13-21, Jesus prays for His Disciples (), preferred Cantata 98 I (, ).? 14.? Thanksgiving Day, Gospel Luke 17:11-19, Jesus Cleanses 10 Lepers (), preferred Cantata 192 (, ); Bach composed several cantatas for special services of joy and thanksgiving:? BWV 190, 120, 1139.2=Anh. 4, 232.2, 248.2/6, 191, 232.1 (Details, ); also the town council cantatas are in a special category of music of joy and thanksgiving:? 71, 119, 120, 29, 69, 193, 137, 1140=Anh 3, 1139.2=Anh 4, 1138=Anh 192, 1141=Anh 193.? A full accounting of the town council compositions and related cantatas is found in Martin Petzoldt's Bach-Komentar:? Vol. 3, Festive- & Casual Cantatas, Passions (Stuttgart:? International Bach Academy; Kassel:? B?renreiter:? 2018), Proprium (performance calendar):? 175f;? an early version of Cantata 143 may be one of the two lost Mühlhausen Ratswahl Cantatas:? 1709, BWV 1137=Anh. 192; 1710, BWV 1138, the other may be an early version of the choruses of Cantata 21/1,6,9,11. ? 15.? Time of Crisis, Luke 12:22-34, Do Not Worry (), preferred Cantata 80.3 (, ).? 16.? Worker Training, Gospel Matthew 20:1-6, Laborers in Vineyard (), preferred Cantata 184 ? (, ). 17.? World Missions.? Gospel Matthew 28:18-20, All Authority (), preferred Cantata 129 (, ). LCMS Supplement:? Seven Occasions The Supplement of Alternative Lectionaries has seven contemporary overlapping, often varied special date observances in the Lutheran Service Book (LCMS 2006, St. Louis MO, Concordia Publishing: 161, cited in Setterlund's Bach Through the Year (Ibid.:? 161); Lutheran Service Book: Pew Edition (Concordia): Anniversary of a Congregation, Mission Observance, Christian Education, Harvest Observance, Day of Thanksgiving, Day of Supplication and Prayer, Day of National or Local Tragedy: 1.? Anniversary of a Congregation, Gospel Luke 19:1-10, Jesus & Zacchaeus (), preferred Cantata 194.2 (, ).? 2.? Mission Observance, Gospel Luke 24:44-53, These Are My Words (), preferred Cantata 44 (, ). 3.? Christian Education, Gospel Luke 18:15-17, Jesus Blesses Little Children (), preferred Cantata 139 (, ). 4.? Harvest Observance, Gospel Luke 12:13-21, Parable of Rich Fool (), preferred Cantata 94 (), ). 5.? Day of Thanksgiving (see above, WELS 14). 6.? Day of Supplication & Prayer, Gospel Matthew 6:16-21, Concerning Fasting (), preferred Cantata 115 (, ). 7.? Day of National or Local Tragedy, Gospel Luke 13:1-9, Repent or Perish (), preferred Cantata 46 (, ); alternate Gospel Matthew 24:32-35, Repent or Perish (), preferred Cantata 70.2 (, ). Addendum:? A complete accounting of music Bach composed for special services is still being researched while some categories overlap or still need to be fully accounted for, such as in the Revised Common Lectionary, 10. Marriage has three new Testament readings, and many weddings for which Bach was responsible are still being determined and a special accounting will follow. ENDNOTES 1 Robin A. Leaver, ed., A New Song We Now Begin:? Celebrating the Half-Millennium of Lutheran Hymnals, Lutheran Quarterly Books (Minneapolis MN:? Fortress Press:? 2024),? description, , Leaver interview, ; music and 12 verses, , . 2 Revised Common Lectionary (RCL) Daily Readings (Nashville TN:? Abingdon Press:? 2005, Consultation on Common Texts, Minneapolis MN: Fortress Press); ; Appendix A Special Days (307-9, Marian feasts of the Presentation, February 2; Annunciation, March 25; Visitation, May 31 [was July 2], Holy Cross (September 14), All-Saints, November 1), and Thanksgiving Day (October Canada, November USA). 3 John S. Setterlund, Bach Through the Year: The Church Music of Johann Sebastian Bach and the Revised Common Lectionary (Minneapolis MN, Lutheran University Press 2013), , . 4 Robin A. Leaver publication, The Whole Church Sings:? Congregational Singing and Luther's Wittenberg, Calvin Institute of Christian Worship Liturgical Studies Series (Grand Rapids MI:? 2017:? 167-73), . ?5 Carl F. Schalk, "German Hymnody," in Marilyn Kay Stulken, Hymnal Companion to the Lutheran Book of Worship (Philadelphia PA: Fortress Press, 1981:? 19-33), ). ? 6 The Season of End Times, Scripture Selections from the Evangelical Heritage Version (c 2019 The Wartburg Project) following the Christian Worship:? A Lutheran Hymnal (c 1993 Northwestern Publishing House) 3-Year Lectionary:? Year A , Year B , Year C . --
William Hoffman |
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BachFest Leipzig 2025
The program for the BachFest 2025 in Leipzig, 12-22 June, has just been announced: ?. ?Here is the trailer: ?, program brochure, , BachFest theme, Transformation, Talk with the Artistic Director Prof. Dr. Michael Maul, . ?Special annual event: ?Bach Network in Dialogue, , event recording will be posted at Bach Network, see 2024 Discussing Bach, .
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William Hoffman |
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New at BachCantataTexts.org: ????????? ???????? BWV 248.2
New at BachCantataTexts.org: ????????? ???????? BWV 248.2
is a freely available source for new historically-informed English translations of J. S. Bach's vocal works, prepared and annotated by Michael Marissen (Swarthmore College, emeritus) and Daniel R. Melamed (Indiana University, emeritus/Bloomington Bach Cantata Project). ?
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Michiel Carpentier
William Hoffman