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I forgot to add the sketch ...now is OK

73 from py2ohh miguel

Hi Miguel, all

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I saw in the English Google translation of you web page that you had questions about how to get down to 3.2MHz with the Si5351A configured in Quadrature LO. The answer is that you must abandon the 600-900MHz limit on the Si5351A internal VCO. The lower limit at which you can configure the VCO is something like 400MHz (I forget the exact number), and 400MHz / 126 = 3.2MHz.?

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Three requirements for a silky smooth, click-free, quadrature LO that tracks at precisely 90-degrees across the whole band as seen in the QCX 5W CW transceiver are:

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1) Set the MultiSynth division stage to an even integer between 4 and 126. Set the phase offset register to the same number. And leave them, don't alter again, unless you make a huge frequency change (e.g. 10MHz) and find you need to change the MultiSynth division again. Configure the first stage, the VCO PLL, with a fractional divider. Note that this is the OPPOSITE way around to the NT7S library which uses a fixed integer up-multiplication to the VCO, then a fractional MultiSynth division in the second stage. Quadrature LO cannot be obtained unless you fix the MultiSynth divider stage to an integer, and vary the PLL (VCO) for the actual frequency changes. In any case, the SiLabs documentation recommends even integer divider for the MultiSynth stage for lowest output jitter (phase noise). Therefore it's a good idea to do it this way, anyway - even if you aren't looking for a quadrature LO.?

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2) Do NOT do a PLL Reset (by setting the PLL Reset register bits in the Si5351A) at every frequency change! Only do a Reset when you change the MultiSynth Divider. Here, the reset is absolutely required in order to set up the initial phase relationship correctly between the two outputs. But you do NOT need a PLL Reset subsequently when you change the frequency, even when you change the frequency by a substantial amount. Doing a PLL Reset WILL create loud audible clicks.?

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3) Do NOT be tempted to try to switch off Si5351A outputs during frequency changes. It also generates clicks (albeit lesser ones). It is a bad solution to the problem of clicks, because it does not tackle the real problem (unnecessary PLL Reset commands), it only masks the problem slightly. As long as you heed my advice in 2) above you will never need to temporarily switch off Si5351A outputs.?

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These lessons were all learned the HARD way over the last three years, during QRP Labs products firmware development (and evolution). Unfortunately there was no easy way, due to the poor SiLabs documentation. Now the easier way is to learn from others' mistakes :-)? ?(a.k.a. MINE). All of this is described in more detail in my Dayton FDIM 2018 seminar accompanying article, the PDF is available here?

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73 Hans G0UPL

Jerry, that Si5338 while it has four outputs it only has a single PLL, it would seem that only a single PLL to work with would compound the jitter/phase noise problem if there really is one in the uBITX.?

Use of floating point arithmetic greatly increases the code size. And execution time - but generally I have found the execution time is not usually a constraint, neither is RAM or EEPROM... the biggest constraint I run into is the Flash program memory size. 64-bit arithmetic increases the code size even worse than floating point. Accordingly I use only 32-bit unsigned integer arithmetic in my Si5351A configuration routines in my firmware. It is possible to do all the calculations in 32-bit arithmetic without losing any precision (Floating point loses precision, 64-bit increases the code size too much). The result is compact code and accurate.?

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Are you sure these work upto 290 mhz??

Hans,

My question wasn't clear enough. I was asking if the library worked to 290 MHz. Above 150 Mhz, integeral divider is needed. There was some overflow with jerry's code.?

That apart, i see some sidebands about -40dbc on both sides of the signal, a few hundred kilohertz on either sides. They appear only on specific frequencies.?

I am really interested in using the Si5351 on 435 MHz. I pushed a 150 Mhz signal out of the Si5351 into a 450 Mhz band pass filter (doubly tuned, promixally coupled). It gave about -4dbm out of the band pass filter, A MMIC raises it to the obligatory +7dbm.?

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- f